Ethiopian Greeks: Difference between revisions

Ethiopian Greeks
የኢትዮጵያ ግሪኮች; Έλληνες της Αιθιοπίας
Total population
	c. 500
Regions with significant populations
	Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa
Languages
	Greek · Amharic · English
Religion
	Greek Orthodox Church
Related ethnic groups
	African Greeks · Egyptian Greeks, Sudanese Greeks

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Ethiopian Greeks, or Greeks in Ethiopia, are ethnic Greeks from Ethiopia. Today they number about 500 persons and can be traced back to ancient times. They are mainly located in the capital, Addis Ababa, and the city of Dire Dawa.

History

The name Ethiopia itself is Greek and means "of burned face".^[1] It is first attested in the Homeric epics but it is unlikely to have referred to any particular nation, but rather, to people of African descent in general.^[2]^[3]

Beginning in the Hellenistic age around the third century BC, Greek culture permeated the regions of ancient Ethiopia. Greeks established colonies in Ethiopia, with Ptolemais Theron and Axum becoming major capitals of Ethiopian Greek culture. In the second century BC, Ptolemy III Euergetes annexed several northern Ethiopian cities such as Tigray and the port of Adulis, which became major trading hubs for Ethiopian Greeks.^[4]^[5]

Axumites of Ethiopia

After the Romans annexed the Ptolemaic Empire, the Axumite king Zoskales (Ancient Greek: Ζωσκάλης) established the Axumite Empire (Ancient Greek: Ἀξωμίτης) (c. 100 AD–c. 960 AD), which maintained Ethiopian Greek culture and used Greek as its lingua franca. In the city of Axum, many obelisks, statues, and architecture made in Egyptian Greek style still mark the landscape.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

As the Islamic conquest of North Africa severed Axum's link with the Greek world in the seventh century, Greek culture and knowledge waned; Muslim presence in the Red Sea also caused Axum to suffer economically and it declined in power. Axum's final three centuries are considered a dark age, in which Ethiopian Greek culture disappeared; the Axumite Empire finally collapsed around 960 AD.^[11] Despite its position as one of the foremost empires of late antiquity, Axum fell into obscurity as Ethiopia remained isolated throughout the Middle Ages.^[12]^[13]

Abyssinian Greeks

An illuminated Evangelist portrait of Saint Mark, from the Garima Gospels, 6th century, Kingdom of Aksum, influenced by Byzantine art^[14]

Later Abyssinian Greeks were attested in the 1700s, largely descending from Greek craftsmen and sailors residing in Abyssinia, who facilitated commerce between Abyssinia and Europe.^[15]^[3] The explorer James Bruce reported that a number of Greek refugees from Smyrna had also arrived in Gondar during the reign of Emperor Iyasu II. The Smyrniot refugees included twelve silversmiths, whom the emperor put to work producing a variety of items for both his court and the churches of Gondar.^[16]

Abyssinian Greeks held many of the highest positions in the Abyssinian Empire; the principal Abyssinian Greek community stayed with the Abyssinian Emperor in the capital, Gondar.^[17] Emperor Theodore II specifically made known that he favored the Abyssinian Greeks, because of their virility and integrity of character.^[18]

Modern Ethiopian Greeks

The Ethiopian Greek community saw its heyday in the early part of the 20th century with the establishment of the Holy Metropolis of Axum by the Patriarchate of Alexandria in 1908 and of the Greek organizations in Addis Ababa (1918) and Dire Dawa (1921).^[19]

In 1969, an Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies was formed. The Founder President of the Association was Greek Metropolitan Methodios Fouyas of Aksum and the Vice presidents were Rev. Fr. Dr. V.C. Samuel, Dean of the Faculty of Theology and Dr. P. Petrides of the French Academy of Science. The Very Rev. L.S. Babte Mariam Workeneh was the Secretary General and Nicolas Geoprgkas, President of the Greek Community in Addis Ababa was the Treasurer. H.I.H. Merid Asfa Wossen Crown Prince of Ethiopia was the Patron and H.B. Archbishop Theophilos of Harar and Acting Patriarch of Ethiopia was the Chairman. To promote the scholarly works concerning Ethiopia and Greece and their historical and ecclesiastical heritage and achievements the Year Book ABBA SLAMA was published from 1970 to 1976.^[20]

In the post-war period the community grew to 3,000 persons. It suffered during the revolution that overthrew Haile Selassie in 1974, when the hostility of the Derg towards all foreign communities drastically reduced its size to the current population of about 500.^[19]

Today there is still a Greek school located in the capital as well as a Greek Orthodox church in the same city (St. Froumendios). The school has about 120 students, many of whom receive scholarships to continue their studies in Greece.^[21] However there is an increasing initiative by Greeks to take advantage of the investment opportunities currently available in Ethiopia.^[22]

References

^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert, A Greek-English Lexicon (Online ed.), Tufts University, retrieved 2009-01-02
^ Natsoulas, Theodoros (1975), The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936, Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University, OCLC 8152015
^ ^a ^b Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus (1985), Ethiopia's access to the sea, Leiden: E.J. Brill, p. 43, ISBN 90-04-07680-8
^ ^a ^b The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A-Androphagi. Cambridge University Press. 1910. p. 89.
^ "The" Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 17. Royal Geographical Society. 1847. p. 63.
^ George Hatke (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. p. 26.
^ Africa and Its Exploration as Told by Its Explorers: Mungo Park, Clapperton, the Landers, Livingstone, Volume 1. S. Low, Marston, Limited. 1891. p. 98.
^ Louis François Jauffret (1852). Travels of Rolando, Or, A Tour Round the World. C.S. Francis & Company. p. 261.
^ English explorers (1875). The English explorers, comprising details of the more famous travels by Mandeville, Bruce, Park and Livingstone, with chapter on Arctic explorations. William P. Nimmo. p. 184.
^ William Henry Ferris (1913). The African Abroad: Or, His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Development Under Caucasian Milieu, Volume 1. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press. p. 494.
^ Derat, Marie-Laure (2020). "Before the Solomonids: Crisis, Renaissance and the Emergence of the Zagwe Dynasty (Seventh–Thirteenth Centuries)". In Kelly, Samantha (ed.). A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea. Leiden: Brill. p. 34. ISBN 978-90-04-41958-2.
^ Fritsch, Emmanuel; Kidane, Habtemichael (2020). "The Medieval Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Its Liturgy". In Kelly, Samantha (ed.). A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea. Leiden: Brill. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-04-41958-2.
^ Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn Mukhtār (1990). UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. II, Abridged Edition: Ancient Africa. University of California Press. p. 234.
^ De Lorenzi, James (2015), Guardians of the Tradition: Historians and Historical Writing in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Rochester: University of Rochester Press, pp. 15–16, ISBN 978-1-58046-519-9.
^ Natsoulas, Theodoros (1975), The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936, Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University, OCLC 8152015
^ Raymond Silverman and Neal Sobania, "Mining a Mother Lode: Early European Travel Literature and the History of Precious Metalworking in Highland Ethiopia", History in Africa, 31 (2004), p. 348
^ James Bruce (1812). Travels Between the Years 1765-1773 ... Into Abyssinia ... Comprehending an Interesting Narrative of the Author's Adventures in Abyssinia ... Being the Substance of the Original Work. [With Engravings, Including a Portrait.] J. & J. Cundee. pp. 46, 47.
^ Abba Salama Volumes 1-2. University of California. 1970. p. 54.
^ ^a ^b Bilateral Relations Between Greece And Ethiopia, Greece: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, archived from the original on 2006-07-15, retrieved 2009-01-02
^ ABBA SALAMA A review of the Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies Addis Ababa 1970.
^ Greeks in Ethiopia, AusGreekNet.com, retrieved 2009-01-02
^ "VI. The Greek Community", Hellenic & Ethiopian Bilateral Relations, Greece: Embassy of Ethiopia, archived from the original on 2011-07-21, retrieved 2009-01-02

External links

[1] Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert, A Greek-English Lexicon (Online ed.), Tufts University, retrieved 2009-01-02

[2] Natsoulas, Theodoros (1975), The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936, Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University, OCLC 8152015

[Dombrowski_1985_43-3] Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus (1985), Ethiopia's access to the sea, Leiden: E.J. Brill, p. 43, ISBN 90-04-07680-8

[cambridgeuniversitypress-4] The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A-Androphagi. Cambridge University Press. 1910. p. 89.

[royalgeographicalsociety-5] "The" Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 17. Royal Geographical Society. 1847. p. 63.

[georgehatke-6] George Hatke (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. p. 26.

[africaexploration-7] Africa and Its Exploration as Told by Its Explorers: Mungo Park, Clapperton, the Landers, Livingstone, Volume 1. S. Low, Marston, Limited. 1891. p. 98.

[louisfrancoisjauffret-8] Louis François Jauffret (1852). Travels of Rolando, Or, A Tour Round the World. C.S. Francis & Company. p. 261.

[englishexplorers-9] English explorers (1875). The English explorers, comprising details of the more famous travels by Mandeville, Bruce, Park and Livingstone, with chapter on Arctic explorations. William P. Nimmo. p. 184.

[williamhenryferris-10] William Henry Ferris (1913). The African Abroad: Or, His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Development Under Caucasian Milieu, Volume 1. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press. p. 494.

[Derat34-11] Derat, Marie-Laure (2020). "Before the Solomonids: Crisis, Renaissance and the Emergence of the Zagwe Dynasty (Seventh–Thirteenth Centuries)". In Kelly, Samantha (ed.). A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea. Leiden: Brill. p. 34. ISBN 978-90-04-41958-2.

[12] Fritsch, Emmanuel; Kidane, Habtemichael (2020). "The Medieval Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Its Liturgy". In Kelly, Samantha (ed.). A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea. Leiden: Brill. p. 169. ISBN 978-90-04-41958-2.

[muhammadjamalaldinmukhtar-13] Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn Mukhtār (1990). UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. II, Abridged Edition: Ancient Africa. University of California Press. p. 234.

[14] De Lorenzi, James (2015), Guardians of the Tradition: Historians and Historical Writing in Ethiopia and Eritrea, Rochester: University of Rochester Press, pp. 15–16, ISBN 978-1-58046-519-9.

[15] Natsoulas, Theodoros (1975), The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936, Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University, OCLC 8152015

[16] Raymond Silverman and Neal Sobania, "Mining a Mother Lode: Early European Travel Literature and the History of Precious Metalworking in Highland Ethiopia", History in Africa, 31 (2004), p. 348

[jamesbruce-17] James Bruce (1812). Travels Between the Years 1765-1773 ... Into Abyssinia ... Comprehending an Interesting Narrative of the Author's Adventures in Abyssinia ... Being the Substance of the Original Work. [With Engravings, Including a Portrait.] J. & J. Cundee. pp. 46, 47.

[abbasalama-18] Abba Salama Volumes 1-2. University of California. 1970. p. 54.

[gmfa-19] Bilateral Relations Between Greece And Ethiopia, Greece: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, archived from the original on 2006-07-15, retrieved 2009-01-02

[20] ABBA SALAMA A review of the Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies Addis Ababa 1970.

[aus-21] Greeks in Ethiopia, AusGreekNet.com, retrieved 2009-01-02

[emfa-22] "VI. The Greek Community", Hellenic & Ethiopian Bilateral Relations, Greece: Embassy of Ethiopia, archived from the original on 2011-07-21, retrieved 2009-01-02

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Infobox ethnic group
 | group            = Ethiopian Greeks
-| native_name      = Έλληνες της Αιθιοπίας
+| native_name      = የኢትዮጵያ ግሪኮች<br/>Έλληνες της Αιθιοπίας
 | native_name_lang =
+| flag             = {{flagicon|Greece}} {{flagicon|Ethiopia}}
 | population       = {{circa}} 500
-| popplace         = [[Ethiopia]]
+| popplace         = [[Addis Ababa]], [[Dire Dawa]]
 | langs            = [[Greek language|Greek]]{{·}}[[Amharic]]{{·}}[[English language|English]]
 | rels             = [[Greek Orthodox Church]]
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 ==History==
-The name [[Aethiopia|Ethiopia]] itself is Greek and means "of burned face".<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232329|first1=Henry George|last1=Liddell|first2=Robert|last2=Scott|title=A Greek-English Lexicon|edition=Online |publisher=Tufts University|access-date=2009-01-02}}</ref> It is first attested in the Homeric epics but it is unlikely to have referred to any particular nation, but rather, to people of African descent in general.<ref>{{citation |last=Natsoulas |first=Theodoros |title=The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936 |series=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Syracuse University |year=1975 |oclc=8152015}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Dombrowski |first=Franz Amadeus |title=Ethiopia's access to the sea |publisher=E.J. Brill |location=Leiden |year=1985 |pages=43 |isbn=90-04-07680-8 }}</ref>
+The name [[Aethiopia|Ethiopia]] itself is Greek and means "of burned face".<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232329|first1=Henry George|last1=Liddell|first2=Robert|last2=Scott|title=A Greek-English Lexicon|edition=Online |publisher=Tufts University|access-date=2009-01-02}}</ref> It is first attested in the Homeric epics but it is unlikely to have referred to any particular nation, but rather, to people of African descent in general.<ref>{{citation |last=Natsoulas |first=Theodoros |title=The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936 |series=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Syracuse University |year=1975 |oclc=8152015}}</ref><ref name="Dombrowski 1985 43">{{citation |last=Dombrowski |first=Franz Amadeus |title=Ethiopia's access to the sea |publisher=E.J. Brill |location=Leiden |year=1985 |pages=43 |isbn=90-04-07680-8 }}</ref>
-Beginning in the [[Hellenistic age]] around the third century BC, Greek culture permeated the regions of ancient Ethiopia. Greeks established colonies in Ethiopia, with [[Ptolemais Theron]] and [[Axum]] becoming major capitals of Ethiopian Greek culture. In the second century BC, [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]] annexed several northern Ethiopian cities such as [[Tigray Province|Tigray]] and the port of [[Adulis]], which became major trading hubs for Ethiopian Greeks.<ref name="cambridgeuniversitypress">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A-Androphagi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1910|pages=89}}</ref>
+Beginning in the [[Hellenistic age]] around the third century BC, Greek culture permeated the regions of ancient Ethiopia. Greeks established colonies in Ethiopia, with [[Ptolemais Theron]] and [[Axum]] becoming major capitals of Ethiopian Greek culture. In the second century BC, [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]] annexed several northern Ethiopian cities such as [[Tigray Province|Tigray]] and the port of [[Adulis]], which became major trading hubs for Ethiopian Greeks.<ref name="cambridgeuniversitypress">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A-Androphagi|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1910|pages=89}}</ref><ref name="royalgeographicalsociety">{{cite book |title=
+"The" Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Volume 17|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|year=1847|pages=63}}</ref>
 ===Axumites of Ethiopia===
-{{see|Axumite Empire}}
+{{further|Axumite Empire}}
 [[Image:Aphilas tiara.jpg|right|thumb|[[Axumite Empire|Axumite]] coinage that reads "AΦIΛAC BACIΛEYC" – "King [[Aphilas]]"]]
 [[Image:Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos Salvador Imagem do Santo Elesbão 2019-0524.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kaleb of Axum|Saint Elesbaan]], King of Axum]]
-After the annexation of the Ptolemaic Empire by the Romans, the Axumite king [[Zoskales]] ({{lang-grc|Ζωσκάλης}}) established the [[Axumite Empire]] ({{lang-grc|Ἀξωμίτης}}) (c. 100 AD–c. 960 AD), which maintained Ethiopian Greek culture and used Greek as its ''lingua franca''. In the city of [[Axum]], many obelisks, statues, and architecture made in [[Egyptian Greeks|Egyptian Greek]] style still mark the landscape.<ref name="cambridgeuniversitypress"></ref><ref name="georgehatke">{{cite book |title=Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa|author=George Hatke|publisher=NYU Press|year=2013|pages=26}}</ref>
+After the Romans annexed the Ptolemaic Empire, the Axumite king [[Zoskales]] ({{langx|grc|Ζωσκάλης}}) established the [[Axumite Empire]] ({{langx|grc|Ἀξωμίτης}}) (c. 100 AD–c. 960 AD), which maintained Ethiopian Greek culture and used Greek as its ''lingua franca''. In the city of [[Axum]], many obelisks, statues, and architecture made in [[Egyptian Greeks|Egyptian Greek]] style still mark the landscape.<ref name="cambridgeuniversitypress" /><ref name="georgehatke">{{cite book |title=Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa|author=George Hatke|publisher=NYU Press|year=2013|pages=26}}</ref><ref name="africaexploration">{{cite book |title=Africa and Its Exploration as Told by Its Explorers: Mungo Park, Clapperton, the Landers, Livingstone, Volume 1|publisher=S. Low, Marston, Limited|year=1891|pages=98}}</ref><ref name="louisfrancoisjauffret">{{cite book |title=Travels of Rolando, Or, A Tour Round the World|author=Louis François Jauffret|publisher=C.S. Francis & Company|year=1852|pages=261}}</ref><ref name="englishexplorers">{{cite book |title=The English explorers, comprising details of the more famous travels by Mandeville, Bruce, Park and Livingstone, with chapter on Arctic explorations|author=English explorers|publisher=William P. Nimmo|year=1875|pages=184}}</ref><ref name="williamhenryferris">{{cite book |title=The African Abroad: Or, His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Development Under Caucasian Milieu, Volume 1|author=William Henry Ferris|publisher=Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press|year=1913|pages=494}}</ref>
 As the Islamic conquest of North Africa severed Axum's link with the Greek world in the seventh century, Greek culture and knowledge waned; Muslim presence in the Red Sea also caused Axum to suffer economically and it declined in power. Axum's final three centuries are considered a dark age, in which Ethiopian Greek culture disappeared; the Axumite Empire finally collapsed around 960 AD.<ref name= Derat34>{{cite book |last= Derat|first= Marie-Laure|date= 2020|chapter= Before the Solomonids: Crisis, Renaissance and the Emergence of the Zagwe Dynasty (Seventh–Thirteenth Centuries)|editor-last= Kelly|editor-first= Samantha|title= A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea|location= Leiden|publisher= Brill|page= 34|isbn= 978-90-04-41958-2}}</ref> Despite its position as one of the foremost empires of late antiquity, Axum fell into obscurity as Ethiopia remained isolated throughout the Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Fritsch|first1= Emmanuel|last2= Kidane|first2= Habtemichael|date= 2020|chapter= The Medieval Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Its Liturgy|editor-last= Kelly|editor-first= Samantha|title= A Companion to Medieval Ethiopia and Eritrea|location= Leiden|publisher= Brill|page= 169|isbn= 978-90-04-41958-2}}</ref><ref name="muhammadjamalaldinmukhtar">{{cite book |title=UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. II, Abridged Edition: Ancient Africa|author=Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn Mukhtār|publisher=University of California Press|year=1990|pages=234}}</ref>
 ===Abyssinian Greeks===
-{{see|Abyssinian Empire}}
+{{further|Abyssinian Empire}}
 [[File:Illumination-from-Abba-Garima-gospel.jpg|thumb|left|upright|An [[Illuminated manuscript|illuminated]] [[Evangelist portrait]] of [[Saint Mark]], from the [[Garima Gospels]], 6th century, Kingdom of Aksum, influenced by [[Byzantine art]]<ref>De Lorenzi, James (2015), ''Guardians of the Tradition: Historians and Historical Writing in Ethiopia and Eritrea'', Rochester: University of Rochester Press, pp. 15–16, {{ISBN|978-1-58046-519-9}}.</ref>]]
-Later Abyssinian Greeks were attested in the 1700s, largely descending from Greek craftsmen and sailors residing in Abyssinia, who facilitated commerce between Abyssinia and Europe.<ref>{{citation |last=Natsoulas |first=Theodoros |title=The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936 |series=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Syracuse University |year=1975 |oclc=8152015}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Dombrowski |first=Franz Amadeus |title=Ethiopia's access to the sea |publisher=E.J. Brill |location=Leiden |year=1985 |pages=43 |isbn=90-04-07680-8 }}</ref> The explorer [[James Bruce]] reported that a number of Greek refugees from [[Smyrna]] had also arrived in [[Gondar]] during the reign of Emperor [[Iyasu II of Ethiopia|Iyasu II]]. The Smyrniot refugees included twelve silversmiths, whom the emperor put to work producing a variety of items for both his court and the churches of Gondar.<ref>Raymond Silverman and Neal Sobania, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4128531 "Mining a Mother Lode: Early European Travel Literature and the History of Precious Metalworking in Highland Ethiopia", ''History in Africa'', 31 (2004), p. 348]</ref>
+Later Abyssinian Greeks were attested in the 1700s, largely descending from Greek craftsmen and sailors residing in Abyssinia, who facilitated commerce between Abyssinia and Europe.<ref>{{citation |last=Natsoulas |first=Theodoros |title=The Greeks in Ethiopia: Economic, Political and Social Life, c,1740-1936 |series=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Syracuse University |year=1975 |oclc=8152015}}</ref><ref name="Dombrowski 1985 43"/> The explorer [[James Bruce]] reported that a number of Greek refugees from [[Smyrna]] had also arrived in [[Gondar]] during the reign of Emperor [[Iyasu II of Ethiopia|Iyasu II]]. The Smyrniot refugees included twelve silversmiths, whom the emperor put to work producing a variety of items for both his court and the churches of Gondar.<ref>Raymond Silverman and Neal Sobania, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4128531 "Mining a Mother Lode: Early European Travel Literature and the History of Precious Metalworking in Highland Ethiopia", ''History in Africa'', 31 (2004), p. 348]</ref>
-Abyssinian Greeks held many of the highest positions in the [[Abyssinian Empire]]; the principal Abyssinian Greek community stayed with the [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Abyssinian Emperor]] in the capital, Gondar.<ref name="jamesbruce">{{cite book |title=Travels Between the Years 1765-1773 ... Into Abyssinia ... Comprehending an Interesting Narrative of the Author's Adventures in Abyssinia ... Being the Substance of the Original Work. [With Engravings, Including a Portrait.]|author=James Bruce|publisher=J. & J. Cundee|year=1812|pages=46,47}}</ref> Emperor [[Tewodros II|Theodore II]] specifically made known that he favored the Abyssinian Greeks, because of their virility and integrity of character.<ref name="abbasalama">{{cite book |title=Abba Salama Volumes 1-2|publisher=University of California|year=1970|pages=54}}</ref>
+Abyssinian Greeks held many of the highest positions in the [[Abyssinian Empire]]; the principal Abyssinian Greek community stayed with the [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Abyssinian Emperor]] in the capital, Gondar.<ref name="jamesbruce">{{cite book |title=Travels Between the Years 1765-1773 ... Into Abyssinia ... Comprehending an Interesting Narrative of the Author's Adventures in Abyssinia ... Being the Substance of the Original Work. [With Engravings, Including a Portrait.]|author=James Bruce|publisher=J. & J. Cundee|year=1812|pages=46, 47}}</ref> Emperor [[Tewodros II|Theodore II]] specifically made known that he favored the Abyssinian Greeks, because of their virility and integrity of character.<ref name="abbasalama">{{cite book |title=Abba Salama Volumes 1-2|publisher=University of California|year=1970|pages=54}}</ref>
 ===Modern Ethiopian Greeks===
+{{greeks}}
 The Ethiopian Greek community saw its heyday in the early part of the 20th century with the establishment of the Holy Metropolis of Axum by the [[Patriarchate of Alexandria]] in 1908 and of the Greek organizations in Addis Ababa (1918) and Dire Dawa (1921).<ref name=gmfa>{{citation|url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Sub-Saharan+Africa/Bilateral+Relation/Ethiopia/|title=Bilateral Relations Between Greece And Ethiopia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|publication-place=Greece|access-date=2009-01-02|archive-date=2006-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715073645/http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Sub-Saharan+Africa/Bilateral+Relation/Ethiopia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In 1969, an Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies was formed. The Founder President of the Association was Greek Metropolitan Methodios Fouyas of Aksum and the Vice presidents were Rev. Fr. Dr. V.C. Samuel, Dean of the Faculty of Theology and Dr. P. Petrides of the French Academy of Science. The Very Rev. L.S. Babte Mariam Workeneh was the Secretary General and Nicolas Geoprgkas, President of the Greek Community in Addis Ababa was the Treasurer. H.I.H. Merid Asfa Wossen Crown Prince of Ethiopia was the Patron and H.B. Archbishop Theophilos of Harar and Acting Patriarch of Ethiopia was the Chairman. To promote the scholarly works concerning Ethiopia and Greece and their historical and ecclesiastical heritage and achievements the Year Book ABBA SLAMA was published from 1970 to 1976. <ref> ABBA SALAMA A review of the Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies Addis Ababa 1970.</ref>
+In 1969, an Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies was formed. The Founder President of the Association was Greek Metropolitan Methodios Fouyas of Aksum and the Vice presidents were Rev. Fr. Dr. V.C. Samuel, Dean of the Faculty of Theology and Dr. P. Petrides of the French Academy of Science. The Very Rev. L.S. Babte Mariam Workeneh was the Secretary General and Nicolas Geoprgkas, President of the Greek Community in Addis Ababa was the Treasurer. H.I.H. Merid Asfa Wossen Crown Prince of Ethiopia was the Patron and H.B. Archbishop Theophilos of Harar and Acting Patriarch of Ethiopia was the Chairman. To promote the scholarly works concerning Ethiopia and Greece and their historical and ecclesiastical heritage and achievements the Year Book ABBA SLAMA was published from 1970 to 1976.<ref>ABBA SALAMA A review of the Association of Ethio Hellenic Studies Addis Ababa 1970.</ref>
 In the post-war period the community grew to 3,000 persons. It suffered during the [[Ethiopian Civil War|revolution]] that overthrew [[Haile Selassie]] in 1974, when the hostility of the [[Derg]] towards all foreign communities drastically reduced its size to the current population of about 500.<ref name=gmfa/>
@@ Line 43: / Line 46: @@
 ==See also==
-{{greeks}}
 * [[Ethiopia–Greece relations]]
@@ Line 62: / Line 64: @@
 {{Immigration to Ethiopia}}
 {{Greek diaspora}}
 [[Category:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia]]
 [[Category:Greek diaspora by country|Ethiopia]]

v t e Greek diaspora (Omogenia)
Old Greek Diaspora	Asia Minor Greeks genocide population exchange pogrom expulsion massacre burning Egyptian Greeks expulsion Ukrainian Greeks evacuation Soviet Greeks deportation prison shootings
New Greek Diaspora	Greek Americans Boston Chicago New York City Greek Australians Melbourne Sydney Greek Canadians Toronto
Traditional areas of Greek settlement	Albania Bulgaria Caucasus Cyprus France Italy Malta North Macedonia Russia Turkey Ukraine
Europe	Austria Belgium Czechia Denmark France Germany Hungary Moldova Netherlands Poland Romania Serbia Sweden United Kingdom
Caucasus	Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
Central Asia	Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan
Middle East	Israel Lebanon Syria United Arab Emirates
Africa	D.R. Congo Ethiopia South Africa Sudan South Sudan Zimbabwe
Latin America	Argentina Bahamas Brazil Chile Mexico Uruguay Venezuela
Asia-Pacific	New Zealand Philippines
Hellenization Greek colonization Hellenistic world