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View of Pisgat Ze'ev Mall (left) and Community Center (right foreground) on Moshe Dayan Boulevard

Map showing Pisgat Ze'ev and other Jewish (in blue) and Arab (in green) localities in East Jerusalem and the West Bank; the 1949 armistice line is in green, the boundary of East Jerusalem in red, and the pre-1967 border of the East Jerusalem Municipality in brown.

Pisgat Ze'ev (Hebrew: פסגת זאב, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem^[1] and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000.^[2] Pisgat Ze'ev was established by Israel as one of the city's five Ring Neighborhoods on land effectively annexed after the 1967 Six-Day War.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.^[3]

Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. The Israeli West Bank barrier includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.^[1]

History

Jerusalem Light Rail running through Pisgat Ze'ev

Antiquity

Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to Nablus and the Galilee. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the Temple in Jerusalem.^[4] Three ritual baths from the Second Temple period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.^[5]

The Byzantine period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an oil press and a cloth bag of 200 coins.^[4] An oven and pots from the Iron Age were also found nearby.^[4]

An archaeological site known as Deir Ghazali (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.^[6]

Overlooking the neighborhood is Tell el-Ful, believed to be the capital of the Tribe of Judah and site of the Israelite King Saul's palace. King Hussein of Jordan began constructing a palace there in the mid-1960s.^[4]^[7]

Modern era

In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near Hizme by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the Holocaust. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.^[8]

Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land annexed to Israel after the 1967 Six-Day War as one of the city's five Ring Neighborhoods, meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with Neve Yaakov in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, Ras at-Tawill, but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the Revisionist Zionist leader, Ze'ev Jabotinsky.^[9]

According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from several surrounding Palestinian communities in order to construct Pisgat Ze'ev:

1,458 dunams from Beit Hanina,^[10]
686 dunams from Beit Hanina for the Pisgat Amir neighbourhood in Pisgat Ze'ev,^[10]
239 dunams from Shuafat,^[11]
89 dunams from Hizma.^[12]

In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian suicide bomber. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a kippa and a prayer shawl.^[13] One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the Hadassah Medical Center in Ein Kerem.^[14]

Geography

The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as Ras at-Tawill, 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of French Hill, 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the watershed on the edge of the Judean Desert.

Demographics

In 2017, Pisgat Zeev had a population of 42,300.^[15] In 2007 it was reported to have about 1,300 of which were Arabs.^[16] Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.^[4] The construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.^[17]

Status under international law

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories, including East Jerusalem, to violate the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into occupied territory and thus illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.^[3]^[18] Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.^[19]^[20]

Schools and public buildings

With 40 percent of the residents under the age of 21, Pisgat Ze'ev has 58 kindergartens, 9 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 3 high schools. There are also 22 synagogues and 2 libraries.

Transportation

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.^[21] It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall.

Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the Jerusalem Light Rail line. Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.^[22]

Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon.^[21] In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St.^[21] A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Street names

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.^[21] It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon.^[21] In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St.^[21] A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Environmental projects

With the help of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a 5-acre (20,000 m²) site used as an illegal dumping ground into a wildflower sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.^[23]

In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ritual bath in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day.^[24] In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.^[25]

References

^ ^a ^b Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan (2009). The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel. ISBN 978-1-109-11520-8.
^ Pisgat Ze'ev at GoJerusalem.com
^ ^a ^b "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pisgat Ze'ev Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Jerusalem Municipality
^ Adler, Yonatan (September 9, 2008). "English". Journal of Jewish Studies. 59 (1): 62–72. doi:10.18647/2774/JJS-2008 – via www.academia.edu.
^ "Projects - Preservation". www.iaa-conservation.org.il.
^ Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). Jerusalem: a city and its future. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8156-2913-9. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
^ Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust, Haaretz
^ "Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev". Jerusalem Municipality. 2009-07-13. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
^ ^a ^b Beit Hanina Town Profile, 2013, pp. 13-14
^ Shu’fat Town Profile, 2013 p. 14
^ Hizma Village Profile, 2012, p. 17
^ Silver, Eric (2003-05-19). "Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus". The Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
^ Sedan, Gil (2003-05-23). "Rich, poor, Arab, Jew — Terror kills without prejudice". Jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
^ Korach, Michal; Choshen, Maya (2019). "Jerusalem Facts and Trends" (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. p. 21. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
^ "Holy City twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
^ Mitnick, Joshua (2006-05-08). "Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
^ The settlers' struggle BBC News. 19 December 2003
^ Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Archived 2010-07-06 at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45
^ Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Information about Jerusalem Street Names" (in Hebrew). Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
^ "Route Map" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
^ "The American Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel - Jerusalem". February 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-02-08.
^ "Report: NYC seeks Hizbullah fugitives". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
^ "Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem". Archived from the original on September 3, 2012.

External links

Official website (in Hebrew)
Jerusalem Photos Portal — Pisgat Ze'ev

31°49′30″N 35°14′30″E / 31.82500°N 35.24167°E / 31.82500; 35.24167

[Clarnop210-1] Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan (2009). The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel. ISBN 978-1-109-11520-8.

[2] Pisgat Ze'ev at GoJerusalem.com

[BBC_GC4-3] "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.

[jmuni-4] Pisgat Ze'ev Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Jerusalem Municipality

[5] Adler, Yonatan (September 9, 2008). "English". Journal of Jewish Studies. 59 (1): 62–72. doi:10.18647/2774/JJS-2008 – via www.academia.edu.

[6] "Projects - Preservation". www.iaa-conservation.org.il.

[7] Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). Jerusalem: a city and its future. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8156-2913-9. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

[HzPZ-8] Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust, Haaretz

[9] "Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev". Jerusalem Municipality. 2009-07-13. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-03-30.

[ARIJ14-10] Beit Hanina Town Profile, 2013, pp. 13-14

[ARIJp14-11] Shu’fat Town Profile, 2013 p. 14

[ARIJ_Hizma-12] Hizma Village Profile, 2012, p. 17

[13] Silver, Eric (2003-05-19). "Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus". The Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-30.

[14] Sedan, Gil (2003-05-23). "Rich, poor, Arab, Jew — Terror kills without prejudice". Jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.

[15] Korach, Michal; Choshen, Maya (2019). "Jerusalem Facts and Trends" (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. p. 21. Retrieved February 26, 2020.

[16] "Holy City twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.

[17] Mitnick, Joshua (2006-05-08). "Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2010-03-30.

[18] The settlers' struggle BBC News. 19 December 2003

[19] Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Archived 2010-07-06 at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45

[20] Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem

[streets-21] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Information about Jerusalem Street Names" (in Hebrew). Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2012-02-03.

[22] "Route Map" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-11-30.

[23] "The American Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel - Jerusalem". February 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-02-08.

[24] "Report: NYC seeks Hizbullah fugitives". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.

[25] "Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem". Archived from the original on September 3, 2012.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Neighborhood and Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem}}
+{{Short description|Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem}}
 {{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
 [[Image:PisgatzeevS.jpg|thumb|View of Pisgat Ze'ev Mall (left) and Community Center (right foreground) on Moshe Dayan Boulevard]]
 [[File:EastJerusalemMap-es.svg|thumb|Map showing Pisgat Ze'ev and other Jewish (in blue) and Arab (in green) localities in East Jerusalem and the West Bank; the 1949 armistice line is in green, the boundary of East Jerusalem in red, and the pre-1967 border of the East Jerusalem Municipality in brown.]]
-'''Pisgat Ze'ev''' ({{lang-he|פסגת זאב}}, lit. ''Ze'ev's Peak'') is an [[Israeli settlement]] in [[East Jerusalem]]<ref name=Clarnop210>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5QzkJ0vpKYC&pg=PA210 |title=The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel|author=Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan|publisher=ProQuest|year=2009|ISBN= 978-1-109-11520-8}}</ref> and the largest residential neighborhood in [[Jerusalem]] with a population of over 50,000.<ref>[http://www.gojerusalem.com/discover/item_10967/Pisgat-Zeev Pisgat Ze'ev] at GoJerusalem.com</ref> Pisgat Ze'ev was established by [[Israel]] as one of the city's five [[Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem|Ring Neighborhoods]] on land [[Jerusalem Law|effectively annexed]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]].
+'''Pisgat Ze'ev''' ({{langx|he|פסגת זאב}}, lit. ''Ze'ev's Peak'') is an [[Israeli settlement]] in [[East Jerusalem]]<ref name=Clarnop210>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5QzkJ0vpKYC&pg=PA210 |title=The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel|author=Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan|year=2009|isbn= 978-1-109-11520-8}}</ref> and the largest residential neighborhood in [[Jerusalem]] with a population of over 50,000.<ref>[http://www.gojerusalem.com/discover/item_10967/Pisgat-Zeev Pisgat Ze'ev] at GoJerusalem.com</ref> Pisgat Ze'ev was established by [[Israel]] as one of the city's five [[Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem|Ring Neighborhoods]] on land [[Jerusalem Law|effectively annexed]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]].
-The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
+The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
 Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of [[Shuafat]] and [[Beit Hanina]], west of [[Hizma]], south of [[Neve Yaakov]], and north of [['Anata]] and the Shuafat [[Palestinian refugee camp|refugee camp]]. The [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.<ref name=Clarnop210/>
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ===Antiquity===
-Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to [[Nablus]] and the [[Galilee]]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].<ref name=jmuni>[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 Pisgat Ze'ev] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |date=2011-06-17 }} [[Jerusalem Municipality]]</ref> Three ritual baths from the [[Second Temple]] period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>[https://bgu.academia.edu/YonatanAdler/Papers/169435/Second_Temple_Period_Ritual_Baths_Adjacent_to_Agricultural_Installations_The_Archaeological_Evidence_in_Light_of_the_Halakhic_Sources Second Temple Period Ritual Baths Adjacent to Agricultural Installations]</ref>
+Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to [[Nablus]] and the [[Galilee]]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].<ref name=jmuni>[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 Pisgat Ze'ev] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |date=2011-06-17 }} [[Jerusalem Municipality]]</ref> Three ritual baths from the [[Second Temple]] period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/233670|title=English|first=Yonatan|last=Adler|date=September 9, 2008|journal=Journal of Jewish Studies|volume=59|issue=1|pages=62–72|doi=10.18647/2774/JJS-2008 |via=www.academia.edu}}</ref>
 The [[Byzantine]] period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an [[oil press]] and a cloth bag of 200 coins.<ref name=jmuni/> An oven and pots from the [[Iron Age]] were also found nearby.<ref name=jmuni/>
-An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref>[http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=3&subject_id=10&id=126 Heritage conservation in Israel:Maintaining Antiquities Sites in the Western Part of the City]</ref>
+An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=3&subject_id=10&id=126|title=Projects - Preservation|website=www.iaa-conservation.org.il}}</ref>
-Overlooking the neighborhood is [[Tell el-Ful]], believed to be the capital of the [[Tribe of Judah]] and site of the Israelite King [[Saul]]'s palace. King [[Hussein of Jordan]] began [[Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful|constructing a palace]] there in the mid-1960's.<ref name=jmuni/> <ref>Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). ''Jerusalem: a city and its future''. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. {{ISBN|978-0-8156-2913-9}}. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref>
+Overlooking the neighborhood is [[Tell el-Ful]], believed to be the capital of the [[Tribe of Judah]] and site of the Israelite King [[Saul]]'s palace. King [[Hussein of Jordan]] began [[Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful|constructing a palace]] there in the mid-1960s.<ref name=jmuni/><ref>Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). ''Jerusalem: a city and its future''. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. {{ISBN|978-0-8156-2913-9}}. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref>
 ===Modern era===
 In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near [[Hizme]] by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the [[Holocaust]]. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref name= "HzPZ">[http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/much-of-pisgat-ze-ev-built-on-land-bought-by-jews-who-died-in-the-holocaust-1.422675 Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust], ''[[Haaretz]]''</ref>
-Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land [[Jerusalem Law|annexed to Israel]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]] as one of the city's five [[Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem|Ring Neighborhoods]], meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with [[Neve Yaakov]] in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, ''Ras at-Tawill'', but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the [[Revisionist Zionism|Revisionist Zionist]] leader, [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |title=Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2009-07-13 |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |archivedate=2011-06-17 }}</ref>
+Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land [[Jerusalem Law|annexed to Israel]] after the 1967 [[Six-Day War]] as one of the city's five [[Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem|Ring Neighborhoods]], meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with [[Neve Yaakov]] in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, ''Ras at-Tawill'', but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the [[Revisionist Zionism|Revisionist Zionist]] leader, [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |title=Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2009-07-13 |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |archive-date=2011-06-17 }}</ref>
 According to [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem|ARIJ]], Israel [[Land expropriation in the West Bank|confiscated]] land from several surrounding [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] communities in order to construct Pisgat Ze'ev:
-*1,458 [[Dunam|dunams]] from [[Beit Hanina]],<ref name="ARIJ14">[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/beithanina.pdf Beit Hanina Town Profile], 2013, pp. 13-14</ref>
+*1,458 [[dunam]]s from [[Beit Hanina]],<ref name="ARIJ14">[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/beithanina.pdf Beit Hanina Town Profile], 2013, pp. 13-14</ref>
 *686 dunams from [[Beit Hanina]] for the  Pisgat Amir neighbourhood in Pisgat Ze'ev,<ref name="ARIJ14" />
 *239 dunams from [[Shuafat]],<ref name="ARIJp14">[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/shufat.pdf Shu’fat Town Profile], 2013 p. 14</ref>
 *89 dunams from [[Hizma]].<ref name=ARIJ_Hizma>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Hizma_EN.pdf ''Hizma Village Profile''], 2012, p. 17</ref>
-In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian [[suicide bomber]]. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a [[kippa]] and a [[tallit|prayer shawl]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google.com/search?q=cache:GIwL0IQ06LoJ:www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nightmare-images-from-a-jerusalem-commuters-bus-538717.html+street+names+pisgat+zeev&cd=31&hl=en&ct=clnk |title=Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus |last=Silver |first=Eric |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-19 |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the [[Hadassah Medical Center]] in [[Ein Kerem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/19918/rich-poor-arab-jew-terror-kills-without-prejudice/ |title=Rich, poor, Arab, Jew&nbsp;— Terror kills without prejudice |last=Sedan |first=Gil |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-23 |publisher=Jweekly.com}}</ref>
+In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian [[suicide bomber]]. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a [[kippa]] and a [[tallit|prayer shawl]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nightmare-images-from-a-jerusalem-commuters-bus-538717.html |title=Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus |last=Silver |first=Eric |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-19 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the [[Hadassah Medical Center]] in [[Ein Kerem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/19918/rich-poor-arab-jew-terror-kills-without-prejudice/ |title=Rich, poor, Arab, Jew&nbsp;— Terror kills without prejudice |last=Sedan |first=Gil |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-23 |publisher=Jweekly.com}}</ref>
 ==Geography==
 [[File:PisgatZeev97.jpg|thumb|Great Synagogue, Pisgat Ze'ev]]
-The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as ''Ras at-Tawill'', 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of [[Shuafat]] and [[Beit Hanina]], west of [[Hizma]], south of [[Neve Yaakov]], and north of [[French Hill]], [['Anata]] and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the [[drainage divide|watershed]] on the edge of the [[Judean Desert]].
+The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as ''Ras at-Tawill'', 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of [[Shuafat]] and [[Beit Hanina]], west of [[Hizma]], south of [[Neve Yaakov]], and north of [[French Hill (neighborhood)|French Hill]], [['Anata]] and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the [[drainage divide|watershed]] on the edge of the [[Judean Desert]].
 ==Demographics==
-In 2017, Pisgat Zeev had a population of 42,300.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf|title=Jerusalem Facts and Trends|year=2019|author1=Korach, Michal|author2=Choshen, Maya|publisher=[[Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research]]|page=21|accessdate=February 26, 2020|format=PDF}}</ref> In 2007 it was reported to have about 1,300 of which were Arabs.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Holy-City-twist-Arabs-moving-into-Jewish-areas  Holy city twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas]</ref> Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.<ref name="jmuni" /> The construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20060508-120655-8112r.htm |title=Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town |last=Mitnick |first=Joshua |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2006-05-08 |publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}</ref>
+In 2017, Pisgat Zeev had a population of 42,300.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf|title=Jerusalem Facts and Trends|year=2019|author1=Korach, Michal|author2=Choshen, Maya|publisher=[[Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research]]|page=21|access-date=February 26, 2020}}</ref> In 2007 it was reported to have about 1,300 of which were Arabs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel/holy-city-twist-arabs-moving-into-jewish-areas|title=Holy City twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.<ref name="jmuni" /> The construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20060508-120655-8112r.htm |title=Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town |last=Mitnick |first=Joshua |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2006-05-08 |publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}</ref>
 ==Status under international law==
-{{main|International law and Israeli settlements}}
+{{Main|International law and Israeli settlements}}
 The international community considers Israeli settlements in the [[Israeli-occupied territories]], including East Jerusalem, to violate the [[Fourth Geneva Convention]]'s prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into occupied territory and thus illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3333727.stm The settlers' struggle] BBC News. 19 December 2003</ref> Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the [[International Court of Justice]] and the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }} International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45</ref><ref>[http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/international_court_decision Opinion of the International Court of Justice] B'Tselem</ref>
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 ==Transportation==
-[[Moshe Dayan]] Boulevard, beginning at [[Highway 1 (Israel)]] in the south and ending in [[Neve Yaakov]] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=/jer_sys/pro/rehovot/rehovot0.html&cont=229 |title=Information about Jerusalem Street Names |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |accessdate=2012-02-03|language=he}}</ref>  It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the [[List of shopping malls in Israel#Jerusalem|Pisga Mall]].
+[[Moshe Dayan]] Boulevard, beginning at [[Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine)]] in the south and ending in [[Neve Yaakov]] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=/jer_sys/pro/rehovot/rehovot0.html&cont=229 |title=Information about Jerusalem Street Names |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |access-date=2012-02-03|language=he}}</ref>  It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the [[List of shopping malls in Israel#Jerusalem|Pisga Mall]].
-Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] line.  Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|title=Route Map}}</ref>
+Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] line.  Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|title=Route Map|access-date=2014-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204403/http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as [[Simcha Holtzberg]], [[Moshe Rachmilewitz]], [[Eliyahu Meridor]] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for [[Israel Defense Forces]] units that fought in the country's wars such as [[Duchifat Battalion|Sayeret Duchifat]] Blvd., [[Etzioni Brigade|HaSayeret HaYerushalmit]] St., [[Golani Brigade|Sayeret Golani]] St. and [[Israeli Air Force|Hel HaAvir]] St.<ref name="streets" />  A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.
 ===Street names===
-[[Moshe Dayan]] Boulevard, beginning at [[Highway 1 (Israel)]] in the south and ending in [[Neve Yaakov]] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets" />  It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the [[List of shopping malls in Israel#Jerusalem|Pisga Mall]]. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as [[Simcha Holtzberg]], [[Moshe Rachmilewitz]], [[Eliyahu Meridor]] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for [[Israel Defense Forces]] units that fought in the country's wars such as [[Duchifat Battalion|Sayeret Duchifat]] Blvd., [[Etzioni Brigade|HaSayeret HaYerushalmit]] St., [[Golani Brigade|Sayeret Golani]] St. and [[Israeli Air Force|Hel HaAvir]] St.<ref name="streets" />  A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.
+[[Moshe Dayan]] Boulevard, beginning at [[Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine)]] in the south and ending in [[Neve Yaakov]] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets" />  It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the [[List of shopping malls in Israel#Jerusalem|Pisga Mall]]. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as [[Simcha Holtzberg]], [[Moshe Rachmilewitz]], [[Eliyahu Meridor]] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for [[Israel Defense Forces]] units that fought in the country's wars such as [[Duchifat Battalion|Sayeret Duchifat]] Blvd., [[Etzioni Brigade|HaSayeret HaYerushalmit]] St., [[Golani Brigade|Sayeret Golani]] St. and [[Israeli Air Force|Hel HaAvir]] St.<ref name="streets" />  A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.
 ==Environmental projects==
-With the help of the [[Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel]] (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a {{convert|5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site used as an illegal dumping ground into a [[wildflower]] sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060208002008/http://www.aspni.org/aspni_jerusalem.html SPNI Jerusalem]</ref>
+With the help of the [[Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel]] (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a {{convert|5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site used as an illegal dumping ground into a [[wildflower]] sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aspni.org/aspni_jerusalem.html|title=The American Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel - Jerusalem|date=February 8, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208002008/http://www.aspni.org/aspni_jerusalem.html |archive-date=2006-02-08 }}</ref>
-In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the [[mikve|ritual bath]] in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=22540 3Pisgat Ze’ev mikve to get recycled-water system in August ]</ref> In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.<ref>[http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493 Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120903133317/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493 |date=2012-09-03 }}</ref>
+In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the [[mikve|ritual bath]] in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/report-nyc-seeks-hizbullah-fugitives|title=Report: NYC seeks Hizbullah fugitives|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120903133317/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493|url-status=dead|title=Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem|archivedate=September 3, 2012}}</ref>
 [[Image:Pisgat Zeev Mizrah.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Pisgat Ze'ev East]]
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 * [[List of places in Jerusalem]]
 * [[Kubur Bani Yisra’il]]
+* [[Pisgat Ze'ev stabbings]]
 * [[Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 80: / Line 81: @@
 {{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{Coord|31|49|30|N|35|14|30|E |region:IL_type:city |display=title}}
-[[Category:Israeli settlements]]
+[[Category:Ring Settlements, East Jerusalem]]
 [[Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem]]

v t e Neighborhoods of Jerusalem
Jerusalem neighborhoods in East Jerusalem are depicted in green, those in West Jerusalem in blue (see Green Line).
Old City	Armenian Quarter Christian Quarter Muristan Jewish Quarter Muslim Quarter Bab al-Huta
Central	Arzei HaBira Batei Ungarin Beit David Beit Ya'akov Beit Yisrael Bukharim Downtown Triangle Geula Givat HaVradim Givat Ram Jerusalem Gateway Katamon Kerem Avraham Kiryat HaLeom Kiryat HaMemshala Kiryat Shmuel Kiryat Shomrei Emunim Kiryat Wolfson Mahane Israel Mahane Yehuda Mea Shearim Mekor Baruch Mount Zion Musrara Nahalat Shiv'a Nachlaot Nayot Neve Granot Neve Sha'anan Rehavia Romema Russian Compound Sha'arei Hesed Shmuel HaNavi Talbiya (Komemiyut) Yemin Moshe Zikhron Moshe
Northern	Al-Ram Beit Hanina Dahiyat al–Barid Ezrat Torah French Hill Givat HaMivtar Givat Moshe Har Hotzvim Kafr 'Aqab Kiryat Belz Kiryat Itri Kiryat Mattersdorf Kiryat Sanz Ma'alot Dafna Mount Scopus Neve Yaakov Pisgat Ze'ev Ramat Eshkol Ramat Shlomo Ramot Ramot Polin Sanhedria Sanhedria Murhevet Shikun Chabad Shuafat Tel Arza Unsdorf
Eastern	Arab al–Jahalin American Colony Al Bustan Al-Issawiya At-Tur Bab a-Zahara Bethany Ir David Jabel Mukaber Kiryat Menachem Begin Ma'ale HaZeitim Nahalat Shimon Nof Zion Ras al-Amud Sheikh Jarrah Shimon HaTzadik Silwan Wadi al-Joz
Southern	Abu Tor Arnona Baka Beit Safafa East Talpiot German Colony Gilo Givat HaMatos Givat Oranim Givat Massuah Greek colony Har Homa Katamonim Malha Mekor Chaim Pat Ramat Rachel San Simon Sharafat Sur Baher Talpiot Umm Tuba
Western	Bayit VeGan Beit HaKerem Ein Karem Givat Beit HaKerem Givat Shaul Givat Mordechai Har Nof Ir Ganim Kiryat HaYovel Kiryat Menachem Kiryat Moshe Motza Ramat Beit HaKerem Ramat Denya Ramat Sharett Yefeh Nof
Historical	Atarot Batei Munkacs Batei Saidoff Even Yisrael Ezrat Yisrael Kirya Ne'emana Knesset Yisrael Lifta Mahane Yehuda Mamilla Mazkeret Moshe Mishkenot Sha'ananim Mughrabi Quarter Ohel Shlomo Sha'arei Yerushalayim Sheikh Badr Zikhron Tuvya Zikhron Yosef
See also: Courtyard neighborhood • Ring Neighborhoods

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Israel