Trakai Voivodeship: Difference between revisions

Trakai Voivodeship
Latin: *Palatinatus Trocensis*
Lithuanian: *Trakų vaivadija*
Polish: *Województwo trockie*
Trakai Voivodeship Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis; Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija; Polish: Województwo trockie
Voivodeship of ; Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1413–1569); Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
1413–1795
	Coat of arms
	; Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century
	; Trakai Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Capital	Trakai
Area
• 1570	31,100 km2 (12,000 sq mi)
• 1790	23,885 km2 (9,222 sq mi)
Population
• 1790	288,000
• Type	Monarchy
Legislature	Sejmik
History
• Established by Union of Horodło	1413
• Union of Lublin	1569
• Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	1795
Political subdivisions	Counties: 4
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Duchy of Trakai
Vilna Governorate
Grodno Governorate
East Prussia
Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)
Today part of	Lithuania; Poland; Belarus
	Population and area are given according to Vaitiekūnas, Stasys (2006). Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 53, 71. ISBN 5-420-01585-4.

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 02:44, 25 October 2024

Trakai Voivodeship,^[1] Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship^[2] (Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija, Polish: Województwo trockie), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795.

History

Trakai Voivodeship together with Vilnius Voivodeship was established by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great in 1413 according to the Union of Horodło.^[1] Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former Duchy of Trakai, which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai (Latin: dux Trocensis) was replaced by appointed officials – voivodes and his deputy castellan.

The voivodeship was divided into four powets [be]: Grodno, Kaunas, Trakai (ruled directly by the voivode), and Upytė.^[1] The biggest cities in the voivodeship were Kaunas, Grodno and Trakai.

The western portion of the voivodeship was split off in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old and transferred to the Polish Crown. It was organized as the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In 1793, the counties of Grodno, Sokółka and Wołkowysk one of Nowogródek Voivodeship were merged into Grodno Voivodeship.

After the Union of Lublin the voivodeship, together with the whole Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1795. Most of the territory became part of the Russian Empire, while territories west of the Neman River – part of the Province of East Prussia.

Voivodes

The Voivode of Trakai (Polish: Wojewoda trocki, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivada) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and Grand Chancellors for power and prestige.^[3] Voivodes were the ex officio members of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. Voivodes had their residence in Trakai city, near Galvė Lake, north of the Trakai Peninsula Castle.

List of voivodes

Jonas Goštautas (1440)
Iwaszko Moniwidowicz (1443–1458)
Radvila Astikas (1466–1477)
Martynas Goštautas (1480–1483)
Jan Zabrzeziński (1498–1505)
Olbracht Gasztołd (Albrecht Goštautas) (1519–1522)
Konstanty Ostrogski (1522–1530)
Stanisław Gasztołd (Stanislovas Goštautas) (1542)
Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł (1590–1604)
Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz (1626–1640)
Piotr Pac (X 1640–VII 1642)
Mikołaj Abramowicz (1647–1651?)
Marcjan Ogiński (since 1670)
Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński (1770–1783)
Józef Mikołaj Radziwiłł (since 1788)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Laužikas, Rimvydas (2004-10-15). "Trakų vaivadija". Aruodai (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Institute of History. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
^ Leszczyński, Anatol (1980). Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 248. ISBN 83-04-00389-9.
^ Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Trakai". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 491. LCCN 74-114275.

54°38′22″N 24°56′06″E / 54.639319°N 24.935049°E / 54.639319; 24.935049

[aruodai-1] Laužikas, Rimvydas (2004-10-15). "Trakų vaivadija". Aruodai (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Institute of History. Retrieved 2008-06-07.

[2] Leszczyński, Anatol (1980). Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 248. ISBN 83-04-00389-9.

[3] Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Trakai". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 491. LCCN 74-114275.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania}}
 {{Infobox Former Subdivision
-|native_name = <small>{{lang-lt|Trakų vaivadija}}<br/>{{lang-la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}<br/>{{lang-pl|Województwo trockie}}</small>
+|native_name = <small>{{langx|la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}<br/>{{langx|lt|Trakų vaivadija}}<br/>{{langx|pl|Województwo trockie}}</small>
 |conventional_long_name = Trakai Voivodeship
 |common_name = Trakai
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 |date_event1 = 1569
 |p1 = Duchy of Trakai
-|image_p1 = [[File:COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania.svg|x30px]]
 |s1 = Vilna Governorate
+|s2 = Grodno Governorate
-|image_s1 = [[File:Vilnius COA 1845.png|x30px]]
-|s2 = Slonim Governorate
+|s3 = East Prussia
-|flag_s2 = Flag of Russia.svg
-|s3 = Province of East Prussia
-|flag_s3 = Flagge Preußen - Provinz Ostpreußen.svg
 |s4 = Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)
-|image_s4 = [[File:POL województwo podlaskie IRP COA.svg|x30px]]
-|image_flag = Flag of Trakai Voivodeship (1569-1795)-1.svg
 |image_coat = Recueil d'armoiries polonaises COA of Trakai Voivodeship.png
 |image_map = Trakai Voivodeship within Lithuania in the 17th century.png
 |image_map_caption = Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century
+|image_map2 = RON województwo trockie map.svg
-|capital = Trakai
+|image_map2_caption = Trakai Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
+|capital = [[Trakai]]
 |political_subdiv = [[Powiat|Counties]]: 4
 |government_type = Monarchy
@@ Line 37: / Line 34: @@
 |stat_area2 = 23885
 |stat_pop2 = 288000
+|today = [[Lithuania]]<br />[[Poland]]<br />[[Belarus]]
 |footnotes = Population and area are given according to {{cite book | last=Vaitiekūnas | first=Stasys | title=Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius | year=2006 | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas | location=Vilnius | isbn=5-420-01585-4 | pages=53, 71|language=lt}}
 }}
-'''Trakai Voivodeship''',<ref name=aruodai>{{cite web| first=Rimvydas |last=Laužikas | publisher=[[Lithuanian Institute of History]] |work=Aruodai| date=2004-10-15 | url=http://www.aruodai.lt/paieska/terminas.php?TeId=1756 |title=Trakų vaivadija |access-date= 2008-06-07|language=lt}}</ref> '''Trakai Palatinate''', or '''Troki Voivodeship'''<ref>{{cite book| first=Anatol |last=Leszczyński |title=Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze| publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich |year=1980 |isbn=83-04-00389-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MetJAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 | page=248 }}</ref> ({{lang-lt|Trakų vaivadija}}, {{lang-la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}, {{lang-pl|Województwo trockie}}), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] from 1413 until 1795.
+'''Trakai Voivodeship''',<ref name=aruodai>{{cite web| first=Rimvydas |last=Laužikas | publisher=[[Lithuanian Institute of History]] |work=Aruodai| date=2004-10-15 | url=http://www.aruodai.lt/paieska/terminas.php?TeId=1756 |title=Trakų vaivadija |access-date= 2008-06-07|language=lt}}</ref> '''Trakai Palatinate''', or '''Troki Voivodeship'''<ref>{{cite book| first=Anatol |last=Leszczyński |title=Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze| publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich |year=1980 |isbn=83-04-00389-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MetJAAAAIAAJ | page=248 }}</ref> ({{langx|la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}, {{langx|lt|Trakų vaivadija}}, {{langx|pl|Województwo trockie}}), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] from 1413 until 1795.
 ==History==
+[[File:Troki. Трокі (T. Makoŭski, 1600).jpg|thumb|left|[[Troki]], capital of the voivodeship, in the 17th century]]
-Trakai Voivodeship together with [[Vilnius Voivodeship]] was established by the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Vytautas the Great]] in 1413 according to the [[Union of Horodło]].<ref name=aruodai/> Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former [[Duchy of Trakai]], which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai ({{lang-la|dux Trocensis}}) was replaced by appointed officials – [[Voivodes of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|voivodes]] and his deputy [[castellan]].
+Trakai Voivodeship together with [[Vilnius Voivodeship]] was established by the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Vytautas the Great]] in 1413 according to the [[Union of Horodło]].<ref name=aruodai/> Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former [[Duchy of Trakai]], which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai ({{langx|la|dux Trocensis}}) was replaced by appointed officials – [[Voivodes of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|voivodes]] and his deputy [[castellan]].
 The voivodeship was divided into four {{ill|powets|be|Павет (Вялікае Княства Літоўскае)}}: [[Grodno powet (First Polish Republic)|Grodno]], [[Kaunas powet (First Polish Republic)|Kaunas]], [[Trakai powet (First Polish Republic)|Trakai]] (ruled directly by the voivode), and [[Upytė]].<ref name=aruodai/> The biggest cities in the voivodeship were [[Kaunas]], [[Grodno]] and [[Trakai]].
@@ Line 52: / Line 51: @@
 ==Voivodes==
-The Voivode of Trakai ({{lang-pl|Wojewoda trocki}}, {{lang-lt|Trakų vaivada}}) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and [[Kanclerz|Grand Chancellors]] for power and prestige.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Trakai | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=V | location=Boston, Massachusetts | id={{LCC | 74-114275}} | pages=491}}</ref> Voivodes were the ''ex officio'' members of the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords]]. Voivodes had their residence in [[Trakai]] city, near [[Galvė Lake]], north of the [[Trakai Peninsula Castle]].
+The Voivode of Trakai ({{langx|pl|Wojewoda trocki}}, {{langx|lt|Trakų vaivada}}) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and [[Kanclerz|Grand Chancellors]] for power and prestige.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Trakai | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=V | location=Boston, Massachusetts | pages=491| lccn=74-114275 }}</ref> Voivodes were the ''ex officio'' members of the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords]]. Voivodes had their residence in [[Trakai]] city, near [[Galvė Lake]], north of the [[Trakai Peninsula Castle]].
 ===List of voivodes===
-[[File:RON województwo trockie map.svg|250px|left|thumb|Trakai Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]]]
 * [[Jonas Goštautas]] (1440)
 * [[Iwaszko Moniwidowicz]] (1443–1458)
@@ Line 82: / Line 80: @@
 [[Category:Trakai Voivodeship| ]]
 [[Category:Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
-[[Category:Former voivodeships of Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
+[[Category:Voivodeships of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
 [[Category:1413 establishments in Europe]]
 [[Category:15th-century establishments in Lithuania]]

v t e Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Province of Greater Poland	Brześć Kujawski Chełmno Gniezno Inowrocław Kalisz Łęczyca Malbork Masovian Płock Pomeranian Poznań Rawa Sieradz Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
Province of Lesser Poland	Bełz Bracław Chernihów Kiev Kraków Lublin Podlaskie Podolian Ruthenian Sandomierz Volhynia Duchy of Siewierz Duchy of Siveria (1619–1635)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania	Brest Litovsk Minsk Mstsislaw Nowogródek Połock Smolensk Trakai Vilnius Vitebsk Duchy of Samogitia
Polish Livonia	Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621): Dorpat, Parnawa, Wenden Inflanty (1621–1772)
Fiefs	Lauenburg and Bütow Land Duchy of Prussia Duchy of Courland and Semigallia