Arnold Ehret: Difference between revisions

Arnold Ehret
Arnold Ehret
	Freiburg, Germany, c. 1914/15
Born	29 July 1866; Freiburg, Grand Duchy of Baden
Died	10 October 1922 (aged 56); Los Angeles, California, US
	Scientific career
Fields	Naturopathy, Vitalism

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Arnold Ehret (July 29, 1866 – October 10, 1922)^[1]^[2] was a German naturopath, alternative health educator and germ theory denialist, best known for developing the Mucusless Diet Healing System.^[1]^[3]^[4] Ehret authored books and articles on dieting, detoxification, fruitarianism, fasting, food combining, health, longevity, naturopathy, physical culture and vitalism.

In opposition to medical science that asserts white blood cells are important components of the immune system, Ehret believed that white blood cells are caused by consuming mucus-forming foods, and as waste materials, poison the blood.^[5] His ideas about diet and disease have no scientific basis and have been criticized by medical experts as dangerous.^[5]^[6]

Life

Ehret was born in 1866, in St. Georgen (Black Forest), Schwarzwald, Baden, near Freiburg, southern Germany.^[7]

Ehret's interests were physics, chemistry, drawing and painting.^[7] In 1887 at age 21, he graduated as a Professor of Drawing^[1] from a college in Baden. After studying in Frankfurt,^[8] he then taught there at a technical school for 15 years.^[9] Ehret was discharged from the army after nine months because of a heart condition. During the 1890s his health deteriorated and he took interest in naturopathy.^[1] He visited Sebastian Kneipp's water cure sanatorium in Wörishofen. He embraced fasting and a diet that consisted primarily of fruit. He founded a Sanitarium in Switzerland and used his diet to treat people.^[1] He moved to the United States in 1914 and attended the Panama–Pacific International Exposition of 1915. He opened an office in Los Angeles to promote his ideas.^[1]

As a young man, it is alleged that Ehret was diagnosed with Bright's disease which he cured with his mucusless diet but no reliable evidence has confirmed this (Bright's Disease is inflammation of the kidneys).^[10] In his later life, Ehret convinced himself he possessed psychic powers. He attended seances and stated that he had contacted the spirit of his deceased father.^[10]

Ehret developed and marketed the Innerclean Intestinal Laxative. In the 1930s the product was investigated and found to be fraudulent (see criticism section).

Much of Ehret's early life is alleged to have been documented by Anita Bauer, a spiritualist.^[10] Bauer authored Arnold Ehret's Story of My Life in 1980 after claiming she had been visited by Ehret's ghost. Historians have questioned if the book is nothing more than "lurid fiction".^[10]

On 9 October 1922, Ehret fell while walking down a street sustaining a fatal injury to his head.^[1]

Views on human health

Disease

Ehret claimed that pus and mucus-forming foods were the cause of human disease,^[11] "schleimlose" (slime-free) foods were the key to human health,^[12]^[13] and "fasting (simply eating less) is Nature's omnipotent method of cleansing the body from the effects of wrong and too much eating."^[14]^[15]

Fasting

In 1907, Ehret, who was based in Freiburg, visited Monte Verità,^[16] a nature life colony in Ascona, Switzerland,^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20] near Lake Maggiore, whose visitors included Lenin and Trotsky.^[21] After collaborating with Henri Oedenkoven who owned a sanitarium at Monte Verità,^[22]^[23] Ehret opened one sanitarium in Ascona and another in nearby Lugano (Massagno), writing one of his books in Locarno.^[24] Around 1909, Ehret engaged in a series of public lectures and fasts monitored by German and Swiss officials. In 1909, he claimed he fasted for 105 days in total.^[25] In 1910, he wrote an article for a German vegetarian magazine about his 49-day fasting experience, which gained the public's interest, and which later appeared in his book Lebensfragen (Life Questions).^[25]^[26]

For 65 years, Fred and Lucille Hirsch published Ehret's literature and the torch symbol found on Ehret's books became the logo of the Ehret Health Club. In 1979, the Ehret Literature Publishing Company Inc, in New York, inherited Ehret's publications and archive of unpublished German manuscripts.^{[citation needed]}

Vitalism

Having denounced the nitrogenous-albumin metabolic theory in 1909, Ehret learned of a contemporary, Thomas Powell, in 1912, who concurred with his belief that "grape sugar" (simple sugars in fruits and vegetables) was the optimum fuel source, body building material, and agent of vital energy for humans, not protein rich foods.^[27] Powell had set out his beliefs in the book "Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease," published in 1909.^[28] Ehret claimed alkaline foods, which were also mucusless, formed the natural diet of humans.

Ehret asserted that the body is an air-gas engine, not dependent on food for energy, and that the body was not designed to utilize mucus-forming foods, offering the equation Vitality = Power − Obstruction (V = P − O) to demonstrate this.^[29] Ehret also claimed the lungs were the pump in the body, while the heart acted as a valve, with the blood controlling the heart. Ehret further believed that white blood cells were the result of ingesting mucus-forming foods.^[30]^[31]

Metabolism influence on health

Ehret maintained that new tissue was built primarily from simple sugars in fruits,^[32] not metabolised from protein and fat-rich foods. Ehret favored nuts and seeds only during transition (and only in the winter) to the ideal fruit diet, and even then, only "sparingly," condemning high-protein and fat-rich foods, as "unnatural," writing further that "no animals eat fats" and "all fats are acid forming, even those of vegetable origin, and are not used by the body."^[33] Later editions of his Mucusless Diet Healing System published by Fred S. Hirsch, claimed nuts were "mucus-free."^[34] Ehret specifically renounced meat, eggs, milk, fats, cereals, legumes, potatoes, and rice, whilst recognizing the transitional value in some of these.^[33] Ehret, citing Ragnar Berg, stated that fats and proteins were acid-forming and were to be consumed in moderation, as did Ehret's contemporary: Otto Carque.^[35]

Religious views

Along with his sister,^[36] Ehret was brought up as a Roman Catholic. He believed in God, but took issue with the Church because of its dietary requirements in a letter to the Pope, and subsequently quit the Church, though his faith in God remained. After his death, the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, who was aware of his writings on Jesus, wrote to Fred Hirsch to confirm he would ban Catholics from reading Ehret's religious writings, if published. Prior to this, Ehret was popular with the bishop and the Catholic fraternity.

Criticism

None of Ehret's claims are recognized as valid by experts in the scientific, medical, and nutritional fields to the present day. They largely contradict well-understood biology and chemistry, and are unsupported by any evidence.

Mucusless diets were critiqued as unscientific in the book Diet and Die by health writer Carl Malmberg in 1935.^[37] The "Special Committee on Aging" of the 88th US Congress published a report on "Frauds and Quackery effecting the Older Citizen" in 1963, in which it mentions Ehret as a quack whose "cultists earnestly believed that women who adhered to the diet program of 'Professor' Arnold Ehret could expect 'immaculate conception.'"^[38]

In 1978, Ehret's mucusless diet was listed as a fad diet as "its claims are not substantiated scientifically."^[6] Physician Terrence T. Kuske has written that Ehret's mucusless fruitarian diet "lack[s] high quality utilizable protein as well as adequate levels of many vitamins."^[39] Kuske also commented that "there is no evidence that prolonged fasting provides any significant benefits."^[39]

Nutritionist Kurt Butler and physician Lynn Rayner have noted:

Like macrobiotics, the mucusless diet system promotes a dangerous idea, that the more you suffer during starvation, the more you need to be starved to "cleanse the system". This leads unfortunate victims to cling fanatically to the system and dismiss all signs of malnutrition as signs that poisons are being expelled and the diet is working."^[5]

Ehret held a number of non-scientific beliefs that were documented by Butler and Rayner, such as:^[5]

White blood cells are decayed mucus in the blood that cause disease.
Lungs pump blood through the body; the heart is merely a valve.
Mental illness is the result of gas pressure on the brain from mucus decay.
Fasting can cure insanity.
Consuming rice causes leprosy.
Dandruff is dried mucus.
A mucus-free body never sweats.
Nocturnal emissions expel mucus, but cease on a mucusless diet.
Gonorrhoea is caused by eating mucus foods.
A clean-blooded body sends electromagnetic radiation through the hair, which is important in sexual attraction.
Hairless persons are sexually inferior.
The white race is unnatural. The white skin colour is the result of mucus-laden white blood corpuscles clogging the system.

Ehret was a germ theory denialist and made many other pseudoscientific claims such as his mucusless diet system curing blindness and deafness.^[4] He also stated that fasting could cause electricity to run through the body awakening one to a "spiritual world".^[4]

Innerclean

Ehret's Innerclean Intestinal Laxative was produced by the Innerclean Manufacturing Company of Los Angeles and was sold through mail order. The Innerclean product was issued with a four-page leaflet advertising the Mucusless-Diet Healing System of Ehret.^[40] The product was said to cleanse and rejuvenate the intestines by "remov[ing] from the intestines hardened feces, mucus, and other age-old uneliminated, imperfectly digested, fatty substances."^[40] An examination by the American Medical Association's Chemical Laboratory revealed that the product was made from a mixture of chopped herbs such as Senna, an indigestible residue of agar, and sand. In 1926, the Journal of the American Medical Association noted that "the harm that a mixture of that sort might do to an inflamed mucous membrane or an inflamed intestinal mucous membrane can easily be realized by physicians and even intelligent laymen."^[40]

In October 1931, 125 cartons of Innerclean were seized at Brooklyn, New York, because of misbranding in violation of the Pure Food and Drug Act.^[41] The United States Secretary of Agriculture Arthur M. Hyde reported from sampling Innerclean that it was made from Senna leaves, anise seed, and sassafras bark. The product was misbranded with false and misleading health claims. The court released the product under a $4,000 bond, conditioned on agreement that the advisement on the packages was to be removed and destroyed under supervision of the United States Department of Agriculture.^[41]

Later interest

In 1950, Swiss author Eduard Berthollet described Ehretism in Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne (The Return To The Health And The Wholesome Way By Fasting).^[42]

In the 1960s, Ehret's writings gained popularity with the hippie and surf culture of San Francisco, Hawaii, and California.^[43] In the 1970s, Paul Bragg rewrote The Mucusless Diet Healing System ^[44]^[45] and Rational Fasting ^[46]^[47] with Hirsch's permission. In 1973, Manuel Lezaeta integrated Ehret's ideas with his 'thermal doctrine' for the elimination of toxins in La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos.^[48]

Selected bibliography

Ehret, Arnold (1935). Kranke Menschen (Fasting Teachings: The Cause & Cure of Human Illness). München: Carl Kuhn Verlag.
Ehret, Arnold (1971). Kranke Menschen. USA: Benedict Lust Publishers.
Ehret, Arnold (1924). Mucusless Diet Healing System (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, California: Ehret Literature Publishing Co.
Ehret, Arnold (1970). Mucusless Diet Healing System a Scientific Method of Eating Your Way to Health. New York: Benedict Lust Publishers.
Ehret, Arnold (1938). Physical Culture: Fasting and Dietetics (4th ed.). Beaumont, California: Ehret Literature Publishing Co.
Ehret, Arnold (2014). Prof. Arnold Ehret's Mucusless Diet Healing System Annotated, Revised, and Edited by Prof. Spira (2nd ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Breathair Publishing.
Ehret, Arnold (2017). Prof. Arnold Ehret's Physical Fitness Thru a Superior Diet Fasting, and Dietetics also a Religious Concept of Physical Spiritual, and Mental Dietetics (1st ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Breathair Publishing.
Ehret, Arnold (2014). Prof. Arnold Ehret's Rational Fasting for Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Rejuvenation (1st ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Breathair Publishing.
Ehret, Arnold (1938). Rational Fasting for Physical Mental & Spiritual Rejuvenation (6th ed.). Beuamont, California: Ehret Literature Publishing Co.
Ehret, Arnold (1971). Rational Fasting: a Scientific Method of Fasting Your Way to Health. USA: Benedict Lust Publishers.
Ehret, Arnold (2001). The Cause and Cure of Human Illness (2nd ed.). New York: Ehret Literature Publishing Co.
Ehret, Arnold (1975). The Definite Cure of Chronic Constipation. California: Ehret Literature Publishing Co. Inc.
Ehret, Arnold (2014). The Definite Cure of Chronic Constipation and Overcoming Constipation Naturally (2nd ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Breathair Publishing.
Ehret, Arnold (1923). Thus Speaketh the Stomach / the Tragedy of Nutrition. New York: Ehret Literature Publishing Co. Inc.
Ehret, Arnold (2014). Thus Speaketh the Stomach and the Tragedy of Nutrition (2nd ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Breathair Publishing.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Melton, Gordon J. (1990). New Age Encyclopedia. Gale Research. p. 159. ISBN 0-8103-7159-6
^ "Death Certificate". Arnold Ehret Italia.
^ Williams, William F. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 1-57958-207-9
^ ^a ^b ^c Tucker, S. D. (2018). Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History. Amberley Publishing. pp. 214-220. ISBN 978-1-4456-7181-9
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133-135. ISBN 0-06-250123-2
^ ^a ^b Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). Nutrition in Clinical Care. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. ISBN 978-0070305458
^ ^a ^b Child, B. W. "Biographical Sketch of Prof. Arnold Ehret", in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: Ehret Literature Publishing Company, 1994.
^ Arnold Ehret's The Story of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 14
^ Arnold Ehret's The Story Of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 12, page 29
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tucker, S. D. (2018). Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History. Amberley Publishing. pp. 224-228. ISBN 978-1-4456-7181-9
^ "Dr. (Heinrich) Lahmann said "Every disease is caused by carbonic acid and gas." But he did not learn its source in decayed, uneliminated food substances - the mucus in a state of continuous fermentation.", Arnold Ehret, Mucusless Diet Healing System, ELPC Inc, 1994, page 91
^ Herbs for Improved Digestion, C. J. Puotinen, McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998, page 7, "Ehretists, disciples of Arnold Ehret, still follow his mucus-less diet and avoid mucus-causing foods."
^ "Only fruit, the sole mucus-free nourishment, is natural" The Cause & Cure Of Human Illness: The Common Root Cause Of All Disease, Aging & Death by Professor Arnold Ehret, Translated by Max Fischer, Ehret Publishing Literature Company Inc, 2002
^ Fred Hirsch in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: ELPC, 1994, page 9
^ "Transition diet and fasting are the real and only keys to a superior life - to the revelation of a superior world, and to the spiritual world.", Arnold Ehret in The Mucusless Diet Healing System, USA: ELPC Inc, 75th Anniversary Edition, 1994
^ Locarno et ses Environs. Fremdenblatt mit offizieller Fremdenliste. Visitors' Journal and Official List, 6. Jahrg., Nr. 6, 23. February 1907 bis Nr. 25, 18. May 1907.
^ Ascona: Monte Verità: Auf der Suche nach dem Paradies. Landmann & Roman von Werner Ackermann, Frauenfeld: Huber, 1990, ISBN 3-7193-1219-4.
^ Monte Verità: Ascona's Mountain of Truth. Mara Folini, Bern 2000.
^ * Monte Verità: Sanatorium der Sehnsucht. Andreas Schwab, Zürich: Orell Füssli, 2003. ISBN 3-280-06013-3
^ "Mountain Of Truth: The Counterculture Begins - Ascona 1900-1920. Martin Green, University Press Of New England, Hanover & London/Tufts, 1986.
^ Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945 (Cambridge Studies in the History of Medicine), Paul Weindling, page 79, "The physician, Raphael Friedeberg, underwent a metamorphosis from adviser to sickness insurance funds and SPD member in the 1890s to anarchism and Lebensreform in the 1900s. He replaced materialism by a creed of 'psychism,' and conventional medical therapy by nature therapy. His settlement at Monte Verita near Ascona pioneered the first 'air huts' or Lufthütten for fresh air and nature therapy. The colony's vegetarianism and anarchism attracted such visitors as Bakunin, Kropotkin, Lenin, and Trotsky."
^ Robert Landmann, Ascona: Monte Verità, Ullstein, 1979, ISBN 3-548-34013-X.
^ Schwab, Andreas. Monte Verità - Sanatorium der Sehnsucht, Zürich: Orell Füssli 2003. ISBN 3-280-06013-3
^ The Cause And Cure Of Human Illness, Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 2002
^ ^a ^b Lebesfragen, Arnold Ehret, Carl Kuhn Verlag, Munich, 1923
^ The Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, ELPC Inc 1994, page 20 "It had a sensational and revolutionizing effect."
^ Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D.: "In 1909, Ehret wrote an article for the European health magazines denouncing the metabolic theory, and in 1912 learned that Thomas Powell, M.D., of Los Angeles had made the same discovery and was effecting wonderful cures by using foods containing what he called 'organized carbon' which is the same food ingredient that develops into grape-sugar during digestion."; "grape-sugar of carbohydrates was the source of vitality and vital energy, and not the proteids". Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971)
^ Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease, Thomas Powell, Powell Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California, 1909, Introduction to Part One, page 15, "The New Vital Philosophy: Comprehending the Basic Principles of Biology, Physiology and Dietetics - unraveling the manifold Mysteries of Vegetation, Nutrition, Nerve Action and Locomotion, by showing how energy is stored in Food; how Nutrition is effected; how Food-Energy is transformed into the VITOMOTIVE POWER, or Muscular Energy; that this agent possesses, at its maximum efficiency, a Dynamic Equivalent of 600 lbs. to the square inch; what this Mighty Power is; from what element of the food it is developed; and how it sets the VITAL MACHINERY in motion."
^ Guy Bogart, Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "Man is working against too much friction in his human machine. Hidden away in every part of the human body are thousands of feet of small and almost invisible tubes through which the blood circulates like the water in a water motor. If the blood stream contains sticky mucus from wrong eating, the body machine has to work under continual friction, like a car slowed down by applying the brake."
^ Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D., Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "The excessive appearance of the white blood corpuscles, i.e., of the white dead mucus, as compared with the red sugar and iron substances is becoming dangerous to life. Red-colored and sweet is the visible token of life and love; white, pale, colorless, bitter, the token of disease and the overwhelming by mucus, the slow dying of the individual."
^ The Purple Seal: Breaking The Plague of Chronic Diseases and Syndromes, George Washington Singleton III, BRCA Incorporated, page 41, "Arnold Ehret who first identified the Caucasian Peoples' white skin color as physiopathogenicity in his 1922 classic nutritional herbology book Mucusless Diet Healing System; goes on and explains how he reversed his own white color back to its original brown color and everyone thought he was a Native American or Asian Indian via a "natural sun tan" regime. He achieved this by following his own Mucusless Diet Healing System, i.e. a Herbivore/Vegan diet using foods that remove the undigested animal residues he calls "mucus" that gives the white blood cells their characteristic white color from their phagocytosis of Animal/Dietary Cholestrol in their "house cleaning" sanitary body maintenance duties."
^ "These elements or ingredients are known as "organized carbon and "grape sugar". Their presence in sufficient quantities, refutes the now current idea that the organic, mineral or tissue salts, are the energy producing elements. They exist only in infinitesimal amounts in all foods, and part of them are drugs. Neither are the number of calories ("heat units" by calorimeter tests), reasonable basis for selecting a proper diet. My over forty years of observation, experiences and research have proven conclusively to me that fruits and vegetables have all the tissue salts needed, and that the presence of actually well known ingredients in sufficient quantity are the energy and life supporting ingredients which make them the superior of all other foods, when the debris (mucus) from the "mucus-rich" foods is eliminated.", Professor. B. W. Child, Introduction, "The Mucusless Diet Healing System", Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 21
^ ^a ^b Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, chapter "The Destructive Diet Of Civilization"
^ Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 90
^ "Medical science is still suffering from Liebig's old theory that the human or animal muscle works on proteins, whereas as a matter of fact nearly all heat and energy are produced by fats and carbohydrates. It is now an established fact that the adult body cannot make use of more than about five per cent protein, of the total amount of solid food needed daily.", Rational Diet: An Advanced Treatise on the Food Question, Otto Carque, Health Research Books, 1996, page 355
^ Arnold Ehret's The Story Of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 21, 28
^ Malmberg, Carl. (1935). Mucusless Diets and the Back-to-Nature Cults. In Diet and Die. Hillman-Curl, Inc. pp. 91-95
^ Hearing before the Special Committee on Aging. United States Senate, 88th Congress. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC: 1963. pp. 133-134
^ ^a ^b Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). Quackery and Fad Diets. In Elaine B. Feldman. Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291-303. ISBN 0-7236-7046-3
^ ^a ^b ^c Camp, Arthur J. (1936). Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3. Press of the American Medical Association. pp. 72-73
^ ^a ^b Misbranding of Innerclean. U. S. v. 125 cartons of Innerclean. Consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture. Product released under bond. Notices of Judgment Under the Food and Drugs Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1932.
^ Berthollet, Eduard. (1950). Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne (The Return To Health By Fasting), Editor: Pierre Gnenillard, Lausanne, Switzerland: Laurea de Luniversie De Lausanne, 1920s. "Le livre du Docteur Bertholet". Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
^ "Ehret later migrated to southern California and helped to spawn a new sub-culture in America, based upon his natural philosophy and lifestyle.", "His "Rational Fasting" (1914) and "Mucus-less Diet"(1922) were literary standbys within hippie circles in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the 1960s.", Hippie Roots and the Perennial Sub-Culture, Gordon Kennedy, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ The Bragg Toxicless Diet Body Purification and Healing System Paul Bragg, Health Science Publishers, reprint, 1988
^ Bragg Healthy Lifestyle-Vital Living to 120! (Formerly Titled: Toxicless Diet, Body Purification & Healing System) by Patricia Bragg, N.D., Ph.D., Paul C. Bragg, Health Science Publishers, 2000
^ The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I feel that fasting has done a great deal to eliminate the mucus from my body. I faithfully live on a mucusless diet and always take my weekly 24 hour fast to help keep any mucus and toxins that I may have accumulated in my body flowing out. I want to keep my machinery clean."
^ The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I can tell you all the great health benefits that fasting, a mucusless and meatless diet will do for you. But it's best you simply try it yourself, then you be the judge."
^ Lezaeta Acharán, Manuel. La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos, Buenos Aires: Editorial Kier, 1979.

External links

[Melton_1990-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Melton, Gordon J. (1990). New Age Encyclopedia. Gale Research. p. 159. ISBN 0-8103-7159-6

[2] "Death Certificate". Arnold Ehret Italia.

[3] Williams, William F. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 1-57958-207-9

[Tucker_2018-4] Tucker, S. D. (2018). Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History. Amberley Publishing. pp. 214-220. ISBN 978-1-4456-7181-9

[Butler_1985-5] Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133-135. ISBN 0-06-250123-2

[Howard_1978-6] Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). Nutrition in Clinical Care. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. ISBN 978-0070305458

[Child,_B._W._1994-7] Child, B. W. "Biographical Sketch of Prof. Arnold Ehret", in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: Ehret Literature Publishing Company, 1994.

[8] Arnold Ehret's The Story of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 14

[9] Arnold Ehret's The Story Of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 12, page 29

[Tucker_224-10] Tucker, S. D. (2018). Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History. Amberley Publishing. pp. 224-228. ISBN 978-1-4456-7181-9

[11] "Dr. (Heinrich) Lahmann said "Every disease is caused by carbonic acid and gas." But he did not learn its source in decayed, uneliminated food substances - the mucus in a state of continuous fermentation.", Arnold Ehret, Mucusless Diet Healing System, ELPC Inc, 1994, page 91

[12] Herbs for Improved Digestion, C. J. Puotinen, McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998, page 7, "Ehretists, disciples of Arnold Ehret, still follow his mucus-less diet and avoid mucus-causing foods."

[13] "Only fruit, the sole mucus-free nourishment, is natural" The Cause & Cure Of Human Illness: The Common Root Cause Of All Disease, Aging & Death by Professor Arnold Ehret, Translated by Max Fischer, Ehret Publishing Literature Company Inc, 2002

[14] Fred Hirsch in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: ELPC, 1994, page 9

[15] "Transition diet and fasting are the real and only keys to a superior life - to the revelation of a superior world, and to the spiritual world.", Arnold Ehret in The Mucusless Diet Healing System, USA: ELPC Inc, 75th Anniversary Edition, 1994

[16] Locarno et ses Environs. Fremdenblatt mit offizieller Fremdenliste. Visitors' Journal and Official List, 6. Jahrg., Nr. 6, 23. February 1907 bis Nr. 25, 18. May 1907.

[17] Ascona: Monte Verità: Auf der Suche nach dem Paradies. Landmann & Roman von Werner Ackermann, Frauenfeld: Huber, 1990, ISBN 3-7193-1219-4.

[18] Monte Verità: Ascona's Mountain of Truth. Mara Folini, Bern 2000.

[19] * Monte Verità: Sanatorium der Sehnsucht. Andreas Schwab, Zürich: Orell Füssli, 2003. ISBN 3-280-06013-3

[20] "Mountain Of Truth: The Counterculture Begins - Ascona 1900-1920. Martin Green, University Press Of New England, Hanover & London/Tufts, 1986.

[21] Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945 (Cambridge Studies in the History of Medicine), Paul Weindling, page 79, "The physician, Raphael Friedeberg, underwent a metamorphosis from adviser to sickness insurance funds and SPD member in the 1890s to anarchism and Lebensreform in the 1900s. He replaced materialism by a creed of 'psychism,' and conventional medical therapy by nature therapy. His settlement at Monte Verita near Ascona pioneered the first 'air huts' or Lufthütten for fresh air and nature therapy. The colony's vegetarianism and anarchism attracted such visitors as Bakunin, Kropotkin, Lenin, and Trotsky."

[22] Robert Landmann, Ascona: Monte Verità, Ullstein, 1979, ISBN 3-548-34013-X.

[23] Schwab, Andreas. Monte Verità - Sanatorium der Sehnsucht, Zürich: Orell Füssli 2003. ISBN 3-280-06013-3

[24] The Cause And Cure Of Human Illness, Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 2002

[lebesfragen-25] Lebesfragen, Arnold Ehret, Carl Kuhn Verlag, Munich, 1923

[26] The Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, ELPC Inc 1994, page 20 "It had a sensational and revolutionizing effect."

[27] Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D.: "In 1909, Ehret wrote an article for the European health magazines denouncing the metabolic theory, and in 1912 learned that Thomas Powell, M.D., of Los Angeles had made the same discovery and was effecting wonderful cures by using foods containing what he called 'organized carbon' which is the same food ingredient that develops into grape-sugar during digestion."; "grape-sugar of carbohydrates was the source of vitality and vital energy, and not the proteids". Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971)

[28] Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease, Thomas Powell, Powell Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California, 1909, Introduction to Part One, page 15, "The New Vital Philosophy: Comprehending the Basic Principles of Biology, Physiology and Dietetics - unraveling the manifold Mysteries of Vegetation, Nutrition, Nerve Action and Locomotion, by showing how energy is stored in Food; how Nutrition is effected; how Food-Energy is transformed into the VITOMOTIVE POWER, or Muscular Energy; that this agent possesses, at its maximum efficiency, a Dynamic Equivalent of 600 lbs. to the square inch; what this Mighty Power is; from what element of the food it is developed; and how it sets the VITAL MACHINERY in motion."

[29] Guy Bogart, Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "Man is working against too much friction in his human machine. Hidden away in every part of the human body are thousands of feet of small and almost invisible tubes through which the blood circulates like the water in a water motor. If the blood stream contains sticky mucus from wrong eating, the body machine has to work under continual friction, like a car slowed down by applying the brake."

[30] Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D., Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "The excessive appearance of the white blood corpuscles, i.e., of the white dead mucus, as compared with the red sugar and iron substances is becoming dangerous to life. Red-colored and sweet is the visible token of life and love; white, pale, colorless, bitter, the token of disease and the overwhelming by mucus, the slow dying of the individual."

[31] The Purple Seal: Breaking The Plague of Chronic Diseases and Syndromes, George Washington Singleton III, BRCA Incorporated, page 41, "Arnold Ehret who first identified the Caucasian Peoples' white skin color as physiopathogenicity in his 1922 classic nutritional herbology book Mucusless Diet Healing System; goes on and explains how he reversed his own white color back to its original brown color and everyone thought he was a Native American or Asian Indian via a "natural sun tan" regime. He achieved this by following his own Mucusless Diet Healing System, i.e. a Herbivore/Vegan diet using foods that remove the undigested animal residues he calls "mucus" that gives the white blood cells their characteristic white color from their phagocytosis of Animal/Dietary Cholestrol in their "house cleaning" sanitary body maintenance duties."

[:0-32] "These elements or ingredients are known as "organized carbon and "grape sugar". Their presence in sufficient quantities, refutes the now current idea that the organic, mineral or tissue salts, are the energy producing elements. They exist only in infinitesimal amounts in all foods, and part of them are drugs. Neither are the number of calories ("heat units" by calorimeter tests), reasonable basis for selecting a proper diet. My over forty years of observation, experiences and research have proven conclusively to me that fruits and vegetables have all the tissue salts needed, and that the presence of actually well known ingredients in sufficient quantity are the energy and life supporting ingredients which make them the superior of all other foods, when the debris (mucus) from the "mucus-rich" foods is eliminated.", Professor. B. W. Child, Introduction, "The Mucusless Diet Healing System", Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 21

[Mucusless_Diet_Healing_System_PC-33] Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, chapter "The Destructive Diet Of Civilization"

[34] Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 90

[35] "Medical science is still suffering from Liebig's old theory that the human or animal muscle works on proteins, whereas as a matter of fact nearly all heat and energy are produced by fats and carbohydrates. It is now an established fact that the adult body cannot make use of more than about five per cent protein, of the total amount of solid food needed daily.", Rational Diet: An Advanced Treatise on the Food Question, Otto Carque, Health Research Books, 1996, page 355

[36] Arnold Ehret's The Story Of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 21, 28

[37] Malmberg, Carl. (1935). Mucusless Diets and the Back-to-Nature Cults. In Diet and Die. Hillman-Curl, Inc. pp. 91-95

[38] Hearing before the Special Committee on Aging. United States Senate, 88th Congress. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC: 1963. pp. 133-134

[Kuske_1983-39] Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). Quackery and Fad Diets. In Elaine B. Feldman. Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291-303. ISBN 0-7236-7046-3

[Camp_1936-40] Camp, Arthur J. (1936). Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3. Press of the American Medical Association. pp. 72-73

[Report-41] Misbranding of Innerclean. U. S. v. 125 cartons of Innerclean. Consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture. Product released under bond. Notices of Judgment Under the Food and Drugs Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1932.

[42] Berthollet, Eduard. (1950). Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne (The Return To Health By Fasting), Editor: Pierre Gnenillard, Lausanne, Switzerland: Laurea de Luniversie De Lausanne, 1920s. "Le livre du Docteur Bertholet". Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.

[43] "Ehret later migrated to southern California and helped to spawn a new sub-culture in America, based upon his natural philosophy and lifestyle.", "His "Rational Fasting" (1914) and "Mucus-less Diet"(1922) were literary standbys within hippie circles in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the 1960s.", Hippie Roots and the Perennial Sub-Culture, Gordon Kennedy, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[44] The Bragg Toxicless Diet Body Purification and Healing System Paul Bragg, Health Science Publishers, reprint, 1988

[45] Bragg Healthy Lifestyle-Vital Living to 120! (Formerly Titled: Toxicless Diet, Body Purification & Healing System) by Patricia Bragg, N.D., Ph.D., Paul C. Bragg, Health Science Publishers, 2000

[46] The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I feel that fasting has done a great deal to eliminate the mucus from my body. I faithfully live on a mucusless diet and always take my weekly 24 hour fast to help keep any mucus and toxins that I may have accumulated in my body flowing out. I want to keep my machinery clean."

[47] The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I can tell you all the great health benefits that fasting, a mucusless and meatless diet will do for you. But it's best you simply try it yourself, then you be the judge."

[48] Lezaeta Acharán, Manuel. La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos, Buenos Aires: Editorial Kier, 1979.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|German naturopath and alternative health educator}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 |caption           = Freiburg, Germany, {{circa|1914/15}}
 |birth_date        = {{Birth date|1866|7|29|df=y}}
-|birth_place       = [[Freiburg]], [[Grand Duchy of Baden]], [[German Confederation]]
+|birth_place       = [[Freiburg]], [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]
 |death_date        = {{Death date and age|1922|10|10|1866|7|29|df=yes}}
-|death_place       = [[Los Angeles]], California
+|death_place       = [[Los Angeles]], California, US
-|death_cause     = [[Head injury]]
 |residence         =
 |citizenship       =
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 }}
-'''Arnold Ehret''' (July 29, 1866{{snds}} October 10, 1922)<ref name="Melton 1990">Melton, Gordon J. (1990). ''New Age Encyclopedia''. Gale Research. p. 159. {{ISBN|0-8103-7159-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arnoldehret.it/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Arnold-Ehret-death-certificate.jpg|title=Death Certificate|website=Arnold Ehret Italia}}</ref> was a German [[Naturopathy|naturopath]] and [[Alternative medicine|alternative health]] educator, best known for developing the Mucusless Diet Healing System.<ref name="Melton 1990"/><ref>Williams, William F. (2000). ''[[Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy]]''. Routledge. p. 95. {{ISBN|1-57958-207-9}}</ref> Ehret authored books and articles on [[diet (nutrition)|dieting]], [[Detoxification (alternative medicine)|detoxification]], [[fruitarianism]], [[fasting]], [[food combining]], [[health]], [[longevity]], [[naturopathy]], [[physical culture]] and [[vitalism]].
+'''Arnold Ehret''' (July 29, 1866{{snds}} October 10, 1922)<ref name="Melton 1990">Melton, Gordon J. (1990). ''New Age Encyclopedia''. Gale Research. p. 159. {{ISBN|0-8103-7159-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arnoldehret.it/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Arnold-Ehret-death-certificate.jpg|title=Death Certificate|website=Arnold Ehret Italia}}</ref> was a German [[Naturopathy|naturopath]], [[Alternative medicine|alternative health]] educator and [[germ theory denialist]], best known for developing the Mucusless Diet Healing System.<ref name="Melton 1990"/><ref>Williams, William F. (2000). ''Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy''. Routledge. p. 95. {{ISBN|1-57958-207-9}}</ref><ref name="Tucker 2018">Tucker, S. D. (2018). ''Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History''. [[Amberley Publishing]]. pp. 214-220. {{ISBN|978-1-4456-7181-9}}</ref> Ehret authored books and articles on [[diet (nutrition)|dieting]], [[Detoxification (alternative medicine)|detoxification]], [[fruitarianism]], [[fasting]], [[food combining]], [[health]], [[longevity]], [[naturopathy]], [[physical culture]] and [[vitalism]].
-In opposition to medical science that asserts [[white blood cell]]s are important components of the immune system, Ehret believed that white blood cells were caused by consuming mucus-forming foods, and as waste materials, poison the blood.<ref name="Butler 1985">Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). ''The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook''. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133-135. {{ISBN|0-06-250123-2}}</ref> His ideas about diet and disease have no scientific basis and have been criticized by medical experts as dangerous.<ref name="Butler 1985"/><ref name="Howard 1978">Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). ''Nutrition in Clinical Care''. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. {{ISBN|978-0070305458}}</ref>
+In opposition to medical science that asserts [[white blood cell]]s are important components of the immune system, Ehret believed that white blood cells are caused by consuming mucus-forming foods, and as waste materials, poison the blood.<ref name="Butler 1985">Butler, Kurt; Rayner, Lynn. (1985). ''The Best Medicine: The Complete Health and Preventive Medicine Handbook''. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco. pp. 133-135. {{ISBN|0-06-250123-2}}</ref> His ideas about diet and disease have no scientific basis and have been criticized by medical experts as dangerous.<ref name="Butler 1985"/><ref name="Howard 1978">Howard, Rosanne Beatrice; Herbold, Nancie Harvey. (1978). ''Nutrition in Clinical Care''. McGraw-Hill. p. 276. {{ISBN|978-0070305458}}</ref>
 == Life ==
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 Ehret's interests were [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[drawing]] and [[painting]].<ref name="Child, B. W. 1994" /> In 1887 at age 21, he graduated as a Professor of Drawing<ref name="Melton 1990"/> from a college in [[Baden]]. After studying in [[Frankfurt]],<ref>Arnold Ehret's The Story of My Life as told to Anita Bauer, Beneficial Books, 1980, page 14</ref> he then taught there at a technical school for 15 years.<ref>''Arnold Ehret's The Story Of My Life as told to Anita Bauer'', Beneficial Books, 1980, page 12, page 29</ref>
 Ehret was discharged from the army after nine months because of a heart condition. During the 1890s his health deteriorated and he took interest in [[naturopathy]].<ref name="Melton 1990"/> He visited [[Sebastian Kneipp]]'s water cure sanatorium in [[Bad Wörishofen|Wörishofen]]. He embraced [[fasting]] and a diet that consisted primarily of fruit. He founded a Sanitarium in Switzerland and used his diet to treat people.<ref name="Melton 1990"/> He moved to the United States in 1914 and attended the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] of 1915. He opened an office in Los Angeles to promote his ideas.<ref name="Melton 1990"/>
+As a young man, it is alleged that Ehret was diagnosed with [[Bright's disease]] which he cured with his mucusless diet but no reliable evidence has confirmed this (Bright's Disease is inflammation of the [[kidneys]]).<ref name="Tucker 224">Tucker, S. D. (2018). ''Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History''. [[Amberley Publishing]]. pp. 224-228. {{ISBN|978-1-4456-7181-9}}</ref> In his later life, Ehret convinced himself he possessed [[psychic]] powers. He attended seances and stated that he had contacted the spirit of his deceased father.<ref name="Tucker 224"/>
-By age 31, he developed [[Bright's disease]] which was cured by his mucusless diet. (inflammation of the [[kidneys]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://ndnr.com/nature-cure/nature-cure-arnold-ehret/|title=Nature Cure Pioneer: Arnold Ehret|website=Naturopathic Doctor News and Review|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref>
-On October 9, 1922 Ehret fell while walking down a street sustaining a fatal injury to his head.<ref name="Melton 1990"/> His ashes were preserved in a bronze acorn on Coleus Terrace.<ref>"He died in Los Angeles, where his ashes are contained in a bronze acorn at Coleus Terrace, Forest Lawn, in Glendale, California.", Chapter, "Arnold Ehret", Children Of The Sun, Gordon Kennedy, Navaria Press, 1998.</ref> His most well known book, ''Mucusless Diet Healing System'', was published shortly after his death.<ref name="Melton 1990"/>
 Ehret developed and marketed the Innerclean Intestinal Laxative. In the 1930s the product was investigated and found to be fraudulent (see criticism section).
+Much of Ehret's early life is alleged to have been documented by Anita Bauer, a spiritualist.<ref name="Tucker 224"/> Bauer authored ''Arnold Ehret's Story of My Life'' in 1980 after claiming she had been visited by Ehret's ghost. Historians have questioned if the book is nothing more than "lurid fiction".<ref name="Tucker 224"/>
+On 9 October 1922, Ehret fell while walking down a street sustaining a fatal injury to his head.<ref name="Melton 1990"/>
 == Views on human health ==
@@ Line 53: / Line 54: @@
 === Disease ===
-Ehret claimed that pus and mucus-forming foods were the cause of human disease,<ref>"Dr. (Heinrich) Lahmann said "Every disease is caused by carbonic acid and gas." But he did not learn its source in decayed, uneliminated food substances - the mucus in a state of continuous fermentation.", Arnold Ehret, Mucusless Diet Healing System, ELPC Inc, 1994, page 91</ref> "schleimlose" (slime-free) foods were the key to human health<ref>Herbs for Improved Digestion, C. J. Puotinen, McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998, page 7, "Ehretists, disciples of Arnold Ehret, still follow his mucus-less diet and avoid mucus-causing foods."</ref><ref>"Only fruit, the sole mucus-free nourishment, is natural" ''The Cause & Cure Of Human Illness: The Common Root Cause Of All Disease, Aging & Death'' by Professor Arnold Ehret, Translated by Max Fischer, Ehret Publishing Literature Company Inc, 2002</ref> and "fasting (simply eating less) is Nature's omnipotent method of cleansing the body from the effects of wrong and too much eating."<ref>Fred Hirsch in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: ELPC, 1994, page 9</ref><ref>"Transition diet and fasting are the real and only keys to a superior life - to the revelation of a superior world, and to the spiritual world.", Arnold Ehret in ''The Mucusless Diet Healing System, USA: ELPC Inc, 75th Anniversary Edition, 1994''</ref>
+Ehret claimed that pus and mucus-forming foods were the cause of human disease,<ref>"Dr. (Heinrich) Lahmann said "Every disease is caused by carbonic acid and gas." But he did not learn its source in decayed, uneliminated food substances - the mucus in a state of continuous fermentation.", Arnold Ehret, Mucusless Diet Healing System, ELPC Inc, 1994, page 91</ref> "schleimlose" (slime-free) foods were the key to human health,<ref>Herbs for Improved Digestion, C. J. Puotinen, McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998, page 7, "Ehretists, disciples of Arnold Ehret, still follow his mucus-less diet and avoid mucus-causing foods."</ref><ref>"Only fruit, the sole mucus-free nourishment, is natural" ''The Cause & Cure Of Human Illness: The Common Root Cause Of All Disease, Aging & Death'' by Professor Arnold Ehret, Translated by Max Fischer, Ehret Publishing Literature Company Inc, 2002</ref> and "fasting (simply eating less) is Nature's omnipotent method of cleansing the body from the effects of wrong and too much eating."<ref>Fred Hirsch in Mucusless Diet Healing System, New York: ELPC, 1994, page 9</ref><ref>"Transition diet and fasting are the real and only keys to a superior life - to the revelation of a superior world, and to the spiritual world.", Arnold Ehret in ''The Mucusless Diet Healing System, USA: ELPC Inc, 75th Anniversary Edition, 1994''</ref>
 === Fasting ===
-In 1907, Ehret who was based in [[Freiburg]], visited [[Monte Verità]],<ref>Locarno et ses Environs. Fremdenblatt mit offizieller Fremdenliste. Visitors' Journal and Official List, 6. Jahrg., Nr. 6, 23. February 1907 bis Nr. 25, 18. May 1907.</ref> a nature life colony in [[Ascona]],<ref>Ascona: Monte Verità: Auf der Suche nach dem Paradies''. Landmann & Roman von Werner Ackermann, Frauenfeld: Huber, 1990, {{ISBN|3-7193-1219-4}}.''</ref><ref>Monte Verità: Ascona's Mountain of Truth''. Mara Folini, Bern 2000.''</ref><ref>* ''Monte Verità: Sanatorium der Sehnsucht''. Andreas Schwab, Zürich: Orell Füssli, 2003. {{ISBN|3-280-06013-3}}</ref><ref>"Mountain Of Truth: The Counterculture Begins - Ascona 1900-1920''. Martin Green, University Press Of New England, Hanover & London/Tufts, 1986.''</ref> near [[Lake Maggiore]], whose visitors included [[Lenin]] and [[Trotsky]].<ref>''Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945'' (Cambridge Studies in the History of Medicine), Paul Weindling, page 79, "The physician, Raphael Friedeberg, underwent a metamorphosis from adviser to sickness insurance funds and SPD member in the 1890s to anarchism and Lebensreform in the 1900s. He replaced materialism by a creed of 'psychism,' and conventional medical therapy by nature therapy. His settlement at Monte Verita near Ascona pioneered the first 'air huts' or Lufthütten for fresh air and nature therapy. The colony's vegetarianism and anarchism attracted such visitors as Bakunin, Kropotkin, Lenin, and Trotsky."</ref> After collaborating with [[Henri Oedenkoven]] who owned a sanitarium at [[Monte Verità]],<ref>Robert Landmann, ''Ascona: Monte Verità'', Ullstein, 1979, {{ISBN|3-548-34013-X}}.</ref><ref>Schwab, Andreas. ''Monte Verità - Sanatorium der Sehnsucht'', Zürich: Orell Füssli 2003. {{ISBN|3-280-06013-3}}</ref> Ehret opened one sanitarium in [[Ascona]], [[Switzerland]]{{Hairspace}}<ref>"Ehret then opened a sanitarium in Ascona, Switzerland for treating sick people with a fasting and fruit diet....", "For about 15 years Ehret operated his sanitarium in Switzerland, then he came to California in 1914 and was forced to stay here because of the war," in ''Children Of The Sun'', Gordon Kennedy, Navaria Press, 1993, page 146</ref> and another in nearby [[Lugano]] (Massagno), writing one of his books in [[Locarno]].<ref>''The Cause And Cure Of Human Illness'', Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 2002</ref> Around 1909, Ehret engaged in a series of public lectures and fasts monitored by German and Swiss officials. In 1909, he claimed he fasted for 105 days in total.<ref name="lebesfragen">''Lebesfragen'', Arnold Ehret, Carl Kuhn Verlag, Munich, 1923</ref> In 1910, he wrote an article for a German vegetarian magazine about his 49-day fasting experience, which gained the public's interest, and which later appeared in his book ''Lebensfragen'' (Life Questions).<ref name="lebesfragen" /><ref>''The Mucusless Diet Healing System'', Arnold Ehret, ELPC Inc 1994, page 20 "It had a sensational and revolutionizing effect."</ref>
+In 1907, Ehret, who was based in [[Freiburg]], visited [[Monte Verità]],<ref>Locarno et ses Environs. Fremdenblatt mit offizieller Fremdenliste. Visitors' Journal and Official List, 6. Jahrg., Nr. 6, 23. February 1907 bis Nr. 25, 18. May 1907.</ref> a [[naturism|nature life]] colony in [[Ascona]], [[Switzerland]],<ref>Ascona: Monte Verità: Auf der Suche nach dem Paradies''. Landmann & Roman von Werner Ackermann, Frauenfeld: Huber, 1990, {{ISBN|3-7193-1219-4}}.''</ref><ref>Monte Verità: Ascona's Mountain of Truth''. Mara Folini, Bern 2000.''</ref><ref>* ''Monte Verità: Sanatorium der Sehnsucht''. Andreas Schwab, Zürich: Orell Füssli, 2003. {{ISBN|3-280-06013-3}}</ref><ref>"Mountain Of Truth: The Counterculture Begins - Ascona 1900-1920''. Martin Green, University Press Of New England, Hanover & London/Tufts, 1986.''</ref> near [[Lake Maggiore]], whose visitors included [[Lenin]] and [[Trotsky]].<ref>''Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945'' (Cambridge Studies in the History of Medicine), Paul Weindling, page 79, "The physician, Raphael Friedeberg, underwent a metamorphosis from adviser to sickness insurance funds and SPD member in the 1890s to anarchism and Lebensreform in the 1900s. He replaced materialism by a creed of 'psychism,' and conventional medical therapy by nature therapy. His settlement at Monte Verita near Ascona pioneered the first 'air huts' or Lufthütten for fresh air and nature therapy. The colony's vegetarianism and anarchism attracted such visitors as Bakunin, Kropotkin, Lenin, and Trotsky."</ref> After collaborating with [[Henri Oedenkoven]] who owned a sanitarium at Monte Verità,<ref>Robert Landmann, ''Ascona: Monte Verità'', Ullstein, 1979, {{ISBN|3-548-34013-X}}.</ref><ref>Schwab, Andreas. ''Monte Verità - Sanatorium der Sehnsucht'', Zürich: Orell Füssli 2003. {{ISBN|3-280-06013-3}}</ref> Ehret opened one sanitarium in Ascona and another in nearby [[Lugano]] (Massagno), writing one of his books in [[Locarno]].<ref>''The Cause And Cure Of Human Illness'', Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 2002</ref> Around 1909, Ehret engaged in a series of public lectures and fasts monitored by German and Swiss officials. In 1909, he claimed he fasted for 105 days in total.<ref name="lebesfragen">''Lebesfragen'', Arnold Ehret, Carl Kuhn Verlag, Munich, 1923</ref> In 1910, he wrote an article for a German vegetarian magazine about his 49-day fasting experience, which gained the public's interest, and which later appeared in his book ''Lebensfragen'' (Life Questions).<ref name="lebesfragen" /><ref>''The Mucusless Diet Healing System'', Arnold Ehret, ELPC Inc 1994, page 20 "It had a sensational and revolutionizing effect."</ref>
 For 65 years, Fred and Lucille Hirsch published Ehret's literature and the torch symbol found on Ehret's books became the logo of the Ehret Health Club. In 1979, the Ehret Literature Publishing Company Inc, in New York, inherited Ehret's publications and archive of unpublished German manuscripts.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
@@ Line 63: / Line 64: @@
 === Vitalism ===
-Having denounced the nitrogenous-albumin metabolic theory in 1909, Ehret learned of a contemporary, Thomas Powell M.D., in 1912, who concurred with his belief that "grape sugar" (simple sugars in fruits and vegetables) was the optimum fuel source, body building material and agent of vital energy, for humans, not protein rich foods.<ref>Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D.: "In 1909, Ehret wrote an article for the European health magazines denouncing the metabolic theory, and in 1912 learned that Thomas Powell, M.D., of Los Angeles had made the same discovery and was effecting wonderful cures by using foods containing what he called 'organized carbon' which is the same food ingredient that develops into grape-sugar during digestion."; "grape-sugar of carbohydrates was the source of vitality and vital energy, and not the proteids". Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971)</ref> Powell had set out his beliefs in the book "Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease", published in 1909.<ref>''Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease'', Thomas Powell, M.D., Powell Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California, 1909, Introduction to Part One, page 15, "The New Vital Philosophy: Comprehending the Basic Principles of Biology, Physiology and Dietetics - unraveling the manifold Mysteries of Vegetation, Nutrition, Nerve Action and Locomotion, by showing how energy is stored in Food; how Nutrition is effected; how Food-Energy is transformed into the VITOMOTIVE POWER, or Muscular Energy; that this agent possesses, at its maximum efficiency, a Dynamic Equivalent of 600 lbs. to the square inch; what this Mighty Power is; from what element of the food it is developed; and how it sets the VITAL MACHINERY in motion."</ref> Ehret claimed alkaline foods, which were also mucusless, formed the natural diet of humans.
+Having denounced the nitrogenous-albumin metabolic theory in 1909, Ehret learned of a contemporary, Thomas Powell, in 1912, who concurred with his belief that "grape sugar" (simple sugars in fruits and vegetables) was the optimum fuel source, body building material, and agent of vital energy for humans, not protein rich foods.<ref>Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D.: "In 1909, Ehret wrote an article for the European health magazines denouncing the metabolic theory, and in 1912 learned that Thomas Powell, M.D., of Los Angeles had made the same discovery and was effecting wonderful cures by using foods containing what he called 'organized carbon' which is the same food ingredient that develops into grape-sugar during digestion."; "grape-sugar of carbohydrates was the source of vitality and vital energy, and not the proteids". Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971)</ref> Powell had set out his beliefs in the book "Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease," published in 1909.<ref>''Fundamentals and Requirements of Health and Disease'', Thomas Powell, Powell Publishing Company, Los Angeles, California, 1909, Introduction to Part One, page 15, "The New Vital Philosophy: Comprehending the Basic Principles of Biology, Physiology and Dietetics - unraveling the manifold Mysteries of Vegetation, Nutrition, Nerve Action and Locomotion, by showing how energy is stored in Food; how Nutrition is effected; how Food-Energy is transformed into the VITOMOTIVE POWER, or Muscular Energy; that this agent possesses, at its maximum efficiency, a Dynamic Equivalent of 600 lbs. to the square inch; what this Mighty Power is; from what element of the food it is developed; and how it sets the VITAL MACHINERY in motion."</ref> Ehret claimed alkaline foods, which were also mucusless, formed the natural diet of humans.
-Ehret asserted that the body was an air-gas engine, not dependent on food for energy, and that the body was not designed to utilize mucus-forming foods, offering the equation [[Vitality]] = Power − Obstruction (V = P − O) to demonstrate this.<ref>Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D., Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "Man is working against too much friction in his human machine. Hidden away in every part of the human body are thousands of feet of small and almost invisible tubes through which the blood circulates like the water in a water motor. If the blood stream contains sticky mucus from wrong eating, the body machine has to work under continual friction, like a car slowed down by applying the brake."</ref> Ehret also claimed the lungs were the pump in the body while the heart acted as a valve, with the blood controlling the heart. Ehret further believed that white blood cells were the result of ingesting mucus-forming foods.<ref>Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D., Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "The excessive appearance of the white blood corpuscles, i.e., of the white dead mucus, as compared with the red sugar and iron substances is becoming dangerous to life. Red-colored and sweet is the visible token of life and love; white, pale, colorless, bitter, the token of disease and the overwhelming by mucus, the slow dying of the individual."</ref><ref>The Purple Seal: Breaking The Plague of Chronic Diseases and Syndromes, George Washington Singleton III, BRCA Incorporated, page 41, "Arnold Ehret who first identified the Caucasian Peoples' white skin color as physiopathogenicity in his 1922 classic nutritional herbology book Mucusless Diet Healing System; goes on and explains how he reversed his own white color back to its original brown color and everyone thought he was a Native American or Asian Indian via a "natural sun tan" regime. He achieved this by following his own Mucusless Diet Healing System, i.e. a Herbivore/Vegan diet using foods that remove the undigested animal residues he calls "mucus" that gives the white blood cells their characteristic white color from their phagocytosis of Animal/Dietary Cholestrol in their "house cleaning" sanitary body maintenance duties."</ref>
+Ehret asserted that the body is an air-gas engine, not dependent on food for energy, and that the body was not designed to utilize mucus-forming foods, offering the equation [[Vitality]] = Power − Obstruction (V = P − O) to demonstrate this.<ref>Guy Bogart, Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "Man is working against too much friction in his human machine. Hidden away in every part of the human body are thousands of feet of small and almost invisible tubes through which the blood circulates like the water in a water motor. If the blood stream contains sticky mucus from wrong eating, the body machine has to work under continual friction, like a car slowed down by applying the brake."</ref> Ehret also claimed the lungs were the pump in the body, while the heart acted as a valve, with the blood controlling the heart. Ehret further believed that white blood cells were the result of ingesting mucus-forming foods.<ref>Dr. Guy Bogart, N.D., Introduction to Kranke Menschen (Beneficial Books, 1971), "The excessive appearance of the white blood corpuscles, i.e., of the white dead mucus, as compared with the red sugar and iron substances is becoming dangerous to life. Red-colored and sweet is the visible token of life and love; white, pale, colorless, bitter, the token of disease and the overwhelming by mucus, the slow dying of the individual."</ref><ref>The Purple Seal: Breaking The Plague of Chronic Diseases and Syndromes, George Washington Singleton III, BRCA Incorporated, page 41, "Arnold Ehret who first identified the Caucasian Peoples' white skin color as physiopathogenicity in his 1922 classic nutritional herbology book Mucusless Diet Healing System; goes on and explains how he reversed his own white color back to its original brown color and everyone thought he was a Native American or Asian Indian via a "natural sun tan" regime. He achieved this by following his own Mucusless Diet Healing System, i.e. a Herbivore/Vegan diet using foods that remove the undigested animal residues he calls "mucus" that gives the white blood cells their characteristic white color from their phagocytosis of Animal/Dietary Cholestrol in their "house cleaning" sanitary body maintenance duties."</ref>
-===Metabolism myth===
+===Metabolism influence on health===
-Ehret maintained new tissue was built primarily from simple sugars in fruits,<ref name=":0">"These elements or ingredients are known as "organized carbon and "grape sugar". Their presence in sufficient quantities, refutes the now current idea that the organic, mineral or tissue salts, are the energy producing elements. They exist only in infinitesimal amounts in all foods, and part of them are drugs. Neither are the number of calories ("heat units" by calorimeter tests), reasonable basis for selecting a proper diet. My over forty years of observation, experiences and research have proven conclusively to me that fruits and vegetables have all the tissue salts needed, and that the presence of actually well known ingredients in sufficient quantity are the energy and life supporting ingredients which make them the superior of all other foods, when the debris (mucus) from the "mucus-rich" foods is eliminated.",  Professor. B. W. Child, Introduction, "The Mucusless Diet Healing System", Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 21</ref> not metabolised from protein and fat-rich foods. Ehret only favored nuts and seeds during transition to the ideal fruit diet, and even then, only "sparingly", condemning high-protein and fat-rich foods, as "unnatural"; further writing that "no animals eat fats" and "all fats are acid forming, even those of vegetable origin, and are not used by the body"<ref name="Mucusless Diet Healing System PC">Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, chapter "The Destructive Diet Of Civilization"</ref> Later editions of his ''Mucusless Diet Healing System'' published by Fred S. Hirsch, claimed nuts were "mucus-free".<ref>Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 90</ref> Ehret specifically renounced meat, eggs, milk, fats, cereals, legumes, potatoes and rice, whilst recognizing the transitional value in some of these.<ref name="Mucusless Diet Healing System PC"/> Ehret, citing Ragnar Berg, stated that fats and proteins were acid-forming and were to be consumed in moderation, as did Ehret's contemporary Otto Carque.<ref>"Medical science is still suffering from Liebig's old theory that the human or animal muscle works on proteins, whereas as a matter of fact nearly all heat and energy are produced by fats and carbohydrates. It is now an established fact that the adult body cannot make use of more than about five per cent protein, of the total amount of solid food needed daily.", ''Rational Diet: An Advanced Treatise on the Food Question'', Otto Carque,  Health Research Books, 1996, page 355</ref>
+Ehret maintained that new tissue was built primarily from simple sugars in fruits,<ref name=":0">"These elements or ingredients are known as "organized carbon and "grape sugar". Their presence in sufficient quantities, refutes the now current idea that the organic, mineral or tissue salts, are the energy producing elements. They exist only in infinitesimal amounts in all foods, and part of them are drugs. Neither are the number of calories ("heat units" by calorimeter tests), reasonable basis for selecting a proper diet. My over forty years of observation, experiences and research have proven conclusively to me that fruits and vegetables have all the tissue salts needed, and that the presence of actually well known ingredients in sufficient quantity are the energy and life supporting ingredients which make them the superior of all other foods, when the debris (mucus) from the "mucus-rich" foods is eliminated.",  Professor. B. W. Child, Introduction, "The Mucusless Diet Healing System", Arnold Ehret, New York: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 21</ref> not metabolised from protein and fat-rich foods. Ehret favored nuts and seeds only during transition (and only in the winter) to the ideal fruit diet, and even then, only "sparingly," condemning high-protein and fat-rich foods, as "unnatural," writing further that "no animals eat fats" and "all fats are acid forming, even those of vegetable origin, and are not used by the body."<ref name="Mucusless Diet Healing System PC">Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, chapter "The Destructive Diet Of Civilization"</ref> Later editions of his ''Mucusless Diet Healing System'' published by Fred S. Hirsch, claimed nuts were "mucus-free."<ref>Mucusless Diet Healing System, Arnold Ehret, USA: ELPC Inc, 1994, page 90</ref> Ehret specifically renounced meat, eggs, milk, fats, cereals, legumes, potatoes, and rice, whilst recognizing the transitional value in some of these.<ref name="Mucusless Diet Healing System PC"/> Ehret, citing [[Ragnar Berg]], stated that fats and proteins were acid-forming and were to be consumed in moderation, as did Ehret's contemporary: [[Otto Carque]].<ref>"Medical science is still suffering from Liebig's old theory that the human or animal muscle works on proteins, whereas as a matter of fact nearly all heat and energy are produced by fats and carbohydrates. It is now an established fact that the adult body cannot make use of more than about five per cent protein, of the total amount of solid food needed daily.", ''Rational Diet: An Advanced Treatise on the Food Question'', Otto Carque,  Health Research Books, 1996, page 355</ref>
 === Religious views ===
@@ Line 79: / Line 80: @@
 None of Ehret's claims are recognized as valid by experts in the scientific, medical, and nutritional fields to the present day. They largely contradict well-understood biology and chemistry, and are unsupported by any evidence.
-Mucusless diets were critiqued as unscientific in the book ''Diet and Die'' by health writer Carl Malmberg in 1935.<ref>Malmberg, Carl. (1935).  [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924003489162;view=1up;seq=97 ''Mucusless Diets and the Back-to-Nature Cults'']. In ''Diet and Die''. Hillman-Curl, Inc. pp. 91-95</ref> The ''"Special Committee on Aging"'' of the 88th US Congress published a report on ''"Frauds and Quackery effecting the Older Citizen"'' in 1963, in which it mentions Ehret as a [[Quackery|quack]] whose ''"cultists earnestly believed that women who adhered to the diet program of “Professor” Arnold Ehret could expect “immaculate conception.”"''.<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754081237764;view=1up;seq=137 ''Hearing before the Special Committee on Aging'']. United States Senate, 88th Congress. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC: 1963. pp. 133-134</ref>
+Mucusless diets were critiqued as unscientific in the book ''Diet and Die'' by health writer [[Carl Malmberg]] in 1935.<ref>Malmberg, Carl. (1935).  [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924003489162;view=1up;seq=97 ''Mucusless Diets and the Back-to-Nature Cults'']. In ''Diet and Die''. Hillman-Curl, Inc. pp. 91-95</ref> The ''"Special Committee on Aging"'' of the 88th US Congress published a report on ''"Frauds and Quackery effecting the Older Citizen"'' in 1963, in which it mentions Ehret as a [[Quackery|quack]] whose "cultists earnestly believed that women who adhered to the diet program of 'Professor' Arnold Ehret could expect 'immaculate conception.'"<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754081237764;view=1up;seq=137 ''Hearing before the Special Committee on Aging'']. United States Senate, 88th Congress. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC: 1963. pp. 133-134</ref>
 In 1978, Ehret's mucusless diet was listed as a [[fad diet]] as "its claims are not substantiated scientifically."<ref name="Howard 1978"/> Physician Terrence T. Kuske has written that Ehret's mucusless [[Fruitarianism|fruitarian]] diet "lack[s] high quality utilizable protein as well as adequate levels of many vitamins."<ref name="Kuske 1983">Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780723670469500205 ''Quackery and Fad Diets'']. In Elaine B. Feldman. ''Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years''. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291-303. {{ISBN|0-7236-7046-3}}</ref> Kuske also commented that "there is no evidence that prolonged fasting provides any significant benefits."<ref name="Kuske 1983"/>
@@ Line 85: / Line 86: @@
 Nutritionist Kurt Butler and physician Lynn Rayner have noted:
-<blockquote>Like macrobiotics, the mucusless diet system promotes a dangerous idea, that the more you suffer during starvation, the more you need
+<blockquote>Like macrobiotics, the mucusless diet system promotes a dangerous idea, that the more you suffer during starvation, the more you need to be starved to "cleanse the system". This leads unfortunate victims to cling fanatically to the system and dismiss all signs of malnutrition as signs that poisons are being expelled and the diet is working."<ref name="Butler 1985"/></blockquote>
-to be starved to "cleanse the system". This leads unfortunate victims to cling fanatically to the system and dismiss all signs of  malnutrition as signs that poisons are being expelled and the diet is working."<ref name="Butler 1985"/></blockquote>
 Ehret held a number of non-scientific beliefs that were documented by Butler and Rayner, such as:<ref name="Butler 1985"/>
 *White blood cells are decayed mucus in the blood that cause disease.
-*Lungs pump blood through the body, the heart is merely a valve.
+*Lungs pump blood through the body; the heart is merely a valve.
 *[[Mental disorder|Mental illness]] is the result of gas pressure on the brain from mucus decay.
 *Fasting can cure insanity.
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 *[[Nocturnal emission]]s expel mucus, but cease on a mucusless diet.
 *[[Gonorrhoea]] is caused by eating mucus foods.
-*A clean blooded body sends [[electromagnetic radiation]] through the hair, which is important in sexual attraction.
+*A clean-blooded body sends [[electromagnetic radiation]] through the hair, which is important in sexual attraction.
 *Hairless persons are sexually inferior.
-*The white race is un-natural. The white skin colour is the result of mucus-laden white blood corpuscles clogging the system.
+*The white race is unnatural. The white skin colour is the result of mucus-laden white blood corpuscles clogging the system.
+Ehret was a [[germ theory denialist]] and made many other pseudoscientific claims such as his mucusless diet system curing blindness and deafness.<ref name="Tucker 2018"/> He also stated that fasting could cause electricity to run through the body awakening one to a "spiritual world".<ref name="Tucker 2018"/>
-===Innerclean===
+===Innerclean===
-Ehret's Innerclean Intestinal Laxative was produced by the Innerclean  Manufacturing Company of Los Angeles and was sold through [[mail order]]. The Innerclean product was issued with a four-page leaflet advertising the Mucusless-Diet Healing System of Ehret.<ref name="Camp 1936">Camp, Arthur J. (1936). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001793404;view=1up;seq=92 ''Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3'']. Press of the American Medical Association. pp. 72-73</ref> The product was said to cleanse and rejuvenate the [[Gastrointestinal tract|intestines]] by "remov[ing] from the intestines hardened feces, mucus, and other age-old uneliminated, imperfectly digested, fatty substances."<ref name="Camp 1936"/> An examination by the [[American Medical Association]]'s Chemical Laboratory revealed that the product was made from a mixture of chopped herbs such as [[Senna (plant)|Senna]], an indigestible residue of [[agar]] and [[sand]]. In 1926, the ''[[JAMA (journal)|Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' noted that "the harm that a mixture of that sort might do to an inflamed mucous membrane or an inflamed intestinal mucous membrane can easily be realized by physicians and even intelligent laymen."<ref name="Camp 1936"/>
+Ehret's Innerclean Intestinal Laxative was produced by the Innerclean  Manufacturing Company of Los Angeles and was sold through [[mail order]]. The Innerclean product was issued with a four-page leaflet advertising the Mucusless-Diet Healing System of Ehret.<ref name="Camp 1936">Camp, Arthur J. (1936). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31158001793404;view=1up;seq=92 ''Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3'']. Press of the American Medical Association. pp. 72-73</ref> The product was said to cleanse and rejuvenate the [[Gastrointestinal tract|intestines]] by "remov[ing] from the intestines hardened feces, mucus, and other age-old uneliminated, imperfectly digested, fatty substances."<ref name="Camp 1936"/> An examination by the [[American Medical Association]]'s Chemical Laboratory revealed that the product was made from a mixture of chopped herbs such as [[Senna (plant)|Senna]], an indigestible residue of [[agar]], and [[sand]]. In 1926, the ''[[JAMA (journal)|Journal of the American Medical Association]]'' noted that "the harm that a mixture of that sort might do to an inflamed mucous membrane or an inflamed intestinal mucous membrane can easily be realized by physicians and even intelligent laymen."<ref name="Camp 1936"/>
-In October 1931, 125 cartons of Innerclean were seized at [[Brooklyn, New York]] because of misbranding in violation of the [[Pure Food and Drug Act]].<ref name="Report">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015067004674;view=1up;seq=52;size=175 ''Misbranding of Innerclean. U. S. v. 125 cartons of Innerclean. Consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture. Product released under bond'']. Notices of Judgment Under the Food and Drugs Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1932.</ref> The United States Secretary of Agriculture [[Arthur M. Hyde]] reported from sampling Innerclean that it was made from Senna leaves, [[anise seed]] and [[sassafras]] bark. The product was misbranded with false and misleading health claims. The court released the product under a $4,000 bond conditioned on agreement that the advisement on the packages was to be removed and destroyed under supervision of the [[United States Department of Agriculture]].<ref name="Report"/>
+In October 1931, 125 cartons of Innerclean were seized at [[Brooklyn, New York]], because of misbranding in violation of the [[Pure Food and Drug Act]].<ref name="Report">[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015067004674;view=1up;seq=52;size=175 ''Misbranding of Innerclean. U. S. v. 125 cartons of Innerclean. Consent decree of condemnation and forfeiture. Product released under bond'']. Notices of Judgment Under the Food and Drugs Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1932.</ref> The [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]] [[Arthur M. Hyde]] reported from sampling Innerclean that it was made from Senna leaves, [[anise seed]], and [[sassafras]] bark. The product was misbranded with false and misleading health claims. The court released the product under a $4,000 bond, conditioned on agreement that the advisement on the packages was to be removed and destroyed under supervision of the [[United States Department of Agriculture]].<ref name="Report"/>
 ==Later interest==
-In 1950, Swiss author Eduard Berthollet described Ehretism in ''Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne'' (''The Return To The Health And The Wholesome Way By Fasting'').<ref>Berthollet, Eduard. (1950). ''Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne'' (The Return To Health By Fasting), Editor: Pierre Gnenillard, Lausanne, Switzerland: Laurea de Luniversie De Lausanne, 1920s. {{cite web |url=http://www.ffjr.com/Bertholet.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205182132/http://ffjr.com/Bertholet.htm |archivedate=5 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
+In 1950, Swiss author Eduard Berthollet described Ehretism in ''Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne'' (''The Return To The Health And The Wholesome Way By Fasting'').<ref>Berthollet, Eduard. (1950). ''Le Retour À La Santé Et A la Vie Saine Par Le Jeûne'' (The Return To Health By Fasting), Editor: Pierre Gnenillard, Lausanne, Switzerland: Laurea de Luniversie De Lausanne, 1920s. {{cite web |url=http://www.ffjr.com/Bertholet.htm |title=Le livre du Docteur Bertholet |access-date=2009-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205182132/http://ffjr.com/Bertholet.htm |archive-date=5 February 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
-In the 1960s, Ehret's writings gained popularity with the hippie and [[surf culture]] of [[San Francisco]], [[Hawaii]] and [[California]].<ref>"Ehret later migrated to southern California and helped to spawn a new sub-culture in America, based upon his natural philosophy and lifestyle.", "His "Rational Fasting" (1914) and "Mucus-less Diet"(1922) were literary standbys within hippie circles in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the 1960s.", Hippie Roots and the Perennial Sub-Culture, Gordon Kennedy, {{cite web |url=http://www.hippy.com/php/article-243.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-08-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830033310/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-243.html |archivedate=30 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1970s, [[Paul Bragg]] rewrote ''The Mucusless Diet Healing System''{{Hairspace}}<ref>''The Bragg Toxicless Diet Body Purification and Healing System'' Paul Bragg, Health Science Publishers, reprint, 1988</ref><ref>Bragg Healthy Lifestyle-Vital Living to 120! (Formerly Titled: Toxicless Diet, Body Purification & Healing System) by Patricia Bragg, N.D., Ph.D., Paul C. Bragg, Health Science Publishers, 2000</ref> and ''Rational Fasting'' <ref>The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I feel that fasting has done a great deal to eliminate the mucus from my body. I faithfully live on a mucusless diet and always take my weekly 24 hour fast to help keep any mucus and toxins that I may have accumulated in my body flowing out. I want to keep my machinery clean."</ref><ref>The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I can tell you all the great health benefits that fasting, a mucusless and meatless diet will do for you. But it's best you simply try it yourself, then you be the judge."</ref> with Hirsch's permission. In 1973, [[:es:Manuel Lezaeta Acharán|Manuel Lezaeta]] integrated Ehret's ideas with his 'thermal doctrine' for the elimination of toxins in ''La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos''.<ref>Lezaeta Acharán, Manuel. ''La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos'', Buenos Aires: Editorial Kier, 1979.</ref>
+In the 1960s, Ehret's writings gained popularity with the [[hippie]] and [[surf culture]] of [[San Francisco]], [[Hawaii]], and [[California]].<ref>"Ehret later migrated to southern California and helped to spawn a new sub-culture in America, based upon his natural philosophy and lifestyle.", "His "Rational Fasting" (1914) and "Mucus-less Diet"(1922) were literary standbys within hippie circles in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the 1960s.", Hippie Roots and the Perennial Sub-Culture, Gordon Kennedy, {{cite web |url=http://www.hippy.com/php/article-243.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-08-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830033310/http://www.hippy.com/php/article-243.html |archive-date=30 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1970s, [[Paul Bragg]] rewrote ''The Mucusless Diet Healing System''{{Hairspace}}<ref>''The Bragg Toxicless Diet Body Purification and Healing System'' Paul Bragg, Health Science Publishers, reprint, 1988</ref><ref>Bragg Healthy Lifestyle-Vital Living to 120! (Formerly Titled: Toxicless Diet, Body Purification & Healing System) by Patricia Bragg, N.D., Ph.D., Paul C. Bragg, Health Science Publishers, 2000</ref> and ''Rational Fasting'' <ref>The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I feel that fasting has done a great deal to eliminate the mucus from my body. I faithfully live on a mucusless diet and always take my weekly 24 hour fast to help keep any mucus and toxins that I may have accumulated in my body flowing out. I want to keep my machinery clean."</ref><ref>The miracle of fasting: proven through history for physical, mental and spiritual rejuvenation, Dr. Paul C. Bragg, Dr. Patricia Bragg, Health Science Publications, Inc., 2004, "I can tell you all the great health benefits that fasting, a mucusless and meatless diet will do for you. But it's best you simply try it yourself, then you be the judge."</ref> with Hirsch's permission. In 1973, [[:es:Manuel Lezaeta Acharán|Manuel Lezaeta]] integrated Ehret's ideas with his 'thermal doctrine' for the elimination of toxins in ''La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos''.<ref>Lezaeta Acharán, Manuel. ''La Medicina Natural Al Alcance De Todos'', Buenos Aires: Editorial Kier, 1979.</ref>
+== Selected bibliography ==
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Kranke Menschen (Fasting Teachings: The Cause & Cure of Human Illness)|publisher=Carl Kuhn Verlag|year=1935|location=München}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Kranke Menschen|publisher=Benedict Lust Publishers|year=1971|location=USA}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Mucusless Diet Healing System|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co.|year=1924|edition=2nd|location=Los Angeles, California}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Mucusless Diet Healing System a Scientific Method of Eating Your Way to Health|publisher=Benedict Lust Publishers|year=1970|location=New York}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Physical Culture: Fasting and Dietetics|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co.|year=1938|edition=4th|location=Beaumont, California}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Prof. Arnold Ehret's Mucusless Diet Healing System Annotated, Revised, and Edited by Prof. Spira|publisher=Breathair Publishing|year=2014|edition=2nd|location=Columbus, Ohio}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Prof. Arnold Ehret's Physical Fitness Thru a Superior Diet Fasting, and Dietetics also a Religious Concept of Physical Spiritual, and Mental Dietetics|publisher=Breathair Publishing|year=2017|edition=1st|location=Columbus, Ohio}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Prof. Arnold Ehret's Rational Fasting for Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Rejuvenation|publisher=Breathair Publishing|year=2014|edition=1st|location=Columbus, Ohio}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Rational Fasting for Physical Mental & Spiritual Rejuvenation|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co.|year=1938|edition=6th|location=Beuamont, California}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Rational Fasting: a Scientific Method of Fasting Your Way to Health|publisher=Benedict Lust Publishers|year=1971|location=USA}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=The Cause and Cure of Human Illness|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co.|year=2001|edition=2nd|location=New York}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=The Definite Cure of Chronic Constipation|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co. Inc.|year=1975|location=California}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=The Definite Cure of Chronic Constipation and Overcoming Constipation Naturally|publisher=Breathair Publishing|year=2014|edition=2nd|location=Columbus, Ohio}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Thus Speaketh the Stomach / the Tragedy of Nutrition|publisher=Ehret Literature Publishing Co. Inc.|year=1923|location=New York}}
+*{{Cite book|last=Ehret|first=Arnold|title=Thus Speaketh the Stomach and the Tragedy of Nutrition|publisher=Breathair Publishing|year=2014|edition=2nd|location=Columbus, Ohio}}
 == References ==
@@ Line 122: / Line 140: @@
 {{Portal|Germany|Medicine|United States}}
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130525193209/http://www.arnoldehret.us/ Arnold Ehret Official U.S. Site]
+* [http://www.arnoldehret.it Arnold Ehret Official Italian-Speaking Site]
+* [http://www.arnoldehret.info Arnold Ehret Official Spanish-Speaking Site]
 {{wikisource author}}
@@ Line 128: / Line 149: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ehret, Arnold}}
 [[Category:1866 births]]
 [[Category:1922 deaths]]
@@ Line 140: / Line 160: @@
 [[Category:German non-fiction writers]]
 [[Category:German nutritionists]]
+[[Category:German vegetarianism activists]]
+[[Category:Germ theory denialists]]
 [[Category:Naturopaths]]
 [[Category:Orthopaths]]
@@ Line 146: / Line 168: @@
 [[Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden]]
 [[Category:Pseudoscientific diet advocates]]
-[[Category:Vegetarianism activists]]
 [[Category:Vitalists]]

v t e Naturopathy
Practices	Acupuncture Apitherapy Aromatherapy Balneotherapy Barefoot running Bates method Chelation therapy Chromotherapy Chiropractic Colon cleansing Ear candling Fasting Grape therapy Halotherapy Hydrotherapy Naturism Herbalism Homeopathy Iridology Mud bathing Nature therapy Oil pulling Ozone therapy Reflexology Reiki Rolfing Sungazing Urine therapy Yoga as therapy
Naturopaths	Otto Abramowski Bertrand P. Allinson Thomas Allinson R. F. E. Austin J. Ellis Barker Fereydoon Batmanghelidj Robert Bell Harry Benjamin Henry G. Bieler Friedrich Eduard Bilz Carlos Brandt Rudolf Breuss Haydn Brown James Burns Stanley Burroughs Otto Carque Paul Carton Thierry Casasnovas Eugene Christian John Christopher Hulda Regehr Clark Victor Dane Emmet Densmore Kurt Donsbach George J. Drews Gaston Durville Arnold Ehret August Engelhardt Emanuel Felke Jesse Mercer Gehman Theodor Hahn Gayelord Hauser Adolphus Hohensee J. Stenson Hooker Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland Archibald Hunter Adolf Just Hans Kalm Henry Valentine Knaggs Sebastian Kneipp Louis Kuhne Heinrich Lahmann Gordon Latto Eric Ledermann Elmer Lee Henry Lindlahr Evarts G. Loomis Benedict Lust Reddie Mallett Jacques de Marquette Catherine Nimmo Ernest Nyssens Cyril V. Pink Eric F. W. Powell Vincenz Priessnitz Edward Earle Purinton Arnold Rikli J. P. Sandlands Edgar J. Saxon Gustav Schlickeysen Johann Schroth Ernst Schweninger Herbert M. Shelton John Henry Tilden Russell Thacher Trall Frank Newman Turner Alfred Vogel Ann Wigmore Robert O. Young Arno Wolle
Beliefs	Detoxification Germ theory denialism Holism Leaky gut syndrome Mucoid plaque Natural hygiene Vaccine hesitancy Vitalism
Critics	Kimball Atwood Stephen Barrett Barry Beyerstein Arthur J. Cramp David Gorski Martin Gardner Morris Fishbein Britt Marie Hermes Terence Hines Carl Malmberg Steven Novella Wallace Sampson
Related	Alternative medicine Pseudoscience Quackery
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