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Coordinates: 33°38′N 35°47′E / 33.633°N 35.783°E / 33.633; 35.783
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{{Short description|Village in Lebanon}}
{{Infobox ancient site
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Joub Jannine
|name = Joub Jannine
|native_name = Joub Jannine City
|native_name = Joub Jannine, Lebanon
|alternate_name = Joub Jannine
|alternate_name = Jeb Jannine
|image =
|image =Joub Jannine from hillside.jpg
|alt =
|alt =
|caption =
|caption =Joub Jannine in 2016
|map_type = Lebanon
|map_type = Lebanon
|map_alt =
|map_alt =
|map_size = 200
|map_size = 280
|location =[[Beqaa Valley]], [[Lebanon]]
|location =[[Beqaa Valley]], [[Lebanon]]
|region =
|region =
|coordinates = {{coord|33.63|35.78|display=inline}}
|coordinates = {{coord|33.63|35.78|display=inline}}
|type =
|type =
|part_of = Settlement
|part_of = Beqaa District
|length =
|length =
|width =
|width =
Line 20: Line 21:
|builder =
|builder =
|material =
|material =
<!-- (invalid parameter) |population = 14,728 -->
|built =
|built =
|abandoned =
|abandoned =
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|website =
|website =
|notes =
|notes =
|image_size=280}}
}}
⚫
[[File:TrihedralNeolithic.jpg|thumb|[[Trihedral Neolithic]] [[axe]] or pick from Joub Jannine II, Lebanon. Cream [[flint]] patinated to brown. In the collection of the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]], [[Beirut]], Lebanon.]]
[[File:Joub jeneen.jpg|thumb|Joub Jannine. January 2015. Refugee camps in foreground.]]
[[File:Joub Jannine July 2016.jpg|thumb|A view of the Beqaa Valley from residential Joub Jannine (taken July 2016)|alt=]][[File:Joub jeneen.jpg|thumb|Joub Jannine. January 2015. .]]'''Joub Jannine''' ({{Langx|ar|جب جنين}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''Jub Jannīn'') is a city located in the [[Beqaa Valley]] in [[Lebanon]].
⚫
[[File:TrihedralNeolithic.jpg|thumb|[[Trihedral Neolithic]] [[axe]] or pick from [[Joub Jannine II]], Lebanon. Cream [[flint]] patinated to brown. In the collection of the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]], [[Beirut]], Lebanon.]]
'''Joub Jannine''' ({{Lang-ar|جب جنين}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''Jub Jannīn'') is located in the [[Beqaa Valley]] in [[Lebanon]].


Joub Jannine is the captial of West Beqaa. It is a city and center of the [[Western Beqaa District]], hosting the [[Grand Serail|Serail]], which is a main governmental building serving the area. Joub Jannine is surrounded by a number of villages. To the south there is the village of Lala, Ghazze to the north, [[Kamid al lawz]] to the east, and [[Kefraya]], known for its [[Grape|wine grape]] [[vineyard]]s, to the west.<ref name="Joseph2006">{{cite book|author=Robert Joseph|title=Wine Travel Guide to the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8G5aWddvUh4C&pg=PA346|accessdate=30 April 2011|date=1 December 2006|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-904777-85-4|pages=346–}}</ref>
Joub Jannine serves as the capital of West Beqaa and it is the center of the [[Western Beqaa District]], hosting the [[Grand Serail|Serail]], which is a main governmental building serving the entire area. Joub Jannine is the largest and most populated town in its district with a population of 14,728. All of the county's major banks can be found in Joub Jannine as well as a trades college, Amusement Park, indoor/outdoor soccer arena, basketball court and the weekly [[Bazaar|Souk]] which takes place every Saturday and is a local produce market.


Joub Jannine is surrounded by a number of villages. To the south there is the village of Lala, Ghazze to the north, [[Kamid al lawz]] to the east, and [[Kefraya]], known for its [[Grape|wine grape]] [[vineyard]]s, to the west.<ref name="Joseph2006">{{cite book|author=Robert Joseph|title=Wine Travel Guide to the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8G5aWddvUh4C&pg=PA346|access-date=30 April 2011|date=1 December 2006|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-904777-85-4|pages=346–}}</ref>

==History==
In 1838, [[Eli Smith]] noted ''Jubb Jenin'' as a [[Sunni Muslim]] village in the [[Beqaa Valley]].<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/142/mode/1up 142]</ref>
==Archaeological sites==
==Archaeological sites==
'''Joub Jannine I''' is a small surface site brought to the surface through erosional activity of a stream. It is 8&nbsp;km northeast of Qaraoun in a range of foothills, 1&nbsp;km north of a small village called [[Jebel Gharbi]], between two tracks, west of cote 878 by about 200 m. The site was found by Dubertret with a collection made by [[Henri Fleisch]] and [[Maurice Tallon]] that is now in the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]]. [[Flint]] tools found on the site included bifaces and rough pieces that were suggested to date to the [[Acheulean]].<ref name="CopelandWescombe1966">{{cite book|author1=L. Copeland|author2=P. Wescombe|title=Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 34-35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhPRQwAACAAJ|accessdate=29 August 2011|year=1966|publisher=Impr. Catholique}}</ref><ref name="WendorfMarks1975">{{cite book|author1=Fred Wendorf|author2=Anthony E. Marks|title=Problems in prehistory: North Africa and the Levant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2krJIQ1fwcEC|accessdate=30 April 2011|year=1975|publisher=SMU Press|isbn=978-0-87074-146-3}}</ref><ref>Besançon, J. et Hours, F., Préhistoire et géomorphologie : les formes du relief et les dépôts quaternaires dans la région de Joub Jannine (Béqaa méridionale, Liban). Hannon, Beyrouth, vol. V, p. 63-95, 1970</ref>
'''Joub Jannine I''' is a small surface site brought to the surface through erosional activity of a stream. It is 8&nbsp;km northeast of Qaraoun in a range of foothills, 1&nbsp;km north of a small village called [[Jebel Gharbi]], between two tracks, west of cote 878 by about 200 m. The site was found by Dubertret with a collection made by [[Henri Fleisch]] and [[Maurice Tallon]] that is now in the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]]. [[Flint]] tools found on the site included bifaces and rough pieces that were suggested to date to the [[Acheulean]].<ref name="CopelandWescombe1966">{{cite book|author1=L. Copeland|author2=P. Wescombe|title=Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 34-35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhPRQwAACAAJ|access-date=29 August 2011|year=1966|publisher=Impr. Catholique}}</ref><ref name="WendorfMarks1975">{{cite book|author1=Fred Wendorf|author2=Anthony E. Marks|title=Problems in prehistory: North Africa and the Levant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2krJIQ1fwcEC|access-date=30 April 2011|year=1975|publisher=SMU Press|isbn=978-0-87074-146-3}}</ref><ref>Besançon, J. et Hours, F., Préhistoire et géomorphologie : les formes du relief et les dépôts quaternaires dans la région de Joub Jannine (Béqaa méridionale, Liban). Hannon, Beyrouth, vol. V, p. 63-95, 1970</ref>


'''Joub Jannine II''' was first discovered by M. Billaux in 1957. It was described by [[Henri Fleisch]] as [[Neolithic]] in 1960.<ref name="Fleisch1960">Fleisch, Henri., Les industries lithiques récentes de la Békaa, République Libanaise, Acts of the 6th C.I.S.E.A., vol. XI, no. 1. Paris, 1960.</ref> It is located on the right bank of the [[Litani River]] northwest of the village, 100 m from the river and 100 m east of cote 861. An abundant amount of flint was collected including nine hundred and forty four tools and one hundred and fifty two cores.<ref name="WendorfMarks1975"/><ref name="PetragliaKorisettar1998">{{cite book|author1=Michael D. Petraglia|author2=Ravi Korisettar|title=Early human behaviour in global context: the rise and diversity of the Lower Paleolithic Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPuer9Hnf5wC&pg=PA254|accessdate=30 April 2011|year=1998|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-11763-0|pages=254–}}</ref> This was first reported to be a [[paleolithic]] industry by [[Lorraine Copeland]] and Peter Wescombe.<ref name="Hours1989">{{cite book|author=Francis Hours|title=Hommage à Francis Hours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIwSAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=30 April 2011|year=1989|publisher=Maison de l'Orient}}</ref> A highly specialized [[archaeological industry]] of striking spheroid and trihedral [[flint tools]] was found at the site and published by Fleisch in 1960, termed by Copeland and Wescombe as the [[Trihedral Neolithic]].<ref name="Fleisch1960"/> Little has been said about this industry or the ancient people that would have used these huge rock mauls (i.e. hammers) in this area, at the dawn of [[agriculture]], or what they would have been using them for.<ref name="CopelandWescombe1965">{{cite book|author1=Lorraine Copeland|author2=P. Wescombe|title=Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YsRRwAACAAJ|accessdate=21 July 2011|year=1965|publisher=Imprimerie Catholique}}</ref>
'''Joub Jannine II''' was first discovered by M. Billaux in 1957. It was described by [[Henri Fleisch]] as [[Neolithic]] in 1960.<ref name="Fleisch1960">Fleisch, Henri., Les industries lithiques récentes de la Békaa, République Libanaise, Acts of the 6th C.I.S.E.A., vol. XI, no. 1. Paris, 1960.</ref> It is located on the right bank of the [[Litani River]] northwest of the village, 100 m from the river and 100 m east of cote 861. An abundant amount of flint was collected including nine hundred and forty four tools and one hundred and fifty two cores.<ref name="WendorfMarks1975" /><ref name="PetragliaKorisettar1998">{{cite book|author1=Michael D. Petraglia|author2=Ravi Korisettar|title=Early human behaviour in global context: the rise and diversity of the Lower Paleolithic Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPuer9Hnf5wC&pg=PA254|access-date=30 April 2011|year=1998|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-11763-0|pages=254–}}</ref> This was first reported to be a [[paleolithic]] industry by [[Lorraine Copeland]] and Peter Wescombe.<ref name="Hours1989">{{cite book|author=Francis Hours|title=Hommage à Francis Hours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIwSAQAAIAAJ|access-date=30 April 2011|year=1989|publisher=Maison de l'Orient}}</ref> A highly specialized [[archaeological industry]] of striking spheroid and trihedral [[flint tools]] was found at the site and published by Fleisch in 1960, termed by Copeland and Wescombe as the [[Trihedral Neolithic]].<ref name="Fleisch1960" /> Little has been said about this industry or the ancient people that would have used these huge rock mauls (i.e. hammers) in this area, at the dawn of [[agriculture]], or what they would have been using them for.<ref name="CopelandWescombe1965">{{cite book|author1=Lorraine Copeland|author2=P. Wescombe|title=Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YsRRwAACAAJ|archive-url=https://archive.today/20111224033744/http://books.google.com/books?id=6YsRRwAACAAJ|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 24, 2011|access-date=21 July 2011|year=1965|publisher=Imprimerie Catholique}}</ref>


The material from Joub Jannine II was described by [[Lorraine Copeland]] as {{cquote|''Unique in Lebanon, except for isolated pieces at other sites, and consists of core-tools evidently made for a special purpose. (see Trihedral lithic pictured)''<ref name="CopelandWescombe1966"/>}}
The material from Joub Jannine II was described by [[Lorraine Copeland]] as {{cquote
|''Unique in Lebanon, except for isolated pieces at other sites, and consists of core-tools evidently made for a special purpose. (see Trihedral lithic pictured)''<ref name="CopelandWescombe1966"/>}}


'''Joub Jannine III''' (The Gardens) is a [[Heavy Neolithic]] site of the [[Qaraoun culture]], {{convert|1.5|km|mi}} south of the village along steep slopes and around the houses. It was discovered by [[Henri Fleisch]] and [[Maurice Tallon]] in 1957. An abundant amount of material was recovered, which included several large flakes and blades along with a finer series of rabots and scrapers that is now held in the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]]. No large bifaces were found at this site. The site may extend through the areas now turned into gardens. It was covered in [[crops]] in 1966.<ref name="Moore">{{cite book|last=Moore|first=A.M.T.|title=The Neolithic of the Levant|publisher=Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis|year=1978|pages=444–446|url=http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/185.html}}</ref>
'''Joub Jannine III''' (The Gardens) is a [[Heavy Neolithic]] site of the [[Qaraoun culture]], {{convert|1.5|km|mi}} south of the village along steep slopes and around the houses. It was discovered by [[Henri Fleisch]] and [[Maurice Tallon]] in 1957. An abundant amount of material was recovered, which included several large flakes and blades along with a finer series of rabots and scrapers that is now held in the [[Museum of Lebanese Prehistory]] at the [[Saint Joseph University]]. No large bifaces were found at this site. The site may extend through the areas now turned into gardens. It was covered in [[crops]] in 1966.<ref name="Moore">{{cite book|last=Moore|first=A.M.T.|title=The Neolithic of the Levant|publisher=Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis|year=1978|pages=444–446|url=http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/185.html}}</ref>




==Tourism==
==Landmarks==
Joub Jannine is home to one of the oldest bridges in Lebanon, the Roman Bridge of Joub Jannine, built in 704. The bridge collapsed in 1943, but was rebuilt with the same rocks. It is located at the entrance of Joub Jannine on Joub Jannine-Chtoura Rd.

[[File:Old Bridge of Joub Jannine.jpg|none|thumb|365x365px|Roman Bridge of Joub Jannine after reconstruction]]
Joub Jannine is not really known for its tourism but it has one of the oldest bridges in lebanon called The Roman Bridge of Joub Jannine. It was made in 704 AD . Sadly in 1943 the bridge collapsed


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Western Beqaa District}}
{{Western Beqaa District}}
{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}
{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
[[Category:Populated places in Western Beqaa District]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon]]


[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
[[Category:Great Rift Valley]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]
⚫
[[Category:Populated places in Western Beqaa District]]
[[Category:Beqaa Valley]]
[[Category:Beqaa Valley]]
[[Category:Trihedral Neolithic sites]]
[[Category:Trihedral Neolithic sites]]

Latest revision as of 18:36, 23 October 2024

Joub Jannine
Joub Jannine, Lebanon
Joub Jannine in 2016
Joub Jannine is located in Lebanon
Joub Jannine
Shown within Lebanon
Alternative nameJeb Jannine
LocationBeqaa Valley, Lebanon
Coordinates33°38′N 35°47′E / 33.63°N 35.78°E / 33.63; 35.78
Part ofBeqaa District
History
PeriodsTrihedral Neolithic, Heavy Neolithic, Neolithic
Site notes
ArchaeologistsHenri Fleisch
Conditionruins
Public accessYes
Trihedral Neolithic axe or pick from Joub Jannine II, Lebanon. Cream flint patinated to brown. In the collection of the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
A view of the Beqaa Valley from residential Joub Jannine (taken July 2016)
Joub Jannine. January 2015. .

Joub Jannine (Arabic: جب جنين / ALA-LC: Jub Jannīn) is a city located in the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon.

Joub Jannine serves as the capital of West Beqaa and it is the center of the Western Beqaa District, hosting the Serail, which is a main governmental building serving the entire area. Joub Jannine is the largest and most populated town in its district with a population of 14,728. All of the county's major banks can be found in Joub Jannine as well as a trades college, Amusement Park, indoor/outdoor soccer arena, basketball court and the weekly Souk which takes place every Saturday and is a local produce market.

Joub Jannine is surrounded by a number of villages. To the south there is the village of Lala, Ghazze to the north, Kamid al lawz to the east, and Kefraya, known for its wine grape vineyards, to the west.[1]

History

[edit]

In 1838, Eli Smith noted Jubb Jenin as a Sunni Muslim village in the Beqaa Valley.[2]

Archaeological sites

[edit]

Joub Jannine I is a small surface site brought to the surface through erosional activity of a stream. It is 8 km northeast of Qaraoun in a range of foothills, 1 km north of a small village called Jebel Gharbi, between two tracks, west of cote 878 by about 200 m. The site was found by Dubertret with a collection made by Henri Fleisch and Maurice Tallon that is now in the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University. Flint tools found on the site included bifaces and rough pieces that were suggested to date to the Acheulean.[3][4][5]

Joub Jannine II was first discovered by M. Billaux in 1957. It was described by Henri Fleisch as Neolithic in 1960.[6] It is located on the right bank of the Litani River northwest of the village, 100 m from the river and 100 m east of cote 861. An abundant amount of flint was collected including nine hundred and forty four tools and one hundred and fifty two cores.[4][7] This was first reported to be a paleolithic industry by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe.[8] A highly specialized archaeological industry of striking spheroid and trihedral flint tools was found at the site and published by Fleisch in 1960, termed by Copeland and Wescombe as the Trihedral Neolithic.[6] Little has been said about this industry or the ancient people that would have used these huge rock mauls (i.e. hammers) in this area, at the dawn of agriculture, or what they would have been using them for.[9]

The material from Joub Jannine II was described by Lorraine Copeland as

Unique in Lebanon, except for isolated pieces at other sites, and consists of core-tools evidently made for a special purpose. (see Trihedral lithic pictured)[3]

Joub Jannine III (The Gardens) is a Heavy Neolithic site of the Qaraoun culture, 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) south of the village along steep slopes and around the houses. It was discovered by Henri Fleisch and Maurice Tallon in 1957. An abundant amount of material was recovered, which included several large flakes and blades along with a finer series of rabots and scrapers that is now held in the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University. No large bifaces were found at this site. The site may extend through the areas now turned into gardens. It was covered in crops in 1966.[10]


Landmarks

[edit]

Joub Jannine is home to one of the oldest bridges in Lebanon, the Roman Bridge of Joub Jannine, built in 704. The bridge collapsed in 1943, but was rebuilt with the same rocks. It is located at the entrance of Joub Jannine on Joub Jannine-Chtoura Rd.

Roman Bridge of Joub Jannine after reconstruction

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Robert Joseph (1 December 2006). Wine Travel Guide to the World. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 346–. ISBN 978-1-904777-85-4. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  2. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 142
  3. ^ a b L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 34-35. Impr. Catholique. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  4. ^ a b Fred Wendorf; Anthony E. Marks (1975). Problems in prehistory: North Africa and the Levant. SMU Press. ISBN 978-0-87074-146-3. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  5. ^ Besançon, J. et Hours, F., Préhistoire et géomorphologie : les formes du relief et les dépôts quaternaires dans la région de Joub Jannine (Béqaa méridionale, Liban). Hannon, Beyrouth, vol. V, p. 63-95, 1970
  6. ^ a b Fleisch, Henri., Les industries lithiques récentes de la Békaa, République Libanaise, Acts of the 6th C.I.S.E.A., vol. XI, no. 1. Paris, 1960.
  7. ^ Michael D. Petraglia; Ravi Korisettar (1998). Early human behaviour in global context: the rise and diversity of the Lower Paleolithic Period. Routledge. pp. 254–. ISBN 978-0-415-11763-0. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  8. ^ Francis Hours (1989). Hommage à Francis Hours. Maison de l'Orient. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  9. ^ Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 43. Imprimerie Catholique. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  10. ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 444–446.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]

33°38′N 35°47′E / 33.633°N 35.783°E / 33.633; 35.783

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