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corrected grammar from was to is- Wells is still the largest family-owned and managed ice cream manufacturer in the US.
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| name = Wells Enterprises, Inc.
| name = Wells Enterprises, Inc.
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = 1913
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1913}}
| founder = Fred Wells.
| founder = Fred Wells
| location_city = [[Le Mars, Iowa]]
| location_city = [[Le Mars, Iowa]]
| location_country = [[United States of America]]
| location_country = [[United States|U.S.]]
| key_people = Liam Killeen, [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wellsenterprisesinc.com/about/leadership | title=Leadership }}</ref>
| key_people = Liam Killeen, [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wellsenterprisesinc.com/about/leadership | title=Leadership }}</ref>
| owner = [[Ferrero SpA]]
| owner = [[Ferrero SpA]]
Line 16: Line 16:


Wells is the second largest ice cream maker in the United States behind [[Unilever]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dreeszen |first1=Dave |title=Le Mars-based Wells Enterprises vaults to No. 2 ice cream producer in US after buying East Coast maker |url=https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/le-mars-based-wells-enterprises-vaults-to-no-ice-cream/article_6295d49f-34b4-592a-b5ce-3fd63faa50a5.html |accessdate=20 April 2020 |agency=Sioux City Journal |date=17 April 2019}}</ref> Wells produces the Blue Bunny brand, along with 2nd St. Creamery, [[Bomb Pop]] and several private label brands. In addition, Wells is the licensee for Weight Watchers Ice Cream. In 2007 and 2008, Wells sold its cultured dairy and fluid milk business to [[Dean Foods]] and its yogurt business to [[Grupo Lala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2007/12/20/news/latest_news/06119affd100906e862573b8000537e2.txt|title=Wells' Dairy selling milk plant, will focus on ice cream|date=20 December 2007 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemarssentinel.com/story/1306072.html|title=Mexican company buys Wells' Omaha yogurt plant|date=23 January 2008|publisher=}}</ref>
Wells is the second largest ice cream maker in the United States behind [[Unilever]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dreeszen |first1=Dave |title=Le Mars-based Wells Enterprises vaults to No. 2 ice cream producer in US after buying East Coast maker |url=https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/le-mars-based-wells-enterprises-vaults-to-no-ice-cream/article_6295d49f-34b4-592a-b5ce-3fd63faa50a5.html |accessdate=20 April 2020 |agency=Sioux City Journal |date=17 April 2019}}</ref> Wells produces the Blue Bunny brand, along with 2nd St. Creamery, [[Bomb Pop]] and several private label brands. In addition, Wells is the licensee for Weight Watchers Ice Cream. In 2007 and 2008, Wells sold its cultured dairy and fluid milk business to [[Dean Foods]] and its yogurt business to [[Grupo Lala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2007/12/20/news/latest_news/06119affd100906e862573b8000537e2.txt|title=Wells' Dairy selling milk plant, will focus on ice cream|date=20 December 2007 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemarssentinel.com/story/1306072.html|title=Mexican company buys Wells' Omaha yogurt plant|date=23 January 2008|publisher=}}</ref>

In 2023, it was reported that [[Ferrero SpA]] had completed the purchase of the company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.confectionerynews.com/Article/2024/02/15/US-acquisition-and-organic-growth-boost-Ferrero-s-turnover|title=US acquisition and organic growth boost Ferrero’s turnover|work=Confectionery News|access-date=2024-10-24|language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Line 24: Line 26:
In 1935, the Wells family decided to sell ice cream in Sioux City again. Unable to sell their product under their own name "Wells", they decided to hold a “Name That Ice Cream” contest in the Sioux City Journal. A Sioux City man won the $25 cash prize for the winning entry of “Blue Bunny” after noticing how much his son enjoyed the blue bunnies in a department store window at Easter.<ref name="Wells Dairy History"/>
In 1935, the Wells family decided to sell ice cream in Sioux City again. Unable to sell their product under their own name "Wells", they decided to hold a “Name That Ice Cream” contest in the Sioux City Journal. A Sioux City man won the $25 cash prize for the winning entry of “Blue Bunny” after noticing how much his son enjoyed the blue bunnies in a department store window at Easter.<ref name="Wells Dairy History"/>


After Fred H. Wells, Jr. died in 1954, his sons, Harold, Mike, Roy and Fay, and their cousin Fred D. Wells, son of Harry Cole Wells, ran the family business as a partnership. Meanwhile, new facilities were added in the postwar period. For example, the main part of the company, the North Plant, was built in Le Mars in the 1950s for the manufacture of ice cream products. In 1963, the company constructed its Milk Plant. The family retained ownership and management of the business after it was incorporated under Iowa law in 1977 as Wells' Dairy, Inc.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Wells-Dairy-Inc-Company-History.html|title=History of Wells' Dairy, Inc. – FundingUniverse|website=www.fundinguniverse.com}}</ref>
After Fred H. Wells, Jr. died in 1954, his sons, Harold, Mike, Roy and Fay, and their cousin Fred D. Wells, son of Harry Cole Wells, ran the family business as a partnership. Meanwhile, new facilities were added in the postwar period. For example, the main part of the company, the North Plant, was built in Le Mars in the 1950s for the manufacture of ice cream products. In 1963, the company constructed its Milk Plant. The family retained ownership and management of the business after it was incorporated under Iowa law in 1977 as Wells' Dairy, Inc.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Wells-Dairy-Inc-Company-History.html|title=History of Wells' Dairy, Inc. – FundingUniverse|website=www.fundinguniverse.com}}</ref> Fay and Fred Wells retired in January 2001, leaving the positions of CEO, president and COO to Fay Wells' sons and the positions of executive vice president and vice president of retail sales to Fred Wells' sons.<ref>{{Cite journal|via=Business Source Complete |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=4070243&site=eds-live&scope=site |title=Fay & Fred Wells Retire from Blue Bunny |date=2001 |journal=Dairy Foods |volume= 102 |issue=1 |page= 9}}</ref>


The newly incorporated business expanded in the 1980s. New corporate offices were added in 1980, and Wells built new facilities for its growing fleet of trucks used to deliver milk around Iowa. In 1983, Wells purchased an Omaha plant and after being remodeled, it processed milk, yogurt and fruit juice.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/>
The newly incorporated business expanded in the 1980s. New corporate offices were added in 1980, and Wells built new facilities for its growing fleet of trucks used to deliver milk around Iowa. In 1983, Wells purchased an Omaha plant and after being remodeled, it processed milk, yogurt and fruit juice.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/>


In the mid-1980s the firm's North Plant in Le Mars was enlarged through the purchase of five adjacent lots. New production lines, a mix department, and a high-rise freezer helped the company double the North Plant's capability. After completion, the expanded plant covered the equivalent of one city block, with the first floor taking up 109,000 square feet (10,100 m<sup>2</sup>) and its second floor comprising 44,000 square feet (4,100 m<sup>2</sup>). When D.S Abernethy's company Merritt Foods closed down in 1991, Wells' Dairy bought the business, including Bomb Pops.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2009/jun/29/ode-bomb-pop/ |title = Ode to the Bomb Pop |first = Chansi |last = Long |date = June 29, 2009 |work=LJWorld}}</ref> The ice cream had remained largely a regional brand until 1992 when it began an aggressive program to expand nationally. The centerpiece of the expansion is a 900,000-square-foot (84,000 m<sup>2</sup>) plant, which in addition to manufacturing includes a 12-story-tall freezer.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/> The plant is referred to as the “South Ice Cream Plant” because of its physical location on the south side of Le Mars. Operating two ice cream plants in Le Mars, Wells is the world’s largest manufacturer of ice cream in one location (which in turn has prompted Le Mars to claim the title of “Ice Cream Capital of the World”).<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/>
In the mid-1980s the firm's North Plant in Le Mars was enlarged through the purchase of five adjacent lots. New production lines, a mix department, and a high-rise freezer helped the company double the North Plant's capability. After completion, the expanded plant covered the equivalent of one city block, with the first floor taking up 109,000 square feet (10,100 m<sup>2</sup>) and its second floor comprising 44,000 square feet (4,100 m<sup>2</sup>). When D.S Abernethy's company Merritt Foods closed down in 1991, Wells' Dairy bought the business, including Bomb Pops.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2009/jun/29/ode-bomb-pop/ |title = Ode to the Bomb Pop |first = Chansi |last = Long |date = June 29, 2009 |work=LJWorld}}</ref> The ice cream had remained largely a regional brand until 1992 when it began an aggressive program to expand nationally. The centerpiece of the expansion is a 900,000-square-foot (84,000 m<sup>2</sup>) plant, which in addition to manufacturing includes a 12-story-tall freezer.<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/> The plant is referred to as the “South Ice Cream Plant” because of its physical location on the south side of Le Mars. Operating two ice cream plants in Le Mars, Wells is the world’s largest manufacturer of ice cream in one location (which in turn has prompted Le Mars to claim the title of “Ice Cream Capital of the World”).<ref name="fundinguniverse.com"/>
[[File:Bomb_pop.JPG|thumb|right|Original flavor Bomb Pop]]
[[File:Bomb_pop.JPG|thumb|right|Original flavor Bomb Pop]]
In 2003, an ice cream plant in St. George, Utah was opened to better meet the west coast market.<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/manufacturing/food-manufacturing-dairy-product-ice-cream/110046-1.html Wells' Dairy to build new plant in Utah - Allbusiness.com - January 2002] {{dead link|date=February 2016}}</ref> In 2014 Wells announced it would be closing the St. George, UT facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2014/09/02/mgk-blue-bunny-ice-cream-plant-closing-doors/#.WOxXXDxOKaM|title=Blue Bunny ice cream plant closing its doors|publisher=}}</ref>
In 2003, an ice cream plant in St. George, Utah was opened to better meet the west coast market.<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/manufacturing/food-manufacturing-dairy-product-ice-cream/110046-1.html Wells' Dairy to build new plant in Utah - Allbusiness.com - January 2002] {{dead link|date=February 2016}}</ref> In 2014 Wells announced it would be closing the St. George, UT facility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2014/09/02/mgk-blue-bunny-ice-cream-plant-closing-doors/#.WOxXXDxOKaM|title=Blue Bunny ice cream plant closing its doors|date=2 September 2014 |publisher=}}</ref>


In November 2007, Mike Wells was named CEO of Wells.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2007/11/15/news_business/local/67b7920598e8ead38625739400181d6c.txt|title=Mike Wells becomes CEO at Wells' Dairy|first=Dave|last=Dreeszen|date=15 November 2007 |publisher=[[Sioux City Journal]]}}</ref> In 2008, Wells Enterprises launched the Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope Program in partnership with the Jimmie Johnson Foundation. It allows consumers across the United States to nominate educational charities to receive a $25,000 grant.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Copple |first1=Katie |title=Blue Bunny Ice Cream teams up with NASCAR driver Jimmie Johnson for Helmet of Hope |url=https://siouxlandnews.com/news/local/blue-bunny-ice-cream-teams-up-with-nascar-driver-jimmie-johnson-for-helmet-of-hope |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=KMEG |date=18 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope grant recipients announced {{!}} Hendrick Motorsports |url=http://www.hendrickmotorsports.com/news/articles/90694/blue-bunny-helmet-of-hope-grant-recipients-announced |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=www.hendrickmotorsports.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2018 Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope |url=https://wellsenterprisesinc.com/news/helmet-of-hope-2018 |work=wellsenterprisesinc.com |language=en}}</ref>
In November 2007, Mike Wells was named CEO of Wells.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2007/11/15/news_business/local/67b7920598e8ead38625739400181d6c.txt|title=Mike Wells becomes CEO at Wells' Dairy|first=Dave|last=Dreeszen|date=15 November 2007 |publisher=[[Sioux City Journal]]}}</ref>


On 7 December 2022, the company announced its acquisition by [[Ferrero SpA|Ferrero Group]], an Italian confectionery manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ktiv.com/2022/12/07/wells-enterprises-be-acquired-by-ferrero-group/ | title=Wells Enterprises to be acquired by Ferrero Group | date=7 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/22/12/n29994397/ferrero-group-to-acquire-wells-enterprises-maker-of-ice-cream-brands-blue-bunny-and-bomb-pop | title=Ferrero Group to acquire Wells Enterprises, maker of ice cream brands Blue Bunny® and Bomb Pop® }}</ref>
On 7 December 2022, the company announced its acquisition by [[Ferrero SpA|Ferrero Group]], an Italian confectionery manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ktiv.com/2022/12/07/wells-enterprises-be-acquired-by-ferrero-group/ | title=Wells Enterprises to be acquired by Ferrero Group | date=7 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/22/12/n29994397/ferrero-group-to-acquire-wells-enterprises-maker-of-ice-cream-brands-blue-bunny-and-bomb-pop | title=Ferrero Group to acquire Wells Enterprises, maker of ice cream brands Blue Bunny® and Bomb Pop® }}</ref>

=== Blue Bunny ===
Blue Bunny Ice Cream is a brand of novelty ice cream products manufactured by Wells Enterprises.<ref name="Opp">{{Cite journal|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=74746577&site=eds-live&scope=site |last=Stone |first=Deanne |title=Blue Bunny's Opportunities Multiply |journal=Family Business |volume=23 |issue=2 |date=March 2012 |pages=44–48}}</ref>

The company received the "most delicious chocolate ice cream flavor award" at the 2008 International Dairy Foods Association Ice Cream Technology Conference,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=31793143&site=eds-live&scope=site |last=Phillips |first=David |date=2008 |title=Publix and Blue Bunny Take Top Prizes |journal=Dairy Foods |volume=109 |issue=4|page=31 }}</ref> the same year the Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope Program in partnership with the Jimmie Johnson Foundation was announced. The partnership allows consumers across the United States to nominate educational charities to receive a $25,000 grant.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Copple |first1=Katie |title=Blue Bunny Ice Cream teams up with NASCAR driver Jimmie Johnson for Helmet of Hope |url=https://siouxlandnews.com/news/local/blue-bunny-ice-cream-teams-up-with-nascar-driver-jimmie-johnson-for-helmet-of-hope |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=KMEG |date=18 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope grant recipients announced {{!}} Hendrick Motorsports |url=http://www.hendrickmotorsports.com/news/articles/90694/blue-bunny-helmet-of-hope-grant-recipients-announced |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=www.hendrickmotorsports.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2018 Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope |url=https://wellsenterprisesinc.com/news/helmet-of-hope-2018 |work=wellsenterprisesinc.com |language=en}}</ref>

Blue Bunny products were rated favorably in a 2013 edition of ''[[Consumer Reports]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |publisher=[[Consumer Reports]] |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=87441975&site=eds-live&scope=site |title=Just desserts: Frozen yogurt and ice cream |date=2013 |volume=78 |issue=6 |pages= 8–9 |access-date= 9 August 2024}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 44: Line 53:
*[http://www.weightwatchers.com/icecream Weight Watchers Ice Cream website]
*[http://www.weightwatchers.com/icecream Weight Watchers Ice Cream website]
{{Ferrero}}
{{Ferrero}}
[[Category:Announced mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1913]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1913]]
[[Category:Ice cream brands]]
[[Category:Ice cream brands]]

Latest revision as of 15:49, 24 October 2024

Wells Enterprises, Inc.
Company typePrivate
Founded1913; 111 years ago (1913)
FounderFred Wells
Headquarters
Le Mars, Iowa
,
U.S.
Key people
Liam Killeen, CEO[1]
OwnerFerrero SpA
WebsiteWellsEnterprisesInc.com

Wells Enterprises, Inc. is an American food company and is the largest family-owned and managed ice cream manufacturer in the United States, based in Le Mars, Iowa. It is the maker of Blue Bunny ice cream.

Wells is the second largest ice cream maker in the United States behind Unilever.[2] Wells produces the Blue Bunny brand, along with 2nd St. Creamery, Bomb Pop and several private label brands. In addition, Wells is the licensee for Weight Watchers Ice Cream. In 2007 and 2008, Wells sold its cultured dairy and fluid milk business to Dean Foods and its yogurt business to Grupo Lala.[3][4]

In 2023, it was reported that Ferrero SpA had completed the purchase of the company.[5]

History

[edit]

Fred H. Wells Jr. opened a milk route in 1913 in Le Mars after purchasing a horse, delivery wagon, and a few cans and jars for $250 from local dairy farmer Ray Bowers.

Around 1925, Wells and his sons began manufacturing ice cream and selling it in neighboring Iowa towns: Remsen, Alton and Sioux City. In 1928 Fairmont Ice Cream purchased the ice cream distribution system in Sioux City along with the right to use the Wells name.[6]

In 1935, the Wells family decided to sell ice cream in Sioux City again. Unable to sell their product under their own name "Wells", they decided to hold a “Name That Ice Cream” contest in the Sioux City Journal. A Sioux City man won the $25 cash prize for the winning entry of “Blue Bunny” after noticing how much his son enjoyed the blue bunnies in a department store window at Easter.[6]

After Fred H. Wells, Jr. died in 1954, his sons, Harold, Mike, Roy and Fay, and their cousin Fred D. Wells, son of Harry Cole Wells, ran the family business as a partnership. Meanwhile, new facilities were added in the postwar period. For example, the main part of the company, the North Plant, was built in Le Mars in the 1950s for the manufacture of ice cream products. In 1963, the company constructed its Milk Plant. The family retained ownership and management of the business after it was incorporated under Iowa law in 1977 as Wells' Dairy, Inc.[7] Fay and Fred Wells retired in January 2001, leaving the positions of CEO, president and COO to Fay Wells' sons and the positions of executive vice president and vice president of retail sales to Fred Wells' sons.[8]

The newly incorporated business expanded in the 1980s. New corporate offices were added in 1980, and Wells built new facilities for its growing fleet of trucks used to deliver milk around Iowa. In 1983, Wells purchased an Omaha plant and after being remodeled, it processed milk, yogurt and fruit juice.[7]

In the mid-1980s the firm's North Plant in Le Mars was enlarged through the purchase of five adjacent lots. New production lines, a mix department, and a high-rise freezer helped the company double the North Plant's capability. After completion, the expanded plant covered the equivalent of one city block, with the first floor taking up 109,000 square feet (10,100 m2) and its second floor comprising 44,000 square feet (4,100 m2). When D.S Abernethy's company Merritt Foods closed down in 1991, Wells' Dairy bought the business, including Bomb Pops.[9] The ice cream had remained largely a regional brand until 1992 when it began an aggressive program to expand nationally. The centerpiece of the expansion is a 900,000-square-foot (84,000 m2) plant, which in addition to manufacturing includes a 12-story-tall freezer.[7] The plant is referred to as the “South Ice Cream Plant” because of its physical location on the south side of Le Mars. Operating two ice cream plants in Le Mars, Wells is the world’s largest manufacturer of ice cream in one location (which in turn has prompted Le Mars to claim the title of “Ice Cream Capital of the World”).[7]

Original flavor Bomb Pop

In 2003, an ice cream plant in St. George, Utah was opened to better meet the west coast market.[10] In 2014 Wells announced it would be closing the St. George, UT facility.[11]

In November 2007, Mike Wells was named CEO of Wells.[12]

On 7 December 2022, the company announced its acquisition by Ferrero Group, an Italian confectionery manufacturer.[13][14]

Blue Bunny

[edit]

Blue Bunny Ice Cream is a brand of novelty ice cream products manufactured by Wells Enterprises.[15]

The company received the "most delicious chocolate ice cream flavor award" at the 2008 International Dairy Foods Association Ice Cream Technology Conference,[16] the same year the Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope Program in partnership with the Jimmie Johnson Foundation was announced. The partnership allows consumers across the United States to nominate educational charities to receive a $25,000 grant.[17][18][19]

Blue Bunny products were rated favorably in a 2013 edition of Consumer Reports.[20]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Leadership".
  2. ^ Dreeszen, Dave (17 April 2019). "Le Mars-based Wells Enterprises vaults to No. 2 ice cream producer in US after buying East Coast maker". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Wells' Dairy selling milk plant, will focus on ice cream". 20 December 2007.
  4. ^ "Mexican company buys Wells' Omaha yogurt plant". 23 January 2008.
  5. ^ "US acquisition and organic growth boost Ferrero's turnover". Confectionery News. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  6. ^ a b "Wells".
  7. ^ a b c d "History of Wells' Dairy, Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com.
  8. ^ "Fay & Fred Wells Retire from Blue Bunny". Dairy Foods. 102 (1): 9. 2001 – via Business Source Complete.
  9. ^ Long, Chansi (June 29, 2009). "Ode to the Bomb Pop". LJWorld.
  10. ^ Wells' Dairy to build new plant in Utah - Allbusiness.com - January 2002 [dead link‍]
  11. ^ "Blue Bunny ice cream plant closing its doors". 2 September 2014.
  12. ^ Dreeszen, Dave (15 November 2007). "Mike Wells becomes CEO at Wells' Dairy". Sioux City Journal.
  13. ^ "Wells Enterprises to be acquired by Ferrero Group". 7 December 2022.
  14. ^ "Ferrero Group to acquire Wells Enterprises, maker of ice cream brands Blue Bunny® and Bomb Pop®".
  15. ^ Stone, Deanne (March 2012). "Blue Bunny's Opportunities Multiply". Family Business. 23 (2): 44–48.
  16. ^ Phillips, David (2008). "Publix and Blue Bunny Take Top Prizes". Dairy Foods. 109 (4): 31.
  17. ^ Copple, Katie (18 March 2018). "Blue Bunny Ice Cream teams up with NASCAR driver Jimmie Johnson for Helmet of Hope". KMEG. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  18. ^ "Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope grant recipients announced | Hendrick Motorsports". www.hendrickmotorsports.com. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  19. ^ "2018 Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope". wellsenterprisesinc.com.
  20. ^ "Just desserts: Frozen yogurt and ice cream". Vol. 78, no. 6. Consumer Reports. 2013. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
[edit]
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