Anandalahari: Difference between revisions
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| names |
| names = gubgubi, khamak |
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| classification = [[Membranophone]] [[Chordophone]] |
| classification = [[Membranophone]] [[Chordophone]] |
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| hornbostel_sachs =22 |
| hornbostel_sachs =22 |
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| hornbostel_sachs_desc =barrel shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the bottom of a string(s) |
| hornbostel_sachs_desc =barrel shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the bottom of a string(s) |
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| related = |
| related = Pullavan Kudam, Bhapang, gubgubi, [[Khamak]] |
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The '''anandalahari''' ({{langx|bn|আনন্দলহরী}}; {{langx|sa|आनन्दलहरी|translit=ānandalaharī}}) is originated in [[bengal]] region. The instrument often accompanies dance, and may act as melody and rhythm.<ref name="c">{{cite web |last1=Dick |first1=Alastair |last2=Montagu |first2=Jeremy|title=Ānandalaharī |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002261310 |website=Grove Music Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2261310|year=2014}}</ref> |
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The anandalahari has a barrel-shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the "bottom" of a single string.<ref name="a">{{cite book |last1=Lorea |first1=Carola |title=Folklore, Religion and the Songs of a Bengali Madman: A Journey Between Performance and the Politics of Cultural Representation |date=2016 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-32471-8 |page=vii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7izFDAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="b"/> The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.<ref name="c"/> Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.<ref name="c"/> The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.<ref name="c"/> The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.<ref name="c"/> |
The anandalahari has a barrel-shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the "bottom" of a single string.<ref name="a">{{cite book |last1=Lorea |first1=Carola |title=Folklore, Religion and the Songs of a Bengali Madman: A Journey Between Performance and the Politics of Cultural Representation |date=2016 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-32471-8 |page=vii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7izFDAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="b">{{cite book |last1=Arnold |first1=Alison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh03DwAAQBAJ |title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-54438-2 |page=300 |language=en}}</ref> The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.<ref name="c"/> Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.<ref name="c"/> The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.<ref name="c"/> The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.<ref name="c"/> |
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==Use== |
==Use== |
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The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a [[plectrum]]<ref name="c"/> |
The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a [[plectrum]].<ref name="c"/> |
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A similar instrument named ''pulluvan kudam''<ref name="b"/> is found in [[South India]]. Another similar instrument known as the ''gopiyantra kendra'' is used by the [[Munda people]] of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the [[Sadhu]] type and especially by singers of the [[heterodox]] [[Baul]] faith.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Sukumar |title=Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali |date=1973 |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |location=Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCvaAAAAMAAJ& |
A similar instrument named ''pulluvan kudam''<ref name="b"/> is found in [[South India]]. Another similar instrument known as the ''gopiyantra kendra'' is used by the [[Munda people]] of [[West Bengal|Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the [[Sadhu]] type and especially by singers of the [[heterodox]] [[Baul]] faith.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Sukumar |title=Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali |date=1973 |publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay |location=Calcutta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCvaAAAAMAAJ&q=anandalahari |pages=106–107|isbn=9780883862612 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barthakur |first1=Dilip Ranjan |title=The Music and Musical Instruments of North Eastern India |year=2003 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-881-5 |pages=129–130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP4vH-4oSEcC&pg=PA130 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Classification== |
==Classification== |
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[[Curt Sachs]] believed that anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked [[membranophones]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachs |first1=Curt |title=Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde |date=1923 |publisher=Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger |location=Berlin and Leipzig |url=https://books.google.com/books |
[[Curt Sachs]] believed that the anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked [[membranophones]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sachs |first1=Curt |title=Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde |date=1923 |publisher=Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger |location=Berlin and Leipzig |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHQFAAAAMAAJ|page=78|isbn=9783112132302 |language=de}}</ref> but [[ethnomusicologist]], [[Laurence Picken]] and others have shown that they are clean [[chordophones]].<ref>L.E.R. Picken (1981): The 'Plucked Drums': ''Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī''’, Musica asiatica, '''iii''', p 29–33</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Anandalahari Anandalahari] Banglapedia |
* [http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Anandalahari Anandalahari] Banglapedia |
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{{Commons category|Anandalahari}} |
{{Commons category|Anandalahari}} |
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{{Indian musical instruments}} |
{{Indian musical instruments}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Indian musical instruments]] |
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Bangladeshi musical instruments]] |
[[Category:Bangladeshi musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Chordophones]] |
[[Category:Chordophones]] |
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[[Category:Membranophones]] |
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[[Category:Plucked membranophones]] |
[[Category:Plucked membranophones]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:22, 22 October 2024
 | |
| Other names | gubgubi, khamak |
|---|---|
| Classification | Membranophone Chordophone |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 22 (barrel shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the bottom of a string(s)) |
| Related instruments | |
| Pullavan Kudam, Bhapang, gubgubi, Khamak | |
The anandalahari (Bengali: আনন্দলহরী; Sanskrit: आनन्दलहरी, romanized: ānandalaharī) is originated in bengal region. The instrument often accompanies dance, and may act as melody and rhythm.[1]
Name
[edit]The name anandalahari means "waves of joy". Popularly this instrument is called by onomatopoeic names like gubgubi and khamak.[1]
Description
[edit]The anandalahari has a barrel-shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the "bottom" of a single string.[2][3] The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.[1] Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.[1] The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.[1] The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.[1]
Use
[edit]The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a plectrum.[1]
A similar instrument named pulluvan kudam[3] is found in South India. Another similar instrument known as the gopiyantra kendra is used by the Munda people of Bengal and Odisha. Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the Sadhu type and especially by singers of the heterodox Baul faith.[4][5]
Classification
[edit]Curt Sachs believed that the anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked membranophones[6] but ethnomusicologist, Laurence Picken and others have shown that they are clean chordophones.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g Dick, Alastair; Montagu, Jeremy (2014). "Ānandalaharī". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2261310.
- ^ Lorea, Carola (2016). Folklore, Religion and the Songs of a Bengali Madman: A Journey Between Performance and the Politics of Cultural Representation. BRILL. p. vii. ISBN 978-90-04-32471-8.
- ^ a b Arnold, Alison (2017). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent. Routledge. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-351-54438-2.
- ^ Ray, Sukumar (1973). Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. 106–107. ISBN 9780883862612.
- ^ Barthakur, Dilip Ranjan (2003). The Music and Musical Instruments of North Eastern India. Mittal Publications. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-81-7099-881-5.
- ^ Sachs, Curt (1923). Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde (in German). Berlin and Leipzig: Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger. p. 78. ISBN 9783112132302.
- ^ L.E.R. Picken (1981): The 'Plucked Drums': Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī’, Musica asiatica, iii, p 29–33
External links
[edit]- Anandalahari Banglapedia
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anandalahari.