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Coordinates: 35°40′25″N 139°43′42″E / 35.67361°N 139.72835°E / 35.67361; 139.72835
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{{Short description|Diplomatic mission of Canada to Japan}}
{{Infobox Diplomatic Mission
{{Infobox Diplomatic Mission
|name = Embassy of Canada to Japan
|name = Embassy of Canada to Japan
Line 5: Line 6:
|location = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato-ku]] [[Tokyo]] 107-8503
|location = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato-ku]] [[Tokyo]] 107-8503
|coordinates = {{coord|35.67361|N|139.72835|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|35.67361|N|139.72835|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|ambassador = [[Ian Burney]]
|ambassador = [[Ian_G._McKay|Ian McKay]]
}}
}}
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The '''Embassy of Canada to Japan'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/offices-bureaux/tokyo.aspx?lang=eng#atf |title=Embassy of Canada in Japan |publisher=Canadainternational.gc.ca |date=2011-07-12 |access-date=2011-10-25}}</ref> is the main [[diplomatic mission]] from [[Canada]] to [[Japan]], located in [[Tokyo]]. The embassy is Canada's third oldest "foreign" legation after [[Embassy of Canada in Paris|Paris]] and [[Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] (the [[High Commission]]s to other Commonwealth states are not considered "foreign" by the Canadian government).


{{Citation style|date=September 2024}}
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The reason for the legation's creation had much to do with anti-Asian feeling in the Canadian province of British Columbia during the first half of the 20th Century. Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]] was anxious to limit Japanese migration to Canada, saying "our only effective way to deal with the Japanese question is to have our own Minister in Japan to vise passports."<ref name=dfaithistory>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/Japan-en.asp |title=Official history of the Canadian mission to Japan |access-date=2008-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421144144/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/Japan-en.asp |archive-date=2005-04-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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The '''Embassy of Canada to Japan'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/offices-bureaux/tokyo.aspx?lang=eng#atf |title=Embassy of Canada in Japan |publisher=Canadainternational.gc.ca |date=2011-07-12 |access-date=2011-10-25}}</ref> is the main [[diplomatic mission]] from [[Canada]] to [[Japan]], located in [[Tokyo]]. This embassy is Canada's third oldest "foreign" legation after [[Embassy of Canada in Paris|Paris]] and [[Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] (the [[High Commission]]s to other Commonwealth states are not considered "foreign" by the Canadian government).

==History==
⚫
The reason for the legation's creation had much to do with anti-Asian feeling in the Canadian province of British Columbia during the first half of the 20th century. Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]] was anxious to limit Japanese migration to Canada, saying "our only effective way to deal with the Japanese question is to have our own Minister in Japan to vise passports."<ref name=dfaithistory>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/Japan-en.asp |title=Official history of the Canadian mission to Japan |access-date=2008-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421144144/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/department/history/Japan-en.asp |archive-date=2005-04-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The British government was hesitant to anything that might be seen to undermine Imperial unity, but finally in May 1929, the Canadian legation opened. The first "minister" was Sir [[Herbert Marler]]. The embassy soon added trade and political roles to immigration. Construction of the [[Chancery (building)|chancery]] was completed in 1934.
The British government was hesitant to anything that might be seen to undermine Imperial unity, but finally in May 1929, the Canadian legation opened. The first "minister" was Sir [[Herbert Marler]]. The embassy soon added trade and political roles to immigration. Construction of the [[Chancery (building)|chancery]] was completed in 1934.


In 1938 the minister came back to Canada without being replaced. In 1941 once Canada and Japan were at war the legation staff was placed under arrest and not repatriated to Canada until mid-1942.
In 1938, the minister came back to Canada without being replaced. In 1941 when Canada and Japan were at war, the legation staff was placed under arrest and not repatriated to Canada until mid-1942.


After the war, Canada's leading Japan expert, [[Herbert Norman]], instead of being minister to Japan was attached to represent Canada with [[Supreme Commander Allied Powers]], General [[Douglas MacArthur]].
After the war, Canada's leading Japan expert, [[Herbert Norman]], instead of being minister to Japan was attached to represent Canada with [[Supreme Commander Allied Powers]], General [[Douglas MacArthur]].


In 1952 Canada and Japan had normalized relations and the legation was upgraded to an embassy, and [[Robert Wellington Mayhew|R.W. Mayhew]] became Canada's first ambassador to Japan.
In 1952, Canada and Japan had normalized relations and the legation was upgraded to an embassy, and [[Robert Wellington Mayhew|R.W. Mayhew]] became Canada's first ambassador to Japan.


Canada built a new chancery on Aoyama Avenue, Place Canada, which was designed by [[Raymond Moriyama]] and opened in 1991. The embassy is housed on the upper levels while the lower levels are let out for rental income. There is a stone garden at the fourth storey with a view of the [[Akasaka Palace]] gardens. At the basement level the embassy hosts a public art gallery, a library, and the 233-seat Oscar Peterson Theatre. The elevator in the ambassador's house is the oldest functional one in Japan.
Canada built a new chancery on Aoyama Avenue, Place Canada, which was designed by [[Raymond Moriyama]] and was opened in 1991. The embassy is housed on the upper levels while the lower levels are let out for rental income. There is a stone garden at the fourth storey with a view of the [[Akasaka Palace]] gardens. At the basement level, the embassy hosts a public art gallery, a library, and the 233-seat Oscar Peterson Theatre. The elevator in the ambassador's house is the oldest functional elevator in Japan.


== '''Design''' ==
== Design ==


=== Design Concepts ===
=== Design concepts ===
One of the first design ideas was to create a building in which would be a symbol of Canada within Japan, showcasing both cultures.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> With another concept of having a building expressing belonging, connectedness, and human spirit.<ref>Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.</ref> To expand on the idea of human spirit Moriyama thought the symbolism of a tree house within the city would best represent this idea.<ref>Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.</ref> The architect hoped it would surface nostalgic memories and idealisms for visitors.<ref>Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.</ref> To symbolize a tree house there are levels within the building acting as tree branches.<ref>"1991 – Embassy of Canada – Moriyama & Teshima Architects." Architecture Tokyo. March 26, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://architecturetokyo.wordpress.com/2017/03/26/1991-embassy-of-canada-moriyama-teshima-architects/.</ref> These branches were then named after [[Ikebana]], form of a flower arrangement, with ten representing heaven, chi to represent earth, and jin to represent man.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> The top floors of the embassy located underneath the roof represent ten, while the leased offices spaces represent chi, and the entrance and main floor of the embassy represents jin.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref>
One of the first design ideas was to create a building in which would be a symbol of Canada within Japan, showcasing both cultures.<ref name=“M&T”>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> With another concept of having a building expressing belonging, connectedness, and human spirit.<ref name=“CM”>Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.</ref> To expand on the idea of human spirit Moriyama thought the symbolism of a tree house within the city would best represent this idea.<ref name=“CM” /> The architect hoped it would surface nostalgic memories and idealisms for visitors.<ref name=“CM” /> To symbolize a tree house there are levels within the building acting as tree branches.<ref>"1991 – Embassy of Canada – Moriyama & Teshima Architects." Architecture Tokyo. March 26, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://architecturetokyo.wordpress.com/2017/03/26/1991-embassy-of-canada-moriyama-teshima-architects/.</ref> These branches were then named after [[Ikebana]], form of a flower arrangement, with ten representing heaven, chi to represent earth, and jin to represent man.<ref name=“M&T” /> The top floors of the embassy located underneath the roof represent ten, while the leased offices spaces represent chi, and the entrance and main floor of the embassy represents jin.<ref name=“M&T” />


=== Design Elements ===
=== Design elements ===
When announcing the Tokyo embassy project, the goal was to build an embassy in which wouldn't cost money for Canadian citizens.<ref>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref> The [[Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation|Mitsubishi Trust and the Banking Corporation]] was chosen to be in charge of the projects finances, design, and construction.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> Mitsubishi in exchange would receive all the revenue from the leasable commercial spaces in the embassy until they obtained the money they invested.<ref>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref>
When announcing the Tokyo embassy project, the goal was to build an embassy that wouldn't cost Canadian citizens money.<ref name=“NM”>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref> The [[Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation|Mitsubishi Trust and the Banking Corporation]] was chosen to be in charge of the project's finances, design, and construction.<ref name=“M&T” /> Mitsubishi, in exchange, would receive all the revenue from the leasable commercial spaces in the embassy until they obtained the money they invested.<ref name=“NM” />


When designing factors like earthquakes and how to secure the building were heavily researched.<ref>News, Kyodo. "Canadian Architect Moriyama Says Japanese Roots Shaped His Aesthetic." Kyodo News. December 07, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/41e1785ce128-feature-canadian-architect-says-japanese-roots-shaped-his-aesthetic.html.</ref> Many tests simulating the affect an earthquake, like the [[1923 Tokyo earthquake]], were conducted to examine the strength of the building.<ref>News, Kyodo. "Canadian Architect Moriyama Says Japanese Roots Shaped His Aesthetic." Kyodo News. December 07, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/41e1785ce128-feature-canadian-architect-says-japanese-roots-shaped-his-aesthetic.html.</ref> The is only one direct entrance into the embassy and lobby space is on the fourth floor, one must enter by ascending a set of escalators outside of the building.<ref>Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.</ref> The main door and some windows are from the original chancery built in the 1930's.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref>
When designing, factors like earthquakes and how to secure the building were heavily researched.<ref name=“NK” /> Many tests simulating the effects of an earthquake, like the [[1923 Tokyo earthquake]], were conducted to examine the strength of the building.<ref name=“NK”>News, Kyodo. "Canadian Architect Moriyama Says Japanese Roots Shaped His Aesthetic." Kyodo News. December 07, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/41e1785ce128-feature-canadian-architect-says-japanese-roots-shaped-his-aesthetic.html.</ref> There is only one direct entrance into the embassy, and the lobby space is on the fourth floor. One must enter by ascending a set of escalators outside of the building.<ref name=“CM” /> The main door and some windows are from the original chancery built in the 1930s.<ref name=“TTG” />


The embassy is seven stories tall, made of concrete and granite facing.<ref>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref> The program layout is split into two functions, the embassy on the top floors and with the leased office spaces located on the bottom half.<ref>"Canadian Embassy Tokyo." Moriyama & Teshima Architects. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://mtarch.com/projects/canadian-embassy/.</ref>
The embassy is seven stories tall and made of concrete and granite.<ref name=“NM” /> The program layout is split into two functions: the embassy on the top floors and the leased office spaces located on the bottom half.<ref name=“CET”>"Canadian Embassy Tokyo." Moriyama & Teshima Architects. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://mtarch.com/projects/canadian-embassy/.</ref>


Behind the embassy is a private residential area of the imperial household.<ref>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref> The building was designed to be wide at the base to prevent pedestrians from seeing into the residence.<ref>Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.</ref>
Behind the embassy is a private residential area of the imperial household.<ref name=“NM” /> The building was designed to be wide at the base to prevent pedestrians from seeing into the residence.<ref name=“NM” />


To respect the imperial gardens, the roof of the embassy is slanted to minimize the shadow the building would cast on the gardens.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> The maximum depth a shadow can be cast on the grounds is 10 meters for only two hours of the day.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref>
To respect the imperial gardens, the roof of the embassy is slanted to minimize the shadow the building would cast on the gardens.<ref name=“M&T” /> The maximum depth at which a shadow can be cast on the ground is 10 meters for only two hours of the day.<ref name=“M&T” />


While most of the building is private there are certain places visitors can see like the Gardens, Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery, Oscar Peterson Theatre, and E.H Norman Library.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> On average the embassy receives around 10,000 visitors a year.<ref>"Canadian Embassy Tokyo." Moriyama & Teshima Architects. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://mtarch.com/projects/canadian-embassy/.</ref>
While most of the building is private, there are certain places visitors can see, like the Gardens, Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery, Oscar Peterson Theatre, and the E.H Norman Library.<ref name=“TTG” /> On average, the embassy receives around 10,000 visitors a year.<ref name=“CET” />


== '''Gardens''' ==
== Gardens ==
{{One source section
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On the main floor of the embassy there is a zen garden designed by [[Shunmyō Masuno|Shunmyo Majuno]].<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> He is the head priest of the Zen temple in [[Yokohama, Japan|Yokoyama]], who still practices the traditional garden design of [https://dictionary.university/ishitateso ishitateso].<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> The stones used for the garden were used from the [[Hiroshima, Japan|Hiroshima]] region.<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> The purpose of this garden was to symbolize the friendship between the two countries, showcasing the Canadian terrain from coast to coast.<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> In the garden are three pyramid shaped rocks in which show the mountains bordering the Canadian shield’s western edge.<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> An [[Inuksuk|Inukshuk]] created by [[Kananginak Pootoogook]] from [[Cape Dorset]], is located the far-right hand side of the garden.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> The neighbouring [https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/Takahashi-Korekiyo-Gedenkpark Takahashi Korekiyo Memorial Garden] was used as a [[Borrowed scenery|shakkei]], the concept of a borrowed view, when designing the garden.<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> This creates a feeling of being detached from the city, allowing one to be immersed within the treetops.<ref>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref>
| date = August 2022
}}
⚫
On the main floor of the embassy there is a zen garden designed by [[Shunmyō Masuno|Shunmyo Majuno]].<ref name=“MSHanging”>Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.</ref> He is the head priest of the Zen temple in [[Yokohama, Japan|Yokoyama]], who still practices the traditional garden design of [https://dictionary.university/ishitateso ishitateso].<ref name=“MSHanging” /> The stones used for the garden were used from the [[Hiroshima, Japan|Hiroshima]] region.<ref name=“MSHanging” /> The purpose of this garden was to symbolize the friendship between the two countries, showcasing the Canadian terrain from coast to coast.<ref name=“MSHanging” /> In the garden are three pyramid shaped rocks in which show the mountains bordering the Canadian shield’s western edge.<ref name=“MSHanging” /> An [[Inuksuk|Inukshuk]] created by [[Kananginak Pootoogook]] from [[Cape Dorset]], is located the far-right hand side of the garden.<ref name=“TTG” /> The neighbouring Takahashi Korekiyo Memorial Garden was used as a [[Borrowed scenery|shakkei]], the concept of a borrowed view, when designing the garden.<ref name=“MSHanging” /> This creates a feeling of being detached from the city, allowing one to be immersed within the treetops.<ref name=“MSHanging” />


== '''Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery''' ==
== Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery ==
{{One source section|date=August 2022}}
The Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery is located on the second basement level with 7800 square feet of exhibition space.<ref>"カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.</ref> It exhibits Canadian works like paintings, sculptures, photographs, textiles, and other artwork and designs.<ref>"カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.</ref> Some of the exhibits included were, Glenn Gould in Photos & Movies, Travel Prints: The Beginning of Innuit Prints & Japan, and the Canadian Olympic Commemorative Coins.<ref>"カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.</ref> The gallery received its name from a previous commemorative event in which honored [[Prince Takamado]].<ref>"カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.</ref>
The Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery is located on the second basement level with 7800 square feet of exhibition space.<ref name=“CI”>"カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.</ref> It exhibits Canadian works like paintings, sculptures, photographs, textiles, and other artwork and designs.<ref name=“CI” /> Some of the exhibits included were, Glenn Gould in Photos & Movies, Travel Prints: The Beginning of Innuit Prints & Japan, and the Canadian Olympic Commemorative Coins.<ref name=“CI” /> The gallery received its name from a previous commemorative event in which honored [[Prince Takamado]].<ref name=“CI” />


== '''Oscar Peterson Theatre''' ==
== Oscar Peterson Theatre ==
{{One source section|date=August 2022}}
The Oscar Peterson Theater is located on level B2 and has 233 seats in which showcases concerts, screenings, lectures/seminars, and conferences.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> The room was inspired by the early [[Noh Theatre|Noh theatre]], where in the 17th century actors performed under the open skies in the glow of torch light.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> In order to replicate this there are metallic branches and leaves in which sparkle, leaving the impression of being under the stars.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref>
The Oscar Peterson Theater is located on level B2 and has 233 seats in which showcases concerts, screenings, lectures/seminars, and conferences.<ref name=“M&T” /> The room was inspired by the early [[Noh Theatre|Noh theatre]], where in the 17th century actors performed under the open skies in the glow of torch light.<ref name=“M&T” /> In order to replicate this there are metallic branches and leaves in which sparkle, leaving the impression of being under the stars.<ref name=“M&T” />


== '''E.H Norman Library''' ==
== E.H Norman Library ==
The E.H Normal Library is on the same floor as the Prince Takamando Gallery and the Oscar Peterson Theatre.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> The library houses over 15,000 books in Japanese, English, and French.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> It is the largest Canadian research library in Asia.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> Within the collection there are a wide variety of Japanese novels, books on Japanese arts and crafts, Japanese sports, travel guides, journals related to Canada & Japan, films, as well as local and Canadian newspapers.<ref>Skye, Timothy D. "Bringing Canada to Japan: Experiences with an Embassy Library." Logos 7, no. 3 (1996): 226-30. doi:10.2959/logo.1996.7.3.226.</ref> The library is generally used the Japanese who are doing research on Canada and, the Embassy staff who need any information regarding Japan.<ref>Skye, Timothy D. "Bringing Canada to Japan: Experiences with an Embassy Library." Logos 7, no. 3 (1996): 226-30. doi:10.2959/logo.1996.7.3.226.</ref> One of the goals when designing this library was to have a space in which is well lit and relaxing.<ref>Skye, Timothy D. "Bringing Canada to Japan: Experiences with an Embassy Library." Logos 7, no. 3 (1996): 226-30. doi:10.2959/logo.1996.7.3.226.</ref>
The E.H Normal Library is on the same floor as the Prince Takamando Gallery and the Oscar Peterson Theatre.<ref name=“M&T” /> The library houses over 15,000 books in Japanese, English, and French.<ref name=“TTG” /> Within the collection there are a wide variety of Japanese novels, books on Japanese arts and crafts, Japanese sports, travel guides, journals related to Canada & Japan, films, as well as local and Canadian newspapers.<ref name=“ST”>Skye, Timothy D. "Bringing Canada to Japan: Experiences with an Embassy Library." Logos 7, no. 3 (1996): 226-30. doi:10.2959/logo.1996.7.3.226.</ref> The library is generally used the Japanese who are doing research on Canada and, the embassy staff who need any information regarding Japan.<ref name=“ST” /> One of the goals when designing this library was to have a space in which is well lit and relaxing.<ref name=“ST” />


In May of 2001, the library was named the [[E.H. Norman]] Library.<ref>Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada. "Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan." Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/library-bibliotheque/index.aspx?lang=eng.</ref>
In May 2001, the library was named the [[E.H. Norman]] Library.<ref>Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada. "Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan." Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/library-bibliotheque/index.aspx?lang=eng.</ref>


== '''Other Art''' ==
== Other art ==
{{One source section|date=August 2022}}
Within the embassy are various other art pieces in which reference Japanese and Canadian culture.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> There is a bronze sculpture designed by Ted Bieler called ‘Wave Breaking’ in which references the rocky shores of the Atlantic coast.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> ‘Wave’ by [[Maryon Kantaroff]] is another bronze sculpture representing the Pacific Ocean, connecting the two cultures of Japan and Canada.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> Inside the embassy is ‘The Carved Glass Wall’ by [[Warren Carther]].<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> The piece shows the co-existence of nature and technology, and how it relates to the relationship between Japan and Canada.<ref>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref>
Within the embassy are various other art pieces in which reference Japanese and Canadian culture.<ref name=“TTG”>Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.</ref> There is a bronze sculpture designed by Ted Bieler called ‘Wave Breaking’ in which references the rocky shores of the Atlantic coast.<ref name=“TTG” /> ‘Wave’ by [[Maryon Kantaroff]] is another bronze sculpture representing the Pacific Ocean, connecting the two cultures of Japan and Canada.<ref name=“TTG” /> Inside the embassy is ‘The Carved Glass Wall’ by [[Warren Carther]].<ref name=“TTG” /> The piece shows the co-existence of nature and technology, and how it relates to the relationship between Japan and Canada.<ref name=“TTG” />


== '''Awards''' ==
== Awards ==
For the design Raymond Moriyama was awarded Japan Architects Association Top Honour Award, Shimizu Corporation President’s Award, Architectural Institute of Japan: Architecture of the Year, and Art Directors Club of Toronto Gold Award.<ref>Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.</ref> In November 2003 he was granted with [[Order of the Rising Sun]], Gold Rays with Rosette.<ref>Canadian Architect. "Raymond Moriyama Receives Award From Emperor of Japan." Canadian Architect. February 04, 2004. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadianarchitect.com/raymond-moriyama-receives-award-from-emperor-of-japan/.</ref> Then presented with this award in January the following year by Takashi Koezuka.<ref>Canadian Architect. "Raymond Moriyama Receives Award From Emperor of Japan." Canadian Architect. February 04, 2004. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadianarchitect.com/raymond-moriyama-receives-award-from-emperor-of-japan/.</ref>
For the design Raymond Moriyama was awarded Japan Architects Association Top Honour Award, Shimizu Corporation President’s Award, Architectural Institute of Japan: Architecture of the Year, and Art Directors Club of Toronto Gold Award.<ref name=“M&T” /> In November 2003 he was granted with [[Order of the Rising Sun]], Gold Rays with Rosette.<ref name=“CA”>Canadian Architect. "Raymond Moriyama Receives Award From Emperor of Japan." Canadian Architect. February 04, 2004. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadianarchitect.com/raymond-moriyama-receives-award-from-emperor-of-japan/.</ref> Then presented with this award in January the following year by Takashi Koezuka.<ref name=“CA” />


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Canada–Japan relations]]
* [[Canada–Japan relations]]
* [[List of Canadian ambassadors to Japan]]
* [[List of ambassadors of Canada to Japan]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 14:33, 24 October 2024

Embassy of Canada to Japan
Map
LocationMinato-ku Tokyo 107-8503
Address7-3-38 Akasaka
Coordinates35°40′25″N 139°43′42″E / 35.67361°N 139.72835°E / 35.67361; 139.72835
AmbassadorIan McKay

The Embassy of Canada to Japan[1] is the main diplomatic mission from Canada to Japan, located in Tokyo. This embassy is Canada's third oldest "foreign" legation after Paris and Washington, D.C. (the High Commissions to other Commonwealth states are not considered "foreign" by the Canadian government).

History

[edit]

The reason for the legation's creation had much to do with anti-Asian feeling in the Canadian province of British Columbia during the first half of the 20th century. Prime Minister Mackenzie King was anxious to limit Japanese migration to Canada, saying "our only effective way to deal with the Japanese question is to have our own Minister in Japan to vise passports."[2]

The British government was hesitant to anything that might be seen to undermine Imperial unity, but finally in May 1929, the Canadian legation opened. The first "minister" was Sir Herbert Marler. The embassy soon added trade and political roles to immigration. Construction of the chancery was completed in 1934.

In 1938, the minister came back to Canada without being replaced. In 1941 when Canada and Japan were at war, the legation staff was placed under arrest and not repatriated to Canada until mid-1942.

After the war, Canada's leading Japan expert, Herbert Norman, instead of being minister to Japan was attached to represent Canada with Supreme Commander Allied Powers, General Douglas MacArthur.

In 1952, Canada and Japan had normalized relations and the legation was upgraded to an embassy, and R.W. Mayhew became Canada's first ambassador to Japan.

Canada built a new chancery on Aoyama Avenue, Place Canada, which was designed by Raymond Moriyama and was opened in 1991. The embassy is housed on the upper levels while the lower levels are let out for rental income. There is a stone garden at the fourth storey with a view of the Akasaka Palace gardens. At the basement level, the embassy hosts a public art gallery, a library, and the 233-seat Oscar Peterson Theatre. The elevator in the ambassador's house is the oldest functional elevator in Japan.

Design

[edit]

Design concepts

[edit]

One of the first design ideas was to create a building in which would be a symbol of Canada within Japan, showcasing both cultures.[3] With another concept of having a building expressing belonging, connectedness, and human spirit.[4] To expand on the idea of human spirit Moriyama thought the symbolism of a tree house within the city would best represent this idea.[4] The architect hoped it would surface nostalgic memories and idealisms for visitors.[4] To symbolize a tree house there are levels within the building acting as tree branches.[5] These branches were then named after Ikebana, form of a flower arrangement, with ten representing heaven, chi to represent earth, and jin to represent man.[3] The top floors of the embassy located underneath the roof represent ten, while the leased offices spaces represent chi, and the entrance and main floor of the embassy represents jin.[3]

Design elements

[edit]

When announcing the Tokyo embassy project, the goal was to build an embassy that wouldn't cost Canadian citizens money.[6] The Mitsubishi Trust and the Banking Corporation was chosen to be in charge of the project's finances, design, and construction.[3] Mitsubishi, in exchange, would receive all the revenue from the leasable commercial spaces in the embassy until they obtained the money they invested.[6]

When designing, factors like earthquakes and how to secure the building were heavily researched.[7] Many tests simulating the effects of an earthquake, like the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, were conducted to examine the strength of the building.[7] There is only one direct entrance into the embassy, and the lobby space is on the fourth floor. One must enter by ascending a set of escalators outside of the building.[4] The main door and some windows are from the original chancery built in the 1930s.[8]

The embassy is seven stories tall and made of concrete and granite.[6] The program layout is split into two functions: the embassy on the top floors and the leased office spaces located on the bottom half.[9]

Behind the embassy is a private residential area of the imperial household.[6] The building was designed to be wide at the base to prevent pedestrians from seeing into the residence.[6]

To respect the imperial gardens, the roof of the embassy is slanted to minimize the shadow the building would cast on the gardens.[3] The maximum depth at which a shadow can be cast on the ground is 10 meters for only two hours of the day.[3]

While most of the building is private, there are certain places visitors can see, like the Gardens, Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery, Oscar Peterson Theatre, and the E.H Norman Library.[8] On average, the embassy receives around 10,000 visitors a year.[9]

Gardens

[edit]

On the main floor of the embassy there is a zen garden designed by Shunmyo Majuno.[10] He is the head priest of the Zen temple in Yokoyama, who still practices the traditional garden design of ishitateso.[10] The stones used for the garden were used from the Hiroshima region.[10] The purpose of this garden was to symbolize the friendship between the two countries, showcasing the Canadian terrain from coast to coast.[10] In the garden are three pyramid shaped rocks in which show the mountains bordering the Canadian shield’s western edge.[10] An Inukshuk created by Kananginak Pootoogook from Cape Dorset, is located the far-right hand side of the garden.[8] The neighbouring Takahashi Korekiyo Memorial Garden was used as a shakkei, the concept of a borrowed view, when designing the garden.[10] This creates a feeling of being detached from the city, allowing one to be immersed within the treetops.[10]

[edit]

The Prince Takamando Memorial Gallery is located on the second basement level with 7800 square feet of exhibition space.[11] It exhibits Canadian works like paintings, sculptures, photographs, textiles, and other artwork and designs.[11] Some of the exhibits included were, Glenn Gould in Photos & Movies, Travel Prints: The Beginning of Innuit Prints & Japan, and the Canadian Olympic Commemorative Coins.[11] The gallery received its name from a previous commemorative event in which honored Prince Takamado.[11]

Oscar Peterson Theatre

[edit]

The Oscar Peterson Theater is located on level B2 and has 233 seats in which showcases concerts, screenings, lectures/seminars, and conferences.[3] The room was inspired by the early Noh theatre, where in the 17th century actors performed under the open skies in the glow of torch light.[3] In order to replicate this there are metallic branches and leaves in which sparkle, leaving the impression of being under the stars.[3]

E.H Norman Library

[edit]

The E.H Normal Library is on the same floor as the Prince Takamando Gallery and the Oscar Peterson Theatre.[3] The library houses over 15,000 books in Japanese, English, and French.[8] Within the collection there are a wide variety of Japanese novels, books on Japanese arts and crafts, Japanese sports, travel guides, journals related to Canada & Japan, films, as well as local and Canadian newspapers.[12] The library is generally used the Japanese who are doing research on Canada and, the embassy staff who need any information regarding Japan.[12] One of the goals when designing this library was to have a space in which is well lit and relaxing.[12]

In May 2001, the library was named the E.H. Norman Library.[13]

Other art

[edit]

Within the embassy are various other art pieces in which reference Japanese and Canadian culture.[8] There is a bronze sculpture designed by Ted Bieler called ‘Wave Breaking’ in which references the rocky shores of the Atlantic coast.[8] ‘Wave’ by Maryon Kantaroff is another bronze sculpture representing the Pacific Ocean, connecting the two cultures of Japan and Canada.[8] Inside the embassy is ‘The Carved Glass Wall’ by Warren Carther.[8] The piece shows the co-existence of nature and technology, and how it relates to the relationship between Japan and Canada.[8]

Awards

[edit]

For the design Raymond Moriyama was awarded Japan Architects Association Top Honour Award, Shimizu Corporation President’s Award, Architectural Institute of Japan: Architecture of the Year, and Art Directors Club of Toronto Gold Award.[3] In November 2003 he was granted with Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette.[14] Then presented with this award in January the following year by Takashi Koezuka.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Embassy of Canada in Japan". Canadainternational.gc.ca. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
  2. ^ "Official history of the Canadian mission to Japan". Archived from the original on 2005-04-21. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Moriyama & Teshima: Architecture as a Work of Life. Tokyo: Process Architecture, 1992.
  4. ^ a b c d Creighton, Millie. "A Tree House in Tokyo: Reflections on Nikkei, Citizenship, Belonging, Architecture, and Art on the 75th Anniversary of Japanese American and Japanese Canadian Internment." Taylor Francis Online, August 24, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021.
  5. ^ "1991 – Embassy of Canada – Moriyama & Teshima Architects." Architecture Tokyo. March 26, 2017. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://architecturetokyo.wordpress.com/2017/03/26/1991-embassy-of-canada-moriyama-teshima-architects/.
  6. ^ a b c d e Nichols, Mark. "Elegance in Tokyo: Maclean's: SEPTEMBER 19,1988." Maclean's | The Complete Archive. September 19, 1988. Accessed March 01, 2021. https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1988/9/19/elegance-in-tokyo.
  7. ^ a b News, Kyodo. "Canadian Architect Moriyama Says Japanese Roots Shaped His Aesthetic." Kyodo News. December 07, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/41e1785ce128-feature-canadian-architect-says-japanese-roots-shaped-his-aesthetic.html.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Embassy of Canada, Tokyo Tour Guide. Tokyo, Japan.
  9. ^ a b "Canadian Embassy Tokyo." Moriyama & Teshima Architects. January 31, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://mtarch.com/projects/canadian-embassy/.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Mansfield, Stephen. "Canada's Hanging Garden of Stone in Japan." The Japan Times. October 30, 2011. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/10/30/environment/canadas-hanging-garden-of-stone-in-japan/.
  11. ^ a b c d "カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー." カナダ大使館 高円宮記念ギャラリー. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/events-evenements/gallery-galerie.aspx?lang=jpn&menu_id=81.
  12. ^ a b c Skye, Timothy D. "Bringing Canada to Japan: Experiences with an Embassy Library." Logos 7, no. 3 (1996): 226-30. doi:10.2959/logo.1996.7.3.226.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada. "Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan." Welcome to the E.H. Norman Library of the Embassy of Canada in Japan. March 17, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/japan-japon/library-bibliotheque/index.aspx?lang=eng.
  14. ^ a b Canadian Architect. "Raymond Moriyama Receives Award From Emperor of Japan." Canadian Architect. February 04, 2004. Accessed February 28, 2021. https://www.canadianarchitect.com/raymond-moriyama-receives-award-from-emperor-of-japan/.
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