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Coordinates: 54°38′22″N 24°56′06″E / 54.639319°N 24.935049°E / 54.639319; 24.935049
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{{Short description|Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = <small>{{lang-lt|Trakų vaivadija}}<br/>{{lang-la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}<br/>{{lang-pl|Województwo trockie}}</small>
|native_name = <small>{{langx|la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}<br/>{{langx|lt|Trakų vaivadija}}<br/>{{langx|pl|Województwo trockie}}</small>
|conventional_long_name = Trakai Voivodeship
|conventional_long_name = Trakai Voivodeship
|common_name = Trakai
|common_name = Trakai
|subdivision = Voivodeship
|subdivision = Voivodeship
|nation = <br/>[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1413–1569)<br/>
|nation = <br/>[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (1413–1569)<br/>
[[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795)
[[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795)
|year_start = 1413
|year_start = 1413
|event_start = Established by [[Union of Horodło]]
|event_start = Established by [[Union of Horodło]]
|event_end = [[Third partition of Poland|Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
|event_end = [[Third partition of Poland|Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
|year_end = 1795
|year_end = 1795
|event1 = [[Union of Lublin]]
|event1 = [[Union of Lublin]]
|year_event1 = 1569
|date_event1 = 1569
|p1 = Duchy of Trakai
|p1 = Duchy of Trakai
⚫
|s1 = Vilna Governorate
|image_p1 = [[Image:COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania.png|30px]]
|s2 = Grodno Governorate
|s1 = Vilna_Governorate
⚫
|s3 = East Prussia
|flag_s1 = Vilnius COA 1845.png
⚫
|s4 = Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)
⚫
|s2 = Slonim Governorate
|image_coat = Recueil d'armoiries polonaises COA of Trakai Voivodeship.png
|flag_s2 = Flag of Russia.svg
⚫
|image_map = Trakai Voivodeship within Lithuania in the 17th century.png
⚫
|s3 = Province of East Prussia
|flag_s3 = Flagge Preußen - Provinz Ostpreußen.svg
⚫
|s4 = Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)
⚫
|flag_s4 = POL województwo podlaskie IRP COA.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat = Trakai district COA.gif
⚫
|image_map = Trakai Voivodeship within Lithuania in the 17th century.png
|image_map_caption = Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century
|image_map_caption = Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century
⚫
|image_map2 = RON województwo trockie map.svg
⚫
|capital = Trakai
⚫
|image_map2_caption = Trakai Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
⚫
|political_subdiv = [[Powiat|Counties]]: 4
⚫
|capital = [[Trakai]]
⚫
|today= Lithuania, Poland, Belarus
⚫
|political_subdiv = [[Powiat|Counties]]: 4
|government_type = Monarchy
|government_type = Monarchy
|legislature = Sejmik
|legislature = Sejmik
|title_leader = Voivode
|title_leader = Voivode
|title_deputy = Castellan
|title_deputy = Castellan
|stat_year1=1570
|stat_year1 = 1570
|stat_area1=31100
|stat_area1 = 31100
|stat_year2=1790
|stat_year2 = 1790
|stat_area2=23885
|stat_area2 = 23885
|stat_pop2=288000
|stat_pop2 = 288000
⚫
|today = [[Lithuania]]<br />[[Poland]]<br />[[Belarus]]
|footnotes=Population and area are given according to {{lt icon}} {{cite book | last=Vaitiekūnas | first=Stasys | title=Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius | year=2006 | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas | location=Vilnius | isbn=5-420-01585-4 | pages=53, 71}}
|footnotes = Population and area are given according to {{cite book | last=Vaitiekūnas | first=Stasys | title=Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius | year=2006 | publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas | location=Vilnius | isbn=5-420-01585-4 | pages=53, 71|language=lt}}
}}
}}


'''Trakai Voivodeship''',<ref name=aruodai>{{lt icon}} {{cite web| first=Rimvydas |last=Laužikas | publisher=[[Lithuanian Institute of History]] |work=Aruodai| date=2004-10-15 | url=http://www.aruodai.lt/paieska/terminas.php?TeId=1756 |title=Trakų vaivadija |accessdate= 2008-06-07}}</ref> '''Trakai Palatinate''', or '''Troki Voivodeship'''<ref>{{cite book| first=Anatol |last=Leszczyński |title=Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze| publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich |year=1980 |isbn=83-04-00389-9 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MetJAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 | page=248 }}</ref> ({{lang-lt|Trakų vaivadija}}, {{lang-la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}, {{lang-pl|Województwo trockie}}), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] from 1413 until 1795.
'''Trakai Voivodeship''',<ref name=aruodai>{{cite web| first=Rimvydas |last=Laužikas | publisher=[[Lithuanian Institute of History]] |work=Aruodai| date=2004-10-15 | url=http://www.aruodai.lt/paieska/terminas.php?TeId=1756 |title=Trakų vaivadija |access-date= 2008-06-07|language=lt}}</ref> '''Trakai Palatinate''', or '''Troki Voivodeship'''<ref>{{cite book| first=Anatol |last=Leszczyński |title=Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze| publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich |year=1980 |isbn=83-04-00389-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MetJAAAAIAAJ | page=248 }}</ref> ({{langx|la|Palatinatus Trocensis}}, {{langx|lt|Trakų vaivadija}}, {{langx|pl|Województwo trockie}}), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] from 1413 until 1795.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Troki. Трокі (T. Makoŭski, 1600).jpg|thumb|left|[[Troki]], capital of the voivodeship, in the 17th century]]
Trakai Voivodeship together with [[Vilnius Voivodeship]] was established by the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Vytautas the Great]] in 1413 according to the [[Union of Horodło]].<ref name=aruodai/> Vytautas copied Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former [[Duchy of Trakai]], which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai ({{lang-la|dux Trocensis}}) was replaced by appointed officials – [[Voivodes of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|voivodes]] and his deputy [[castellan]].
Trakai Voivodeship together with [[Vilnius Voivodeship]] was established by the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Vytautas the Great]] in 1413 according to the [[Union of Horodło]].<ref name=aruodai/> Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former [[Duchy of Trakai]], which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai ({{langx|la|dux Trocensis}}) was replaced by appointed officials – [[Voivodes of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|voivodes]] and his deputy [[castellan]].


The voivodeship was divided into four [[powiat]]s: [[Grodno County (First Polish Republic)|Grodno County]], [[Kaunas]], [[Trakai]] (ruled directly by the voivode), and [[Upytė]].<ref name=aruodai/> The biggest cities in the voivodeship were [[Kaunas]], [[Grodno]] and [[Trakai]].
The voivodeship was divided into four {{ill|powets|be|Павет (Вялікае Княства Літоўскае)}}: [[Grodno powet (First Polish Republic)|Grodno]], [[Kaunas powet (First Polish Republic)|Kaunas]], [[Trakai powet (First Polish Republic)|Trakai]] (ruled directly by the voivode), and [[Upytė]].<ref name=aruodai/> The biggest cities in the voivodeship were [[Kaunas]], [[Grodno]] and [[Trakai]].


The western portion of the voivodeship was split off in 1513 by [[Sigismund I the Old]] and transferred to the [[Crown of the Polish Kingdom|Polish Crown]]. It was organized as the [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]]. In 1793, counties of Grodno and Sokółka and Wołkowysk one of [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] were merged in Grodno Voivodeship.
The western portion of the voivodeship was split off in 1513 by [[Sigismund I the Old]] and transferred to the [[Crown of the Polish Kingdom|Polish Crown]]. It was organized as the [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]]. In 1793, the counties of Grodno, Sokółka and Wołkowysk one of [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] were merged into Grodno Voivodeship.


After the [[Union of Lublin]] the voivodeship, together with whole Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] until the [[partitions of Poland|partitions of the Commonwealth]] in 1795. Most of the territory became part of the [[Russian Empire]], while territories west of the [[Neman River]] – part of the [[Province of East Prussia]].
After the [[Union of Lublin]] the voivodeship, together with the whole Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] until the [[partitions of Poland|partitions of the Commonwealth]] in 1795. Most of the territory became part of the [[Russian Empire]], while territories west of the [[Neman River]] – part of the [[Province of East Prussia]].


==Voivodes==
==Voivodes==
The Voivode of Trakai ({{lang-lt|Trakų vaivada}}) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and [[Kanclerz|Grand Chancellors]] for power and prestige.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Trakai | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=V | location=Boston, Massachusetts | id={{LCC | 74-114275}} | pages=491}}</ref> Voivodes were the ''ex officio'' members of the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords]]. Voivodes had their residence in [[Trakai]] city, near [[Galvė Lake]], north of the [[Trakai Peninsula Castle]].
The Voivode of Trakai ({{langx|pl|Wojewoda trocki}}, {{langx|lt|Trakų vaivada}}) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and [[Kanclerz|Grand Chancellors]] for power and prestige.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Trakai | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=V | location=Boston, Massachusetts | pages=491| lccn=74-114275 }}</ref> Voivodes were the ''ex officio'' members of the [[Lithuanian Council of Lords]]. Voivodes had their residence in [[Trakai]] city, near [[Galvė Lake]], north of the [[Trakai Peninsula Castle]].


===List of voivodes===
===List of voivodes===

⚫
[[Image:RON województwo trockie map.svg|250px|left|thumb|Trakai Voivodeship in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]]]
* [[Jonas Goštautas]] (1440)
* [[Jonas Goštautas]] (1440)
* [[Iwaszko Moniwidowicz]] (1443–1458)
* [[Iwaszko Moniwidowicz]] (1443–1458)
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* [[Martynas Goštautas]] (1480–1483)
* [[Martynas Goštautas]] (1480–1483)
* [[Jan Zabrzeziński]] (1498–1505)
* [[Jan Zabrzeziński]] (1498–1505)
* [[Albrecht Goštautas]] (1519–1522)
* [[Albrecht Goštautas|Olbracht Gasztołd (Albrecht Goštautas)]] (1519–1522)
* [[Konstanty Ostrogski]] (1522–1530)
* [[Konstanty Ostrogski]] (1522–1530)
* [[Stanislovas Goštautas]] (1542)
* [[Stanislovas Goštautas|Stanisław Gasztołd (Stanislovas Goštautas)]] (1542)
* [[Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł]] (1590–1604)
* [[Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł]] (1590–1604)
* [[Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz]] (1626–1640)
* [[Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz]] (1626–1640)
Line 71: Line 67:
* [[Mikołaj Abramowicz]] (1647–1651?)
* [[Mikołaj Abramowicz]] (1647–1651?)
* [[Marcjan Ogiński]] (since 1670)
* [[Marcjan Ogiński]] (since 1670)
*[[Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński]] (1770–1783)
* [[Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński]] (1770–1783)
*[[Józef Mikołaj Radziwiłł]] (since 1788)
* [[Józef Mikołaj Radziwiłł]] (since 1788)


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Voivodeships of Lithuania}}
{{Voivodeships of Lithuania}}
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{{coord|54.639319|24.935049|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}}
{{coord|54.639319|24.935049|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}}


[[Category:Former voivodeships of Poland (14th century–1795)]]
[[Category:Trakai Voivodeship| ]]
[[Category:Former voivodeships of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Voivodeships of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
[[Category:1413 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:15th-century establishments in Lithuania]]
[[Category:1795 disestablishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]

Latest revision as of 02:44, 25 October 2024

Trakai Voivodeship
Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis
Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija
Polish: Województwo trockie
Voivodeship of
Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1413–1569)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
1413–1795
Coat of arms of Trakai
Coat of arms

Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century

Trakai Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
CapitalTrakai
Area 
• 1570
31,100 km2 (12,000 sq mi)
• 1790
23,885 km2 (9,222 sq mi)
Population 
• 1790
288,000
 • TypeMonarchy
LegislatureSejmik
History 
• Established by Union of Horodło
1413
1569
1795
Political subdivisionsCounties: 4
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Trakai
Vilna Governorate
Grodno Governorate
East Prussia
Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)
Today part ofLithuania
Poland
Belarus
Population and area are given according to Vaitiekūnas, Stasys (2006). Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 53, 71. ISBN 5-420-01585-4.

Trakai Voivodeship,[1] Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship[2] (Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija, Polish: Województwo trockie), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795.

History

[edit]
Troki, capital of the voivodeship, in the 17th century

Trakai Voivodeship together with Vilnius Voivodeship was established by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great in 1413 according to the Union of Horodło.[1] Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former Duchy of Trakai, which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai (Latin: dux Trocensis) was replaced by appointed officials – voivodes and his deputy castellan.

The voivodeship was divided into four powets [be]: Grodno, Kaunas, Trakai (ruled directly by the voivode), and Upytė.[1] The biggest cities in the voivodeship were Kaunas, Grodno and Trakai.

The western portion of the voivodeship was split off in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old and transferred to the Polish Crown. It was organized as the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In 1793, the counties of Grodno, Sokółka and Wołkowysk one of Nowogródek Voivodeship were merged into Grodno Voivodeship.

After the Union of Lublin the voivodeship, together with the whole Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1795. Most of the territory became part of the Russian Empire, while territories west of the Neman River – part of the Province of East Prussia.

Voivodes

[edit]

The Voivode of Trakai (Polish: Wojewoda trocki, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivada) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and Grand Chancellors for power and prestige.[3] Voivodes were the ex officio members of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. Voivodes had their residence in Trakai city, near Galvė Lake, north of the Trakai Peninsula Castle.

List of voivodes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Laužikas, Rimvydas (2004-10-15). "Trakų vaivadija". Aruodai (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian Institute of History. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  2. ^ Leszczyński, Anatol (1980). Żydzi ziemi bielskiej od połowy XVII w. do 1795 r.: studium osadnicze. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 248. ISBN 83-04-00389-9.
  3. ^ Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Trakai". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 491. LCCN 74-114275.

54°38′22″N 24°56′06″E / 54.639319°N 24.935049°E / 54.639319; 24.935049

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