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{{Short description|Neighbourhood of Riga, Latvia}}

{{Expand Latvian|topic=geo|date=September 2009|Daugavgrīva}}
{{Expand Latvian|topic=geo|date=September 2009|Daugavgrīva}}
{{Merge|Daugavgrīva castle|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name=Daugavgrīva
| name = Daugavgrīva
|settlement_type=Neighborhood of Riga
| settlement_type = Neighborhood of Riga
|image_skyline =
| image_skyline =
|image_size =
| image_caption =
|image_caption =
| image_flag =
|image_flag =
| image_seal =
|image_seal =
| image_map = Daugavgriva karte.png
|image_map = Daugavgriva karte.png
| map_caption = Location in Riga
| coordinates = {{coord|57|2|42.4|N|24|2|21.4|E|region:LV-RIX|display=inline}}
|map_caption = Location in Riga
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|coordinates_region = LV
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| subdivision_name = [[Latvia]]
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|subdivision_type = Country
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| subdivision_type1 = City
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|subdivision_name = {{flag|Latvia}}
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Riga]]
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|subdivision_type1=City
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| subdivision_type2 = District
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|subdivision_name1=[[Riga]]
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Kurzemes rajons]]
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|subdivision_type2=District
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| established_title =
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|subdivision_name2=[[Kurzemes rajons]]
|leader_title =
| established_date =
|leader_name =
| leader_title =
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| leader_name =
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|established_title =
| area_total_km2 = 10.157
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 = 10.157
| area_water_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
| elevation_m =
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| population_total = 9952
|population_as_of = 2008
| population_as_of = 2008
|population_note =
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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|population_total =9952
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| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|population_metro =
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| utc_offset = +2
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|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +3
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| postal_code =
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|timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3
| area_code =
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| website =
|latd=57 |latm=2 |lats=42.43|latNS=N
|longd=24|longm=2 |longs=21.44|longEW=E
|elevation_m =
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|postal_code =
|area_code =
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|blank_name =
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|blank_info =
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|website =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
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'''Daugavgrīva''' ({{langx|de|Dünamünde}}; {{langx|pl|Dyjament}}; {{langx|ru|Усть-Двинск}} or ''Ust`-Dvinsk'') is a neighbourhood in North West [[Riga]], [[Latvia]] on the left bank of the [[Daugava River|Daugava river]]. In this neighbourhood there is a [[Sweden|Swedish]]-built [[fortress]] on the [[Daugava River]]'s left bank, commanding its [[River delta|mouth]].

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'''Daugavgrīva''' ({{lang-de|Dünamünde}}; {{lang-pl|Dynemunt}}; {{lang-ru|Усть-Двинск}} or ''Ust`-Dvinsk'') is a neighbourhood in North West [[Riga]], [[Latvia]] on the left bank of [[Daugava]] river. In this neighbourhood there is located Swedish built strong [[fortress]] on the [[Daugava River]]'s left bank, commanding its [[River delta|mouth]].


==Fortress==
==Fortress==
{{Main|Daugavgrīvas fortress}}
On the opposite side of Daugava (German: ''Düna''), outside the borders of the contemporary neighborhood, in 1208, there was built Dünaburg castle by the [[Teutonic Knights]] which initially served as a monastery. The Swedish fortress of Dünamünde, designed in a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] style by [[General Rothenburg]] in 1641, replaced the ruined Daugavgrīva Castle by 1680.
In [[Vecdaugava]], on the right or opposite side of the Daugava (German: ''Düna'') outside the borders of the contemporary neighborhood, was in 1208 [[Daugavgrīva castle|Dünamünde castle]] built by the [[Teutonic Knights]], which initially served as a monastery. The Swedish [[Daugavgrīvas fortress|fortress of Neumünde]] on the right bank, designed in a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] style by [[General Rothenburg]] in 1641, replaced the ruined Dünamünde Castle by 1680.
[[File:Ustdvinsk.jpg|thumb|300px|left|The Swedish army bombarding the fortress of Dünamünde.]]
[[File:Ustdvinsk.jpg|thumb|300px|left|The Swedish army bombarding the fortress of Dünamünde.]]


In 1695 the Commandant was captain [[Heinrich Nicolaus Rüdinger]], forefather of future [[Patriarch Alexy II of Russia]]. Rüdinger was knighted by [[Charles XI of Sweden]].<ref name="PSS">{{cite news |first=Aarne |last=Veedla |language=[[Estonian language|Estonian]] |coauthors= |title=Patriarhi suguvõsa saladused |url=http://www.ekspress.ee/2008/12/05/varia/5735-patriarhi-suguvosa-saladused |work= |publisher=ekspress.ee |date=04.02.2003 |accessdate=5 December 2008 }}</ref> [[Joachim Cronman]] later became the Commandant and he died on March 5, 1703.<ref name=sparwenfeld>{{cite book |author=[[Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld]] |coauthors= |title=J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684-87 |year=2002 |publisher= |quote=Joakim Cronman (d. 1703), colonel with the garrison regiment of Narva 1679, colonel with the Savolaks and Nyslott provincial regiment 1683, commandant at Neumünde fortlet ... | url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=oAGzStK9NIjszATPpvX6Ag&client=firefox-a&id=2t9oAAAAMAAJ&dq |isbn= }}</ref>
In 1695 the Commandant was captain [[Heinrich Nicolaus Rüdinger]], forefather of future [[Patriarch Alexy II of Russia]]. Rüdinger was knighted by [[Charles XI of Sweden]].<ref name="PSS">{{cite news |first=Aarne |last=Veedla |language=et |title=Patriarhi suguvõsa saladused |url=http://www.ekspress.ee/2008/12/05/varia/5735-patriarhi-suguvosa-saladused |publisher=ekspress.ee |date=4 February 2003 |access-date=5 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208063332/http://www.ekspress.ee/2008/12/05/varia/5735-patriarhi-suguvosa-saladused |archive-date=8 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Joachim Cronman]] later became the Commandant and he died on March 5, 1703.<ref name=sparwenfeld>{{cite book |author=Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld |author-link=Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld |title=J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684-87 |year=2002 |publisher=Kungl. Vitterhets Historie Och Antikvitets Akademien |isbn=9789174023244 |quote=Joakim Cronman (d. 1703), colonel with the garrison regiment of Narva 1679, colonel with the Savolaks and Nyslott provincial regiment 1683, commandant at Neumünde fortlet ... | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2t9oAAAAMAAJ }}</ref>


After the fortress was seized by the Russians they reconstructed it. Regent [[Anna Leopoldovna]] of Russia, her husband [[Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Anthony Ulrich]], and her son [[Ivan VI]] were incarcerated in Dünamünde in 1742.
After the fortress was seized by the Russians they reconstructed it. Regent [[Anna Leopoldovna]] of Russia, her husband [[Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Anthony Ulrich]], and her son [[Ivan VI]] were incarcerated in Dünamünde in 1742.
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A local [[Lutheran]] church was rebuilt into the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church of the Saviour's Transfiguration in 1775.
A local [[Lutheran]] church was rebuilt into the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Church of the Saviour's Transfiguration in 1775.


The [[Russian Empire|Russian government]] renamed the fortress, where only [[Russians|Russian]] soldiers were living, to '''Ust-Dvinsk''' in 1893. They had its fortifications completely reconstructed prior to [[World War I]]. During the war Ust-Dvinsk was bombarded by the [[Schütte-Lanz]] [[Airship]] SL 7 of the [[German Army]]. After the fortress was taken by [[Imperial Germany]], it was inspected by Emperor [[Wilhelm II]] in 1917. The [[History of Latvia#Independence|Latvian government]], however, demolished much of the fortifications several years later. During the [[Cold War]] Ust-Dvinsk was a base for [[Red Army|Soviet troops]]. The site is now known in [[Latvian language|Latvian]] as '''Daugavgrīva'''. There is a functional [[lighthouse]] at Daugavgrīva which was originally built in 1818. It was rebuilt in 1863, 1920, and after [[World War II]].
The [[Russian Empire|Russian government]] renamed the fortress, where only [[Russians|Russian]] soldiers were living, to '''Ust-Dvinsk''' in 1893. They had its fortifications completely reconstructed prior to [[World War I]]. During the war Ust-Dvinsk was bombarded by the [[Schütte-Lanz]] [[Airship]] SL 7 of the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Army]]. After the fortress was taken by [[Imperial Germany]], it was inspected by Emperor [[Wilhelm II]] in 1917. The [[History of Latvia#Independence|Latvian government]], however, demolished much of the fortifications several years later. During the [[Cold War]] Ust-Dvinsk was a base for [[Red Army|Soviet troops]]. The site is now known in [[Latvian language|Latvian]] as Daugavgrīva. There is a functional [[Daugavgrīva Lighthouse|lighthouse]] at Daugavgrīva which was originally built in 1818. It was rebuilt in 1863, 1920, and after [[World War II]].

In March 1942 took place the so-called "[[Dünamünde Action]]". The Nazis informed the Judenrat of the ghetto of Riga that the people would go to a supposed town called Dünamünde to work at fish processing. Instead the people were taken by motor transport to [[Biķernieki forest]], where they were shot and buried in common unmarked graves.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.1201.lv/history/dunamunde/ The fortress of Daugavgriva] (in Russian)
* [http://www.1201.lv/history/dunamunde/ The fortress of Daugavgriva] (in Russian)
* [http://fortress.vif2.ru/list/dunamunde/index.htm Historic plans of Dünamünde] (in Russian with German maps)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050514103420/http://fortress.vif2.ru/list/dunamunde/index.htm Historic plans of Dünamünde] (in Russian with German maps)
* [http://www.fortification.ru/forum/index.php?action=vthread&forum=1&topic=423&page=0 Discussion and pictures at www.fortification.ru] (in Russian with pictures and German maps)
* [http://www.fortification.ru/forum/index.php?action=vthread&forum=1&topic=423&page=0 Discussion and pictures at www.fortification.ru] (in Russian with pictures and German maps)


{{Coord|57.045119|24.0392876|type:landmark_region:LV-RIX|display=title}}
{{Riga's neighbourhoods}}
{{Riga's neighbourhoods}}
{{Riga Cityscape}}
{{Riga Cityscape}}


{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Riga]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Daugavgriva}}
[[de:Daugavgrīva]]
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[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Riga]]
[[et:Daugavgrīva]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Latvia]]
[[fr:Daugavgrīva]]
[[la:Dunemunda]]
[[lv:Daugavgrīva]]
[[nn:Daugavgrīva]]
[[pl:Dyjament]]
[[ru:Даугавгрива]]
[[sv:Dünamünde]]

Latest revision as of 06:40, 24 October 2024

Daugavgrīva
Neighborhood of Riga
Location in Riga
Location in Riga
Coordinates: 57°2′42.4″N 24°2′21.4″E / 57.045111°N 24.039278°E / 57.045111; 24.039278
CountryLatvia
CityRiga
DistrictKurzemes rajons
Area
 • Total
10.157 km2 (3.922 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total
9,952
 • Density980/km2 (2,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Daugavgrīva (German: Dünamünde; Polish: Dyjament; Russian: Усть-Двинск or Ust`-Dvinsk) is a neighbourhood in North West Riga, Latvia on the left bank of the Daugava river. In this neighbourhood there is a Swedish-built fortress on the Daugava River's left bank, commanding its mouth.

Fortress

[edit]
Main article: Daugavgrīvas fortress

In Vecdaugava, on the right or opposite side of the Daugava (German: Düna) outside the borders of the contemporary neighborhood, was in 1208 Dünamünde castle built by the Teutonic Knights, which initially served as a monastery. The Swedish fortress of Neumünde on the right bank, designed in a Dutch style by General Rothenburg in 1641, replaced the ruined Dünamünde Castle by 1680.

The Swedish army bombarding the fortress of Dünamünde.

In 1695 the Commandant was captain Heinrich Nicolaus Rüdinger, forefather of future Patriarch Alexy II of Russia. Rüdinger was knighted by Charles XI of Sweden.[1] Joachim Cronman later became the Commandant and he died on March 5, 1703.[2]

After the fortress was seized by the Russians they reconstructed it. Regent Anna Leopoldovna of Russia, her husband Anthony Ulrich, and her son Ivan VI were incarcerated in Dünamünde in 1742.

A local Lutheran church was rebuilt into the Orthodox Church of the Saviour's Transfiguration in 1775.

The Russian government renamed the fortress, where only Russian soldiers were living, to Ust-Dvinsk in 1893. They had its fortifications completely reconstructed prior to World War I. During the war Ust-Dvinsk was bombarded by the Schütte-Lanz Airship SL 7 of the German Army. After the fortress was taken by Imperial Germany, it was inspected by Emperor Wilhelm II in 1917. The Latvian government, however, demolished much of the fortifications several years later. During the Cold War Ust-Dvinsk was a base for Soviet troops. The site is now known in Latvian as Daugavgrīva. There is a functional lighthouse at Daugavgrīva which was originally built in 1818. It was rebuilt in 1863, 1920, and after World War II.

In March 1942 took place the so-called "Dünamünde Action". The Nazis informed the Judenrat of the ghetto of Riga that the people would go to a supposed town called Dünamünde to work at fish processing. Instead the people were taken by motor transport to Biķernieki forest, where they were shot and buried in common unmarked graves.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Veedla, Aarne (4 February 2003). "Patriarhi suguvõsa saladused" (in Estonian). ekspress.ee. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
  2. ^ Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld (2002). J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684-87. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie Och Antikvitets Akademien. ISBN 9789174023244. Joakim Cronman (d. 1703), colonel with the garrison regiment of Narva 1679, colonel with the Savolaks and Nyslott provincial regiment 1683, commandant at Neumünde fortlet ...
[edit]
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