Jump to content

Rychvald: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 49°51′58″N 18°22′35″E / 49.86611°N 18.37639°E / 49.86611; 18.37639
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 2);
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{redirect|Reichwaldau|the village in Poland|Rzeszówek, Lower Silesian Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rychvald
| name = Rychvald
| native_name =
| other_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline = Rychvald, The Czechoslovak Hussite Church.jpg
| image_skyline = Rychvald - Náměstí Míru (1).jpg
| image_caption = The Czechoslovak Hussite Church
| image_caption = Town square
| image_flag = Rychvald flag.svg
| image_flag = Rychvald flag.svg
| image_shield = Rychvald CoA.svg
| image_shield = Rychvald CoA.svg
| etymology =
<!-- location -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
Line 23: Line 22:
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates = {{coord|49|51|37|N|18|22|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|49|51|58|N|18|22|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Milan Starostka
| leader_name = Dagmar Pížová
| leader_party = [[ANO 2011|ANO]]
<!-- established -->
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_title = First mentioned
Line 38: Line 38:
| elevation_m = 220
| elevation_m = 220
<!-- population -->
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of = 2020-01-01<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2019|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2020-04-30}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 7783
| population_total = 7536
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
<!-- time zone(s) -->
Line 53: Line 53:
| area_code =
| area_code =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{URL|http://www.rychvald.cz/}}
| website = {{URL|https://rychvald.cz/}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
{{Audio|Rychvald.ogg|'''Rychvald'''}} ({{lang-pl|{{Audio-nohelp|Pl-Rychwałd.ogg|Rychwałd}}}}, {{lang-de|Reichwaldau}}) is a town in the [[Karviná District]] in the [[Moravian-Silesian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has a population of about 7,500. It lies in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]].
'''Rychvald''' ({{langx|pl|{{Audio-nohelp|Pl-Rychwałd.ogg|Rychwałd}}}}, {{langx|de|Reichwaldau}}) is a town in [[Karviná District]] in the [[Moravian-Silesian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 7,800 inhabitants.

==Geography==
Rychvald is located northeast of [[Ostrava]], in its immediate vicinity. It is urbanistically merged with Ostrava-Michálkovice. It lies in the [[Ostrava Basin]] lowland, in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]]. The territory is rich in fishponds.


==History==
==History==
{{stack|[[File:Zámek Rychvald 03.jpg|thumb|Starý Dvůr Castle]]}}
The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from around 1305 as ''item in '''Richinwalde''' XL) mansi''.<ref>Hosák et al. 1980, 405.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Panic|first=Idzi|author-link=Idzi Panic|title=Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528)|trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)|publisher=Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie |year=2010|location=Cieszyn|pages=297–299|language=pl|isbn=978-83-926929-3-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Wilhelm |last=Schulte|author-link=Wilhelm Schulte|title=Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis|place=Breslau|year=1889|url=http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=19747&from=publication|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html|title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |accessdate=13 July 2014|language=la}}</ref> It meant that the village was supposed to pay [[tithe]] from 40 [[Łan|greater lans]]. The ''walde'' (German for ''a wood'') ending of its name indicates that the primordial settlers were of [[Germans|German]] origins. The village could have been founded by Benedictine monks from an [[Orlová monastery|Orlová abbey]]<ref>I. Panic, 2010, p. 430</ref> and also it could a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as [[Upper Silesia]].
The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from 1305 as ''Richinwalde''. The village could have been founded during the colonization by Benedictine monks from the [[Orlová monastery]], probably at the end of the 13th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Panic|first=Idzi|author-link=Idzi Panic|title=Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528)|trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)|url=https://cieszynskie.travel/lfm/files/3/Historia/Ducat2_2.pdf|publisher=Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie|location=Cieszyn|pages=297–299, 430|language=pl|isbn=978-83-935147-8-6|date=2015}}</ref><ref name=about>{{cite web |title=O Rychvaldu|url=https://rychvald.cz/o-rychvaldu/|publisher=Město Rychvald|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-11}}</ref>


Politically the village belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], formed in 1290 in the process of [[History of Poland#Fragmentation|feudal fragmentation of Poland]] and was ruled by a local branch of [[Piast dynasty]]. In 1327 the duchy became a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]].
Politically the village belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], formed in 1290 in the process of [[History of Poland#Fragmentation|feudal fragmentation of Poland]] and was ruled by a local branch of [[Piast dynasty]]. In 1327 the duchy became a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg monarchy]].


The village became a seat of a Catholic [[parish]], mentioned in the register of [[Peter's Pence]] payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen [[deacon]]ry as '''''Reychenwald'''''.<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti|journal= Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens|publisher= H. Markgraf|publicationplace=Breslau|volume= 27|year = 1893| issue= |pages= 361–372|url = http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=15085&from=publication| accessdate=21 July 2014|language=de}}</ref> It is now served by the Saint Anne Church.
The village became a seat of a Catholic [[parish]], mentioned in the register of [[Peter's Pence]] payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen [[deacon]]ry as ''Reychenwald''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti|journal=Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens|publisher=H. Markgraf|publication-place=Breslau|volume=27|year=1893|pages=361–370|url=http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=15085&from=publication|access-date=21 July 2014|language=de}}</ref>


In 1573, a part of the Duchy of Tetschen with Rychvald was sold to the Barský of Bašť family. Bernard Barský of Bašť had built a Renaissance castle here in 1575–1577 and chose Rychvald as his family seat. The family owned Rychvald until 1630, then several aristocratic families passed into his ownership. From the mid-18th century to 1898, it was in possession of the Moennich and the Larisch von Moennich family, who were its most notable owners. During their rule, the castle was gradually modified and reconstructed.<ref name=amhz>{{cite web |title=Zámek Rychvald – Starý Dvůr|url=https://www.amhz.cz/essential_grid/zamek-rychvald-stary-dvur/|publisher=Asociace majitelů hradů a zámků|language=cs|access-date=2022-02-11}}</ref>
⚫
After [[World War I]], fall of [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, it became a part of [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)|Czechoslovakia]]. Following the [[Munich Agreement]], in October 1938 together with the [[Zaolzie]] region it was annexed by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], administratively organised in [[Frysztat County]] of [[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)|Silesian Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego |journal= Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=nr 18/1938, poz. 35 |date = 31 October 1938|publicationplace=Katowice|url= http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|accessdate=1 July 2014|language=pl}}</ref> It was then annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. After the war it was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]].


For centuries, Rychvald was an agricultural village. In the 19th century, the region saw a boom in coal mining and the character of the village began to change.<ref name=about/>
In 1985 Rychvald became a town.


⚫
After [[World War I]], [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, it became a part of [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)|Czechoslovakia]]. Following the [[Munich Agreement]], in October 1938 together with the [[Trans-Olza]] region it was annexed by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], administratively organised in [[Frysztat County]] of [[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)|Silesian Voivodeship]].<ref>{{cite journal |title= Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego|journal=Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich|volume=18/1938, poz. 35|date=31 October 1938|publication-place=Katowice|url=http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=6949|access-date=1 July 2014|language=pl}}</ref> It was then annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. After the war it was restored to [[Czechoslovakia]].
⚫
==Notable people==
⚫
*[[Přemysl Kočí]] (1917–2003), opera singer, actor, music educator, stage director and theatre manager


In 1935, Rychvald was promoted to a [[Městys|market town]]. In 1985 Rychvald became a town.<ref name=about/>
==See also==

*[[Polish minority in the Czech Republic]]
==Demographics==
*[[Zaolzie]]
As of census 2021, the previously numerous [[Polish minority in the Czech Republic|Polish minority]] made up only 1.3% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by selected ethnicity|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4293&katalog=33522&pvo=SLD210082-OB-OK&evo=v133_!_SLD21F1008-H2_1|work=Public database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>

{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|2277
|1880|2603
|1890|3149
|1900|4556
|1910|6163
|1921|6406
|1930|7190
|1950|5963
|1961|6610
|1970|7051
|1980|7149
|1991|6645
|2001|6769
|2011|7093
|2021|7456
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Transport==
There are no major roads passing through the municipality. The railway that runs through the territory is not used for passenger transport.

==Sights==
[[File:CZE Rychvald, kostel svaté Anny 2.jpg|thumb|160px|Church of Saint Anne]]
The Starý Dvůr Castle is the oldest building in Rychvald, protected as a cultural monument since 1982. Today it is in private ownership and inaccessible.<ref name=amhz/>

The second oldest building is the Church of Saint Anne from 1595.<ref name=about/>

⚫
==Notable people==
⚫
*[[Přemysl Kočí]] (1917–2003), opera singer, actor and stage director


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | last=Hosák | first=Ladislav |author2=Rudolf Šrámek | title=Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku II, M-Ž | publisher=Academia | year=1980 | location=Praha}}
* {{cite book | last=Londzin | first=Józef | title=Kościoły drewniane na Śląsku Cieszyńskim | publisher=Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra | year=1932 | location=Cieszyn | pages=291–296 | url=http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=10927&from=&dirids=110&ver_id=592382&lp=1&QI=1E9A46D2674AA878F51B05D5968295F1-12 | oclc=297540848}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Rychvald}}
{{commons category|Rychvald}}
*{{in lang|cs}} [http://www.rychvald.cz/ Official website]
*{{official|https://rychvald.cz/}}


{{Karviná District}}
{{Karviná District}}
Line 93: Line 126:
[[Category:Populated places in Karviná District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Karviná District]]
[[Category:Cieszyn Silesia]]
[[Category:Cieszyn Silesia]]


{{MoraviaSilesia-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:20, 23 October 2024

"Reichwaldau" redirects here. For the village in Poland, see Rzeszówek, Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
Rychvald
Town
Town square
Town square
Flag of Rychvald
Flag
Coat of arms of Rychvald
Coat of arms
Rychvald is located in Czech Republic
Rychvald
Rychvald
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°51′58″N 18°22′35″E / 49.86611°N 18.37639°E / 49.86611; 18.37639
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictKarviná
First mentioned1305
Government
 • MayorDagmar Pížová (ANO)
Area
 • Total
17.02 km2 (6.57 sq mi)
Elevation
220 m (720 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
7,783
 • Density460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
735 32
Websiterychvald.cz

Rychvald (Polish: Rychwałdⓘ, German: Reichwaldau) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,800 inhabitants.

Geography

[edit]

Rychvald is located northeast of Ostrava, in its immediate vicinity. It is urbanistically merged with Ostrava-Michálkovice. It lies in the Ostrava Basin lowland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The territory is rich in fishponds.

History

[edit]
Starý Dvůr Castle

The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from 1305 as Richinwalde. The village could have been founded during the colonization by Benedictine monks from the Orlová monastery, probably at the end of the 13th century.[2][3]

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen deaconry as Reychenwald.[4]

In 1573, a part of the Duchy of Tetschen with Rychvald was sold to the Barský of Bašť family. Bernard Barský of Bašť had built a Renaissance castle here in 1575–1577 and chose Rychvald as his family seat. The family owned Rychvald until 1630, then several aristocratic families passed into his ownership. From the mid-18th century to 1898, it was in possession of the Moennich and the Larisch von Moennich family, who were its most notable owners. During their rule, the castle was gradually modified and reconstructed.[5]

For centuries, Rychvald was an agricultural village. In the 19th century, the region saw a boom in coal mining and the character of the village began to change.[3]

After World War I, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[6] It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

In 1935, Rychvald was promoted to a market town. In 1985 Rychvald became a town.[3]

Demographics

[edit]

As of census 2021, the previously numerous Polish minority made up only 1.3% of the population.[7]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18692,277—    
18802,603+14.3%
18903,149+21.0%
19004,556+44.7%
19106,163+35.3%
YearPop.±%
19216,406+3.9%
19307,190+12.2%
19505,963−17.1%
19616,610+10.9%
19707,051+6.7%
YearPop.±%
19807,149+1.4%
19916,645−7.0%
20016,769+1.9%
20117,093+4.8%
20217,456+5.1%
Source: Censuses[8][9]

Transport

[edit]

There are no major roads passing through the municipality. The railway that runs through the territory is not used for passenger transport.

Sights

[edit]
Church of Saint Anne

The Starý Dvůr Castle is the oldest building in Rychvald, protected as a cultural monument since 1982. Today it is in private ownership and inaccessible.[5]

The second oldest building is the Church of Saint Anne from 1595.[3]

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ Panic, Idzi (2015). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (PDF) (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 297–299, 430. ISBN 978-83-935147-8-6.
  3. ^ a b c d "O Rychvaldu" (in Czech). Město Rychvald. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
  4. ^ "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–370. 1893. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Zámek Rychvald – Starý Dvůr" (in Czech). Asociace majitelů hradů a zámků. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
  6. ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). 18/1938, poz. 35. Katowice. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  7. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by selected ethnicity". Public database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  8. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  9. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rychvald.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rychvald&oldid=1252982652"