Slavkov u Brna: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Town in South Moravian Region, Czech Republic}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Slavkov u Brna |
| name = Slavkov u Brna |
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| other_name = |
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| other_name = Austerlitz (in German) |
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| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]] |
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]] |
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<!-- images |
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| image_skyline = DSCN0979 (5864465448).jpg |
| image_skyline = DSCN0979 (5864465448).jpg |
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| image_caption = Aerial view |
| image_caption = Aerial view |
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| image_flag = Slavkov u Brna CZ flag hires.svg |
| image_flag = Slavkov u Brna CZ flag hires.svg |
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| image_shield = Slavkov u Brna znak hires.svg |
| image_shield = Slavkov u Brna znak hires.svg |
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| etymology = |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| elevation_m = 211 |
| elevation_m = 211 |
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<!-- population --> |
<!-- population --> |
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| population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January |
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref> |
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| population_total = |
| population_total = 7169 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| website = {{URL| |
| website = {{URL|https://www.slavkov.cz/}} |
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}} |
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'''Slavkov u Brna''' ({{IPA |
'''Slavkov u Brna''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈslafkof ˈu br̩na}}; {{langx|de|Austerlitz}}) is a town in [[Vyškov District]] in the [[South Moravian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 7,200 inhabitants. The town gave its name to the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], which took place several kilometres west of the town. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones|urban monument zone]]. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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The German name ''Austerlitz'' is derived from Latin ''Nova sedes'' (i.e. " |
The German name ''Austerlitz'' (and the former Czech name ''Novosedlice'') is derived from Latin ''Nova sedes'' (i.e. "new settlement"), which has gradually evolved over history through the names ''Novosedeliz'' (1237), ''Nausedlicz'' (1322), ''Neusserlicz'' (1343), ''Nausterlitz'' (1460) and ''Austerlitz'' (1611). The current Czech name ''Slavkov'' is derived from Slávek (colloquial name of Bohuslav), who probably owned a manor house here. This name was first documented in 1361. In 1918, Slavkov was renamed Slavkov u Brna ("Slavkov near [[Brno]]") to distinguish from other places with the same name.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie města|url=https://www.slavkov.cz/turismus/historie-mesta/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
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Slavkov u Brna is located about {{convert|16|km|0}} east of [[Brno]]. It is situated on the border of three geomorphological regions: the northeastern part of the municipal territory lies in the [[Litenčice Hills]], the northwestern part lies in the [[Dyje–Svratka Valley]] and the southern part extends into the [[Ždánice Forest]]. The highest point is the hill Urban at {{convert|361|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The [[Litava (river)|Litava]] River flows through the town. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Slavkov u Brna - Castle.jpg|thumb|Slavkov Castle]] |
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At the end of the 12th century, Margrave [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]] gave the area to the [[Teutonic Order]]. The first written mention of Slavkov is from 1237 in a deed of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia|Wenceslaus I]]. It was |
At the end of the 12th century, Margrave [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]] gave the area to the [[Teutonic Order]]. The first written mention of Slavkov is from 1237 in a deed of [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia|Wenceslaus I]]. It was originally a market village with a fortified stronghold and a church, located at the crossroads of trade routes. The Teutonic Order founded a [[commandery]] here.<ref name=history/> |
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From 1396 to 1407, Slavkov was held by [[Jobst of Moravia]]. In 1407, it was returned to the Teutonic Order, but after the defeat of the Order in the [[Battle of Grunwald]], Slavkov was confiscated from them in 1411.<ref name=history/> |
From 1396 to 1407, Slavkov was held by [[Jobst of Moravia]]. In 1407, it was returned to the Teutonic Order, but after the defeat of the Order in the [[Battle of Grunwald]], Slavkov was confiscated from them in 1411.<ref name=history/> |
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The town often changed owners until 1509, when the noble family of Kaunitz assumed control for more than 400 years. They made it the main seat of the family.<ref>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/en/history/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
The town often changed owners until 1509, when the noble family of Kaunitz assumed control for more than 400 years. They made it the main seat of the family.<ref>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/en/history/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
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{{historical populations |
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|align=none|cols=3 |
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|1869|3305 |
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|1880|3487 |
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|1890|3919 |
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|1900|3703 |
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|1910|4123 |
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|1921|4231 |
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|1930|4554 |
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|1950|4445 |
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|1961|4747 |
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|1970|5001 |
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|1980|5609 |
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|1991|5890 |
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|2001|5881 |
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|2011|6207 |
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|2021|7073 |
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|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}} |
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==Transport== |
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The I/50 road (part of the [[European route E50]]), which connects the [[D1 motorway (Czech Republic)|D1 motorway]] near Brno with [[Uherské Hradiště]] and the Czech-Slovak border, passes through the town. |
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Slavkov u Brna is located on the railway line Brno–Uherské Hradiště.<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Slavkov u Brna|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/slavkov-u-brna/5436105|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2023-11-02}}</ref> |
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==Sights== |
==Sights== |
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On the site of the old fortress was built a Renaissance residence at the end of the 16th century. The [[Slavkov Castle]] was rebuilt to the current Baroque form by Italian architect [[Domenico Martinelli]] in the 1680s.<ref name=castle>{{cite web |title=Architektura|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/o-zamku/architektura/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> It belongs to the oldest preserved noble residences in [[Moravia]]. In its historic salon, an armistice was signed between Austria and France after the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] on 2 December 1805. There is a small museum and a multimedia presentation about the battle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zámek Slavkov – Austerlitz – panské sídlo rodu Kouniců|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/zamek-slavkov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> The castle includes a [[French formal garden]], part of which was simplified into an English park.<ref name=castle/> |
On the site of the old fortress was built a Renaissance residence at the end of the 16th century. The [[Slavkov Castle]] was rebuilt to the current Baroque form by Italian architect [[Domenico Martinelli]] in the 1680s.<ref name=castle>{{cite web |title=Architektura|url=https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/o-zamku/architektura/|publisher=Slavkov Castle|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> It belongs to the oldest preserved noble residences in [[Moravia]]. In its historic salon, an armistice was signed between Austria and France after the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] on 2 December 1805. There is a small museum and a multimedia presentation about the battle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zámek Slavkov – Austerlitz – panské sídlo rodu Kouniců|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/zamek-slavkov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> The castle includes a [[French formal garden]], part of which was simplified into an English park.<ref name=castle/> |
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The landmarks of the town square are |
The landmarks of the town square are the late Renaissance town hall from 1592 and a mansion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palackého náměstí|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/palackeho-namesti/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> Remains of the town walls from the 14th and 15th centuries have been preserved to this day. They are about {{convert|4|m|ft}} high.<ref>{{cite web |title=Městské opevnění|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/mestske-opevneni/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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The parish Church of the Resurrection of the Lord is a late Baroque and Neoclassical building |
The parish Church of the Resurrection of the Lord is a late Baroque and Neoclassical building, built in 1786–1789. It has three pulpits. The church was designed by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel Vzkříšení Páně|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kostel-vzkriseni-pane/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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The cemetery Chapel of Saint John the Baptist is located on the site of a hospital from the 13th century. Its current appearance is from 1743. Beneath the church is a vault with the Kaunitz family tomb.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Jana Křtitele "na Špitálce"|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kaple-sv-jana-krtitele-na-spitalce/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
The cemetery Chapel of Saint John the Baptist is located on the site of a hospital from the 13th century. Its current appearance is from 1743. Beneath the church is a vault with the Kaunitz family tomb.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Jana Křtitele "na Špitálce"|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kaple-sv-jana-krtitele-na-spitalce/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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Chapel of Saint Urban on the Urban |
Chapel of Saint Urban on the Urban Hill was built by design of Domenico Martinelli in 1712. It was badly damaged during the Battle of Austerlitz and had to be rebuilt in 1858–1861.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaple sv. Urbana|url=https://www.slavkovak.cz/turisticke-cile/kaple-sv-urbana/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |
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Only the synagogue built in 1858 remains from the Jewish ghetto. There is also a Jewish cemetery. |
Only the synagogue built in 1858 remains from the Jewish ghetto. There is also a Jewish cemetery. |
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==Legacy== |
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Much in the same way that in [[London]], the English have named [[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo Station]] to commemorate their victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the French gave the name of Austerlitz to one of the major [[Paris]]ian train stations, the [[Gare d'Austerlitz]], the neighbouring bridge Pont d'Austerlitz, and the waterfront Quai d'Austerlitz. In the Netherlands, a [[Austerlitz, Zeist|village named Austerlitz]] was founded in commemoration of the battle, as was a small town of [[Austerlitz, New York]]. |
Much in the same way that in [[London]], the English have named [[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo Station]] to commemorate their victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the French gave the name of Austerlitz to one of the major [[Paris]]ian train stations, the [[Gare d'Austerlitz]], the neighbouring bridge Pont d'Austerlitz, and the waterfront Quai d'Austerlitz. In the Netherlands, a [[Austerlitz, Zeist|village named Austerlitz]] was founded in commemoration of the battle, as was a small town of [[Austerlitz, New York]]. |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} |
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} |
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Slavkov u Brna is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=http://www.slavkov.cz/mesto-a-samosprava/partnerske-vztahy/mezinarodni-spoluprace/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date= |
Slavkov u Brna is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=http://www.slavkov.cz/mesto-a-samosprava/partnerske-vztahy/mezinarodni-spoluprace/|publisher=Město Slavkov u Brna|language=cs|access-date=2022-03-23}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Darney]], France |
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Darney]], France |
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*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Horn, Austria|Horn]], Austria |
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Horn, Austria|Horn]], Austria |
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*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Mozhaysky District, Moscow|Mozhaysky District (Moscow)]], Russia |
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*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Pag (town)|Pag]], Croatia |
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Pag (town)|Pag]], Croatia |
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*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Sławków]], Poland |
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Sławków]], Poland |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{ |
{{commons category|Slavkov u Brna}} |
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{{ |
{{wikisourcecat}} |
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* |
*{{official|https://www.slavkov.cz/}} |
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*[ |
*[https://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/en/ Official website of Slavkov Castle] |
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*[http://www.zamek-slavkov.cz/ Official website of Slavkov – Austerlitz Castle] |
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*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2149&letter=A Jewish Encyclopedia] |
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=2149&letter=A Jewish Encyclopedia] |
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{{Vyškov District}} |
{{Vyškov District}} |
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{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Jewish communities in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Populated places in Vyškov District]] |
Latest revision as of 05:56, 24 October 2024
Slavkov u Brna | |
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Coordinates: 49°9′12″N 16°52′35″E / 49.15333°N 16.87639°E | |
Country | Czech Republic |
Region | South Moravian |
District | Vyškov |
First mentioned | 1237 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Michal Boudný |
Area | |
• Total | 14.95 km2 (5.77 sq mi) |
Elevation | 211 m (692 ft) |
Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 7,169 |
• Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 684 01 |
Website | www |
Slavkov u Brna (Czech pronunciation: [ˈslafkof ˈu br̩na]; German: Austerlitz) is a town in Vyškov District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,200 inhabitants. The town gave its name to the Battle of Austerlitz, which took place several kilometres west of the town. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Etymology
[edit]The German name Austerlitz (and the former Czech name Novosedlice) is derived from Latin Nova sedes (i.e. "new settlement"), which has gradually evolved over history through the names Novosedeliz (1237), Nausedlicz (1322), Neusserlicz (1343), Nausterlitz (1460) and Austerlitz (1611). The current Czech name Slavkov is derived from Slávek (colloquial name of Bohuslav), who probably owned a manor house here. This name was first documented in 1361. In 1918, Slavkov was renamed Slavkov u Brna ("Slavkov near Brno") to distinguish from other places with the same name.[2]
Geography
[edit]Slavkov u Brna is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Brno. It is situated on the border of three geomorphological regions: the northeastern part of the municipal territory lies in the Litenčice Hills, the northwestern part lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley and the southern part extends into the Ždánice Forest. The highest point is the hill Urban at 361 m (1,184 ft) above sea level. The Litava River flows through the town.
History
[edit]At the end of the 12th century, Margrave Vladislaus III gave the area to the Teutonic Order. The first written mention of Slavkov is from 1237 in a deed of Wenceslaus I. It was originally a market village with a fortified stronghold and a church, located at the crossroads of trade routes. The Teutonic Order founded a commandery here.[2]
From 1396 to 1407, Slavkov was held by Jobst of Moravia. In 1407, it was returned to the Teutonic Order, but after the defeat of the Order in the Battle of Grunwald, Slavkov was confiscated from them in 1411.[2]
In the 14th century, a Jewish ghetto was established near the commandery. The merger of the Christian and Jewish communities created a strong economic agglomeration, which was promoted to a town by King Wenceslaus IV in 1416. The town was strongly fortified and had four gates.[2]
The town often changed owners until 1509, when the noble family of Kaunitz assumed control for more than 400 years. They made it the main seat of the family.[3]
Demographics
[edit]
|
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Source: Censuses[4][5] |
Transport
[edit]The I/50 road (part of the European route E50), which connects the D1 motorway near Brno with Uherské Hradiště and the Czech-Slovak border, passes through the town.
Slavkov u Brna is located on the railway line Brno–Uherské Hradiště.[6]
Sights
[edit]On the site of the old fortress was built a Renaissance residence at the end of the 16th century. The Slavkov Castle was rebuilt to the current Baroque form by Italian architect Domenico Martinelli in the 1680s.[7] It belongs to the oldest preserved noble residences in Moravia. In its historic salon, an armistice was signed between Austria and France after the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805. There is a small museum and a multimedia presentation about the battle.[8] The castle includes a French formal garden, part of which was simplified into an English park.[7]
The landmarks of the town square are the late Renaissance town hall from 1592 and a mansion.[9] Remains of the town walls from the 14th and 15th centuries have been preserved to this day. They are about 4 metres (13 ft) high.[10]
The parish Church of the Resurrection of the Lord is a late Baroque and Neoclassical building, built in 1786–1789. It has three pulpits. The church was designed by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf of Hohenberg.[11]
The cemetery Chapel of Saint John the Baptist is located on the site of a hospital from the 13th century. Its current appearance is from 1743. Beneath the church is a vault with the Kaunitz family tomb.[12]
Chapel of Saint Urban on the Urban Hill was built by design of Domenico Martinelli in 1712. It was badly damaged during the Battle of Austerlitz and had to be rebuilt in 1858–1861.[13]
Only the synagogue built in 1858 remains from the Jewish ghetto. There is also a Jewish cemetery.
Legacy
[edit]Much in the same way that in London, the English have named Waterloo Station to commemorate their victory at Waterloo, the French gave the name of Austerlitz to one of the major Parisian train stations, the Gare d'Austerlitz, the neighbouring bridge Pont d'Austerlitz, and the waterfront Quai d'Austerlitz. In the Netherlands, a village named Austerlitz was founded in commemoration of the battle, as was a small town of Austerlitz, New York.
Notable people
[edit]- Abraham Aberle (1811–1841), poet and translator
- František Koláček (1851–1913), physicist
- Peregrin Obdržálek (1825–1891), Catholic priest, writer and humorist
- Lubomír Tesáček (1957–2011), athlete
Austerlitz is a Jewish family name, of which the bearers are nowadays spread worldwide but which indicate and ultimate family origin in the town. The dancer Fred Astaire was born Fred Austerlitz, and thus it could be assumed that his ancestors lived in this town.
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Slavkov u Brna is twinned with:[14]
Gallery
[edit]-
Synagogue
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Front view of the Slavkov Castle
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Church of the Resurrection of the Lord
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Chapel of St. Urban
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Castle park
References
[edit]- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
- ^ a b c d "Historie města" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "History". Slavkov Castle. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Detail stanice Slavkov u Brna" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
- ^ a b "Architektura" (in Czech). Slavkov Castle. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Zámek Slavkov – Austerlitz – panské sídlo rodu Kouniců" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Palackého náměstí" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Městské opevnění" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Kostel Vzkříšení Páně" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Kaple sv. Jana Křtitele "na Špitálce"" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Kaple sv. Urbana" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Slavkov u Brna. Retrieved 2022-03-23.