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{{Short description|Superfamily of mammals}}
{{Hatnote|For the common rhinocerotoid family, see [[Rhinoceros]]}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Rhinocerotoidea
| name = Rhinocerotoids
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|56|0|earliest=63}}[[Paleocene]]-[[Holocene]]
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|56|0|earliest=63}}[[Paleocene|Latest Paleocene]]-[[Holocene|Present]]
| image = File:Diceros bicornis.jpg
| image = Rhino collage.png
| image_caption = Rhinoceroses, a type of rhinocerotoid
| image_upright = 1.2
| image2 = Палеонтологический музей Орлова (20221008151051).jpg
| image_caption = A [[Black rhinoceros]] (''Diceros bicornis'') at the [[Saint Louis Zoo]].
| image2_caption = Skeleton of ''[[Paraceratherium]]'' ([[Paraceratheriidae]])
| taxon = Rhinocerotoidea
| taxon = Rhinocerotoidea
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision = *{{extinct}}[[Hyracodontidae]]
*{{extinct}}[[Amynodontidae]]
*{{extinct}}[[Paraceratheriidae]]
*{{extinct}}[[Eggysodontidae]]
*[[Rhinocerotidae]]
}}
}}


'''Rhinocerotoidea''' is a [[superfamily (taxonomy)|superfamily]] consisting of three family groups of [[odd-toed ungulate]]s, two of which, the [[Amynodontidae]] and [[Hyracodontidae]], are extinct. The only extant family group is the [[Rhinocerotidae]] (rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. The extinct members of this superfamily are often called "rhinoceroses" alongside members of the family Rhinocerotidae, though they include genera, such as ''[[Indricotherium]]'', which do not closely resemble modern rhinoceroses.
'''Rhinocerotoidea''' is a [[superfamily (taxonomy)|superfamily]] of [[Perissodactyla|perissodactyls]] that appeared 56 million years ago in the [[Paleocene]]. They included four extinct families, the [[Amynodontidae]], the [[Hyracodontidae]], the [[Paraceratheriidae]], and the [[Eggysodontidae]]. The only extant family is the [[Rhinocerotidae]] (true rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. Extinct non-rhinocerotid members of the group are sometimes considered rhinoceroses in a broad sense. Although the term 'rhinoceroses' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is 'rhinocerotoids'. The family Paraceratheriidae contains the largest land mammals known to have ever existed.<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=T. |last2=Lu |first2=X. |last3=Wang |first3=S. |last4=Flynn |first4=L. J. |last5=Sun |first5=D. |last6=He |first6=W. |last7=Chen |first7=S. |date=2021 |title=An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into ''Paraceratherium'' evolution |journal=Communications Biology |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=639 |doi=10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6 |pmc=8211792 |pmid=34140631}}</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The [[cladogram]] below follows a [[phylogenetic analysis]] by Bai ''et al.'' (2020):<ref name="Bai2020">{{cite journal |last1=Bai |first1=B. |last2=Meng |first2=J. |last3=Zhang |first3=C. |last4=Gong |first4=Y.-X. |last5=Wang |first5=Y.-Q. |title=The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) |journal=Communications Biology |date=2020 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=509 |doi=10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8|doi-access=free |pmid=32929169 |pmc=7490376 }}</ref>
The family tree below this is daniel

shows the relationship between Rhinocerotoidea and other groups.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Luke T. Holbrook and Joshua Lapergola|title=A New Genus of Perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the Bridgerian of Wyoming, with comments on basal Perissodactyl phylogeny|journal= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31|issue=|year=2011|pages=895–901}}</ref>
{{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%
{| class="wikitable"
|label1='''Rhinocerotoidea'''|sublabel1=(''sensu lato'')
|-
|+ Internal classification of Perissodactyla
|-
|{{Clade|style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:75%;line-height:100%
|label1=&nbsp;'''Perissodactyla'''&nbsp;
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|label1=&nbsp;[[Tapiromorpha]]&nbsp;
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Isectolophidae]] (†)
|1=''[[Indolophus]]''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|label1=&nbsp;[[Ancylopoda]]&nbsp;
|1=''[[Breviodon]]''
|1={{Clade
|2=''[[Fouchia]]''
}} }}
|1=&nbsp;[[Lophiodontidae]] (†)
|2={{Clade
|2=&nbsp;[[Chalicotheriidae]] (†)
}}
|1={{Clade
|label2=&nbsp;[[Ceratomorpha]]&nbsp;
|1=''[[Minchenoletes]]''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|label1=&nbsp;[[Tapiroidea]]&nbsp;
|1=''[[Triplopus cubitalus]]''
|1={{Clade
|2=''[[Yimengia]]''
|1=&nbsp;[[Helaletidae]] (†)
}} }}
|label2='''Rhinocerotoidea'''|sublabel2=(''sensu stricto'')
|2=&nbsp;[[Tapiridae]]
}}
|2={{Clade
|label2=&nbsp;Rhinocerotoidea&nbsp;
|1=''[[Hyrachyus]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Uintaceras]]''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Amynodontidae]] (†)
|1=''[[Teletaceras]]''
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Hyracodontidae]] (†)
|1=''[[Selenaletes]]''
|2=&nbsp;[[Rhinocerotidae]]
|2={{Clade
}}
|1=''[[Triplopus youjingensis|Triplopus? youjingensis]]''
}}
|2={{Clade
}}
|1={{Clade
|label1=[[Hyracodontidae]]
}}
|1={{Clade
}}
|1={{Clade
|label2=&nbsp;[[Hippomorpha]]&nbsp;
|1=''[[Ephyrachyus]]''
|2={{Clade
|2=''[[Prohyracodon]]''
|label1=&nbsp;[[Equoidea]]&nbsp;
}}
|1={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Palaeotheriidae]] (†)
|2=&nbsp;[[Equidae]]
|1=''[[Ardynia]]''
|2={{Clade
}}
|1=''[[Hyracodon]]''
|label2=&nbsp;[[Brontotherioidea]]&nbsp;
|2={{Clade
|2={{Clade
|1=&nbsp;[[Lambdotheriidae]] (†)
|1=''[[Epitriplopus]]''
|2=&nbsp;[[Brontotheriidae]] (†)
|2=''[[Triplopides]]''
}}
}} }} }} }} }}
|2={{Clade
}}
|1={{Clade
}}
|label1=[[Forstercooperiidae]]
}}
|1={{Clade
|}
|1=''[[Forstercooperia]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Gobicerops]]''
|2=''[[Pappaceras]]''
}} }} }}
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|label1=[[Amynodontidae]]
|1={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=''[[Caenolophus]]''
|2=''[[Proeggysodon]]''
}}
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Rostriamynodon]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Sharamynodon]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Amynodon]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Cadurcodon]]''
|2=''[[Metamynodon]]''
|3=''[[Paramynodon]]''
}} }} }} }} }} }}
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Eggysodon]]''
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Paraceratheriidae]]
|1={{Clade
|1=''[[Juxia]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Paraceratherium]]''
|2=''[[Urtinotherium]]''
}} }}
|label2=[[Rhinocerotidae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Trigonias]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Subhyracodon]]''
|2={{Clade
|1=''[[Menoceras]]''
|2=''[[Rhinoceros (genus)|Rhinoceros]]''
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Perissodactyla Genera|R.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15487229}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15487229}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Odd-toed ungulates]]
[[Category:Rhinocerotoidea| ]]
[[Category:Ceratomorpha]]
[[Category:Mammal superfamilies]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]

Latest revision as of 16:58, 22 October 2024

For the common rhinocerotoid family, see Rhinoceros

Rhinocerotoids
Temporal range: 56–0 Ma Latest Paleocene-Present
Rhinoceroses, a type of rhinocerotoid
Skeleton of Paraceratherium (Paraceratheriidae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Suborder: Ceratomorpha
Superfamily: Rhinocerotoidea
Gray, 1821
Families

Rhinocerotoidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls that appeared 56 million years ago in the Paleocene. They included four extinct families, the Amynodontidae, the Hyracodontidae, the Paraceratheriidae, and the Eggysodontidae. The only extant family is the Rhinocerotidae (true rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. Extinct non-rhinocerotid members of the group are sometimes considered rhinoceroses in a broad sense. Although the term 'rhinoceroses' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is 'rhinocerotoids'. The family Paraceratheriidae contains the largest land mammals known to have ever existed.[1]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The cladogram below follows a phylogenetic analysis by Bai et al. (2020):[2]

Rhinocerotoidea
(sensu lato)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Deng, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, S.; Flynn, L. J.; Sun, D.; He, W.; Chen, S. (2021). "An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 639. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6. PMC 8211792. PMID 34140631.
  2. ^ Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q. (2020). "The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)". Communications Biology. 3 (1): 509. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8. PMC 7490376. PMID 32929169.
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