Jump to content

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
No edit summary
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|French physicist}}
{{short description|French physicist (born 1933)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
| name = Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
| image = Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.JPG
| image = Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (cropped).JPG
| caption = Cohen-Tannoudji in 2007
| caption = Cohen-Tannoudji in 2007
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1933|4|1}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1933|4|1}}
Line 9: Line 9:
| field = [[Physics]]
| field = [[Physics]]
| work_institutions = [[College de France]]<br />[[University of Paris]]<br/>[[École normale supérieure (Paris)]]
| work_institutions = [[College de France]]<br />[[University of Paris]]<br/>[[École normale supérieure (Paris)]]
| alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure (Paris)]]<br />[[University of Paris]]
| alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure]]<br />[[University of Paris]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Alfred Kastler]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Alfred Kastler]]
| doctoral_students = [[Serge Haroche]]<br>[[Jean Dalibard]]
| doctoral_students = [[Serge Haroche]]<br>[[Jean Dalibard]]<br>[[Claude Fabre]]
| known_for = [[Laser cooling]]<br>''[[Quantum Mechanics (book)|Quantum Mechanics]]''
| prizes = [[Prix Paul Langevin]] {{small|(1963)}}<br>[[Prix Jean Ricard]] {{small|(1971)}}<br>[[Young Medal and Prize]] {{small|(1979)}}<br>[[Lilienfeld Prize]] {{small|(1992)}}<br>[[Matteucci Medal]] <small>(1994)</small><br>[[Harvey Prize]] {{small|(1996)}}<br>[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] {{small|(1997)}}
| prizes = [[Prix Paul Langevin]] (1963)<br>[[Prix Jean Ricard]] (1971)<br>[[Young Medal and Prize]] (1979)<br>[[Ampère Prize]] (1979)<br>[[Lilienfeld Prize]] (1992)<br>[[Matteucci Medal]] (1994)<br>[[Harvey Prize]] (1996)<br>[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1997)
| spouse = {{marriage|Jacqueline Veyrat|1958}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xD8OAQAAMAAJ&q=Jacqueline+Veyrat++Claude+Cohen-Tannoudji |title=Notable twentieth century scientists: Supplement - Kristine M. Krapp - Google Books |via=[[Google Books]]|date= January 1998|access-date=2013-03-09|isbn=9780787627669 |last1=Krapp |first1=Kristine M. }}</ref>
| spouse = {{marriage|Jacqueline Veyrat|1958}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xD8OAQAAMAAJ&q=Jacqueline+Veyrat++Claude+Cohen-Tannoudji |title=Notable twentieth century scientists: Supplement - Kristine M. Krapp - Google Books |via=[[Google Books]]|date= January 1998|access-date=2013-03-09|isbn=9780787627669 |last1=Krapp |first1=Kristine M. }}</ref>
| children = 3
| children = 3
}}
}}


'''Claude Cohen-Tannoudji''' (born 1 April 1933) is a French [[physicist]]. He shared the 1997 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] with [[Steven Chu]] and [[William Daniel Phillips]] for research in methods of [[laser cooling]] and trapping atoms. Currently he is still an active researcher, working at the [[École normale supérieure (Paris)]].<ref name=":0"/>
'''Claude Cohen-Tannoudji''' ({{IPA|fr|klod kɔɛn tanudʒi}}; born 1 April 1933) is a French [[physicist]]. He shared the 1997 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] with [[Steven Chu]] and [[William Daniel Phillips]] for research in methods of [[laser cooling]] and trapping atoms. Currently he is still an active researcher, working at the [[École normale supérieure (Paris)]].<ref name=":0"/>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Cohen-Tannoudji was born in [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], [[French Algeria]], to Algerian Jewish parents Abraham Cohen-Tannoudji and Sarah Sebbah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/124559/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji|title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - French physicist|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Images/Les-Nobel-francais-de-physique/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji-il-y-a-10-ans-12894 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213182648/http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Images/Les-Nobel-francais-de-physique/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji-il-y-a-10-ans-12894 |archive-date=2015-02-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine |author=Francis Leroy |page=218 |date= 13 Mar 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Nobel Prize Winners in Physics |author=Arun Agarwal |page=298 |date= 15 Nov 2005 }}</ref> When describing his origins Cohen-Tannoudji said: "My family, originally from Tangier, settled in Tunisia and then in Algeria in the 16th century after having fled Spain during the Inquisition. In fact, our name, Cohen-Tannoudji, means simply the Cohen family from Tangiers. The Algerian Jews obtained the French citizenship in 1870 after Algeria became a French colony in 1830."<ref name= bio>{{cite web|last=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji|title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Autobiographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-bio.html|publisher=NobelPrize.org|access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref>
Cohen-Tannoudji was born in [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], [[French Algeria]], to Algerian [[Sephardic Jewish]] parents Abraham Cohen-Tannoudji and Sarah Sebbah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/124559/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji|title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - French physicist|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Images/Les-Nobel-francais-de-physique/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji-il-y-a-10-ans-12894 |title=Photo - leJDD.fr |access-date=2015-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213182648/http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Images/Les-Nobel-francais-de-physique/Claude-Cohen-Tannoudji-il-y-a-10-ans-12894 |archive-date=2015-02-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine |author=Francis Leroy |page=218 |date= 13 Mar 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Nobel Prize Winners in Physics |author=Arun Agarwal |page=298 |date= 15 Nov 2005 }}</ref> When describing his origins Cohen-Tannoudji said: "My family, originally from Tangier, settled in Tunisia and then in Algeria in the 16th century after having fled Spain during the Inquisition. In fact, our name, Cohen-Tannoudji, means simply the Cohen family from Tangiers. The Algerian Jews obtained the French citizenship in 1870 after Algeria became a French colony in 1830."<ref name= bio>{{cite web|last=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji|title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Autobiographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-bio.html|publisher=NobelPrize.org|access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref>


After finishing secondary school in [[Algiers]] in 1953, Cohen-Tannoudji left for [[Paris]] to attend the [[École normale supérieure|École Normale Supérieure]].<ref name=bio/> His professors included [[Henri Cartan]], [[Laurent Schwartz]], and [[Alfred Kastler]].<ref name=bio/>
After finishing secondary school in [[Algiers]] in 1953, Cohen-Tannoudji left for [[Paris]] to attend the [[École normale supérieure|École Normale Supérieure]].<ref name=bio/> His professors included [[Henri Cartan]], [[Laurent Schwartz]], and [[Alfred Kastler]].<ref name=bio/>
Line 28: Line 29:
==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Paris de la Recherche - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 7.jpg|thumb|left|Claude Cohen-Tannoudji in 2010]]
[[File:Paris de la Recherche - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 7.jpg|thumb|left|Claude Cohen-Tannoudji in 2010]]
After his dissertation, he started teaching [[quantum mechanics]] at the [[University of Paris]]. From 1964-67, he was an associate professor at the university and from 1967-1973 he was a full professor.<ref name=":0" /> His lecture notes were the basis of the popular textbook, ''Mécanique quantique'', which he wrote with two of his colleagues. He also continued his research work on [[atom]]-[[photon]] interactions, and his research team developed the model of the ''[[light dressed state|dressed atom]]''.
After his dissertation, he started teaching [[quantum mechanics]] at the [[University of Paris]]. From 1964-67, he was an associate professor at the university and from 1967-1973 he was a full professor.<ref name=":0" /> His lecture notes were the basis of the popular textbook, ''Mécanique quantique'' (''[[Quantum Mechanics (book)|Quantum Mechanics]]''), which he wrote with his colleagues {{Ill|Bernard Diu|fr}} and [[Franck Laloë]]. He also continued his research work on [[atom]]-[[photon]] interactions, and his research team developed the model of the ''[[light dressed state|dressed atom]]''.


In 1973, he became a professor at the [[Collège de France]].<ref name=":0" /> In the early 1980s, he started to lecture on radiative forces on atoms in [[laser]] light fields. He also formed a laboratory there with [[Alain Aspect]], Christophe Salomon, and [[Jean Dalibard]] to study laser cooling and trapping. He even took a statistical approach to laser cooling with the use of [[stable distributions]].<ref>Bardou, F., Bouchaud, J. P., Aspect, A., & Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (2001). Non-ergodic cooling: subrecoil laser cooling and Lévy statistics.</ref>
In 1973, he became a professor at the [[Collège de France]].<ref name=":0" /> In the early 1980s, he started to lecture on radiative forces on atoms in [[laser]] light fields. He also formed a laboratory there with [[Alain Aspect]], Christophe Salomon, and [[Jean Dalibard]] to study laser cooling and trapping. He even took a statistical approach to laser cooling with the use of [[stable distributions]].<ref>Bardou, F., Bouchaud, J. P., Aspect, A., & Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (2001). Non-ergodic cooling: subrecoil laser cooling and Lévy statistics.</ref>


In 1976, he took sabbatical leave from the Collège de France, and lectured at [[Harvard University]] and [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Collège de France), "Atom-Photon Interactions" - MIT Physics Department Special Seminar 4/29/1992 |url=https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/claude-cohen-tannoudji-coll%C3%A8ge-de-france-atom-photon-interactions%E2%80%9D-mit-physics-department |publisher=MIT |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae (Claude Cohen-Tannoudji) |url=http://www.phys.ens.fr/~cct/anglais/cv_e.htm |publisher=École normale supérieure |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> At Harvard, he was a Loeb Lecturer for two weeks,<ref>{{cite web |title=Loeb and Lee Lectures Archive: 1953 - 1990 |url=https://www.physics.harvard.edu/loeblee3 |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> and at MIT, he was a visiting professor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bulletin (1975-1976) |url=https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/presidents-reports/1976.pdf |publisher=MIT |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref>
In 1976, he took sabbatical leave from the Collège de France, and lectured at [[Harvard University]] and [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Collège de France), "Atom-Photon Interactions" - MIT Physics Department Special Seminar 4/29/1992 |url=https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/claude-cohen-tannoudji-coll%C3%A8ge-de-france-atom-photon-interactions%E2%80%9D-mit-physics-department |publisher=MIT |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae (Claude Cohen-Tannoudji) |url=http://www.phys.ens.fr/~cct/anglais/cv_e.htm |publisher=École normale supérieure |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> At Harvard, he was a Loeb Lecturer for two weeks,<ref>{{cite web |title=Loeb and Lee Lectures Archive: 1953 - 1990 |url=https://www.physics.harvard.edu/loeblee3 |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=9 September 2020}}</ref> and at MIT, he was a visiting professor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bulletin (1975-1976) |url=https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/presidents-reports/1976.pdf |publisher=MIT |access-date=9 September 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112064253/https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/presidents-reports/1976.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


His work eventually led to the [[Nobel Prize]] in physics in 1997 "for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light", shared with [[Steven Chu]] and [[William Daniel Phillips]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997|date=1997|website=nobelprize.org|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|access-date=14 December 2014}}</ref> Cohen-Tannoudji was the first physics Nobel prize winner born in an Arab country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |url=https://www.osa.org/en-us/history/biographies/bios/claude-cohen-tannoudji/ |website=OSA Living History |publisher=The Optical Society |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>
His work eventually led to the [[Nobel Prize]] in physics in 1997 "for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light", shared with [[Steven Chu]] and [[William Daniel Phillips]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997|date=1997|website=nobelprize.org|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|access-date=14 December 2014}}</ref> Cohen-Tannoudji was the first physics Nobel prize winner born in an Arab country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |url=https://www.osa.org/en-us/history/biographies/bios/claude-cohen-tannoudji/ |website=OSA Living History |publisher=The Optical Society |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>
Line 40: Line 41:
==Awards==
==Awards==
[[File:Science et paix - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.webm|thumb|Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, UNESCO, 2011]]
[[File:Science et paix - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.webm|thumb|Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, UNESCO, 2011]]
*1979 &ndash; [[Young Medal and Prize]], for distinguished research in the field of [[optics]].
*1979 &ndash; [[Young Medal and Prize]], for distinguished research in the field of [[optics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Young Medal and Prize recipients |url=https://www.iop.org/about/awards/silver-subject-medals/thomas-young-medal-and-prize-recipients |publisher=Institute of Physics |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
*1991 &ndash; Research Award of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
*1993 &ndash; [[Charles Hard Townes Award]]
*1993 &ndash; [[Charles Hard Townes Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Hard Townes Medal |url=https://www.optica.org/en-us/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/charlestownes/ |publisher=Optica |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
*1994 &ndash; [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] from the Faculty of Science and Technology at [[Uppsala University]], [[Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/|title=Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden|website=www.uu.se|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
*1994 &ndash; [[Honorary degree|honorary doctorate]] from the Faculty of Science and Technology at [[Uppsala University]], [[Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/|title=Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden|website=www.uu.se|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>
*1996 &ndash; Quantum Electronics Prize of the European Physical Society
*1996 &ndash; [[CNRS Gold medal]]
*1996 &ndash; [[CNRS Gold medal]]
*1997 &ndash; [[Nobel Prize]], for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with [[laser]] light.
*1997 &ndash; [[Nobel Prize]], for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with [[laser]] light.
*2002 &ndash; Honorary Member of the [[Optica (society)|Optical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Members {{!}} Optica |url=https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/honorary_members/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.optica.org}}</ref>
*2010 &ndash; [[Legion of Honour]]
*2010 &ndash; [[Legion of Honour]]


Line 50: Line 54:
The main works of Cohen-Tannoudji are given in his homepage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phys.ens.fr/~cct/ |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |publisher=École normale supérieure |language=fr | access-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref>
The main works of Cohen-Tannoudji are given in his homepage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phys.ens.fr/~cct/ |title=Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |publisher=École normale supérieure |language=fr | access-date=14 December 2014 }}</ref>


* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, and Frank Laloë. 1973. ''Mécanique quantique''. 2 vols. Collection Enseignement des Sciences. Paris. {{ISBN|2-7056-5733-9}} (''Quantum Mechanics''. Vol. I & II, 1991. Wiley, New-York, {{ISBN|0-471-16433-X}} & {{ISBN|0471164356}}).
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, and Frank Laloë. 1973. ''Mécanique quantique''. 2 vols. Collection Enseignement des Sciences. Paris. {{ISBN|2-7056-5733-9}} (''[[Quantum Mechanics]]''. Vol. I & II, 1991. Wiley, New-York, {{ISBN|0-471-16433-X}} & {{ISBN|0-471-16435-6}}).
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc. ''Introduction à l'électrodynamique quantique''. (''Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics''. 1997. Wiley. {{ISBN|0471184330}})
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc. ''Introduction à l'électrodynamique quantique''. (''Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics''. 1997. Wiley. {{ISBN|0-471-18433-0}})
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc, ''Processus d'interaction photons-atomes''. (''Atoms-Photon Interactions : Basic Processes and Applications''. 1992. Wiley, New-York. {{ISBN|0471625566}})
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc, ''Processus d'interaction photons-atomes''. (''Atoms-Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications''. 1992. Wiley, New-York. {{ISBN|0-471-62556-6}})
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. 2004. ''Atoms in Electromagnetic fields''. 2nd Edition. World Scientific. Collection of his most important papers.
* Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. 2004. ''Atoms in Electromagnetic fields''. 2nd Edition. World Scientific. Collection of his most important papers.


Line 78: Line 82:
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:French Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:French Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Jewish Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:People from Constantine, Algeria]]
[[Category:People from Constantine, Algeria]]
[[Category:20th-century French Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century French Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:21st-century French Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:21st-century French Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:Collège de France faculty]]
[[Category:Jewish French scientists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Collège de France]]
[[Category:French physicists]]
[[Category:French physicists]]
[[Category:Optical physicists]]
[[Category:Optical physicists]]
Line 89: Line 93:
[[Category:Members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology staff]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology staff]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
⚫
[[Category:Jewish inventors]]
[[Category:Jewish physicists]]
[[Category:Jewish physicists]]
⚫
[[Category:Mizrahi Jews]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Matteucci Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Matteucci Medal]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]

Latest revision as of 20:57, 22 October 2024

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Cohen-Tannoudji in 2007
Born (1933-04-01) 1 April 1933 (age 91)
Constantine, French Algeria
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole normale supérieure
University of Paris
Known forLaser cooling
Quantum Mechanics
Spouse
Jacqueline Veyrat
​
(m. 1958)​
[1]
Children3
AwardsPrix Paul Langevin (1963)
Prix Jean Ricard (1971)
Young Medal and Prize (1979)
Ampère Prize (1979)
Lilienfeld Prize (1992)
Matteucci Medal (1994)
Harvey Prize (1996)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1997)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsCollege de France
University of Paris
École normale supérieure (Paris)
Doctoral advisorAlfred Kastler
Doctoral studentsSerge Haroche
Jean Dalibard
Claude Fabre

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (French pronunciation: [klod kɔɛn tanudʒi]; born 1 April 1933) is a French physicist. He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips for research in methods of laser cooling and trapping atoms. Currently he is still an active researcher, working at the École normale supérieure (Paris).[2]

Early life

[edit]

Cohen-Tannoudji was born in Constantine, French Algeria, to Algerian Sephardic Jewish parents Abraham Cohen-Tannoudji and Sarah Sebbah.[3][4][5][6] When describing his origins Cohen-Tannoudji said: "My family, originally from Tangier, settled in Tunisia and then in Algeria in the 16th century after having fled Spain during the Inquisition. In fact, our name, Cohen-Tannoudji, means simply the Cohen family from Tangiers. The Algerian Jews obtained the French citizenship in 1870 after Algeria became a French colony in 1830."[7]

After finishing secondary school in Algiers in 1953, Cohen-Tannoudji left for Paris to attend the École Normale Supérieure.[7] His professors included Henri Cartan, Laurent Schwartz, and Alfred Kastler.[7]

In 1958 he married Jacqueline Veyrat, a high school teacher, with whom he has three children. His studies were interrupted when he was conscripted into the army, in which he served for 28 months (longer than usual because of the Algerian War). In 1960 he resumed working toward his doctorate, which he obtained from the École Normale Supérieure under the supervision of Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel at the end of 1962.[2]

Career

[edit]
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji in 2010

After his dissertation, he started teaching quantum mechanics at the University of Paris. From 1964-67, he was an associate professor at the university and from 1967-1973 he was a full professor.[2] His lecture notes were the basis of the popular textbook, Mécanique quantique (Quantum Mechanics), which he wrote with his colleagues Bernard Diu [fr] and Franck Laloë. He also continued his research work on atom-photon interactions, and his research team developed the model of the dressed atom.

In 1973, he became a professor at the Collège de France.[2] In the early 1980s, he started to lecture on radiative forces on atoms in laser light fields. He also formed a laboratory there with Alain Aspect, Christophe Salomon, and Jean Dalibard to study laser cooling and trapping. He even took a statistical approach to laser cooling with the use of stable distributions.[8]

In 1976, he took sabbatical leave from the Collège de France, and lectured at Harvard University and MIT.[9][10] At Harvard, he was a Loeb Lecturer for two weeks,[11] and at MIT, he was a visiting professor.[12]

His work eventually led to the Nobel Prize in physics in 1997 "for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light", shared with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips.[13] Cohen-Tannoudji was the first physics Nobel prize winner born in an Arab country.[14]

In 2015, Cohen-Tannoudji signed the Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change on the final day of the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part of the successful COP21 climate summit in Paris.[15]

Awards

[edit]
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, UNESCO, 2011

Selected works

[edit]

The main works of Cohen-Tannoudji are given in his homepage.[20]

  • Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Bernard Diu, and Frank Laloë. 1973. Mécanique quantique. 2 vols. Collection Enseignement des Sciences. Paris. ISBN 2-7056-5733-9 (Quantum Mechanics. Vol. I & II, 1991. Wiley, New-York, ISBN 0-471-16433-X & ISBN 0-471-16435-6).
  • Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc. Introduction à l'électrodynamique quantique. (Photons and Atoms: Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics. 1997. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-18433-0)
  • Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilbert Grynberg and Jacques Dupont-Roc, Processus d'interaction photons-atomes. (Atoms-Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications. 1992. Wiley, New-York. ISBN 0-471-62556-6)
  • Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. 2004. Atoms in Electromagnetic fields. 2nd Edition. World Scientific. Collection of his most important papers.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Krapp, Kristine M. (January 1998). Notable twentieth century scientists: Supplement - Kristine M. Krapp - Google Books. ISBN 9780787627669. Retrieved 2013-03-09 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b c d "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji". www.phys.ens.fr. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  3. ^ "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - French physicist". Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Photo - leJDD.fr". Archived from the original on 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-02-13.
  5. ^ Francis Leroy (13 Mar 2003). A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine. p. 218.
  6. ^ Arun Agarwal (15 Nov 2005). Nobel Prize Winners in Physics. p. 298.
  7. ^ a b c Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji - Autobiographical". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  8. ^ Bardou, F., Bouchaud, J. P., Aspect, A., & Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (2001). Non-ergodic cooling: subrecoil laser cooling and Lévy statistics.
  9. ^ "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Collège de France), "Atom-Photon Interactions" - MIT Physics Department Special Seminar 4/29/1992". MIT. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Curriculum Vitae (Claude Cohen-Tannoudji)". École normale supérieure. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  11. ^ "Loeb and Lee Lectures Archive: 1953 - 1990". Harvard University. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bulletin (1975-1976)" (PDF). MIT. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  13. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". nobelprize.org. The Nobel Foundation. 1997. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  14. ^ "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji". OSA Living History. The Optical Society. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  15. ^ "Mainau Declaration". www.mainaudeclaration.org. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
  16. ^ "Thomas Young Medal and Prize recipients". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Charles Hard Townes Medal". Optica. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  18. ^ "Honorary doctorates - Uppsala University, Sweden". www.uu.se. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
  19. ^ "Honorary Members | Optica". www.optica.org. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  20. ^ "Claude Cohen-Tannoudji" (in French). École normale supérieure. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji&oldid=1252761965"