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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = {{Rafi (political party)/meta/color}}
| colorcode = {{party color|Rafi (political party)}}
| name_english = Israeli Workers List
| name = Israeli Workers List
| native_name = {{lang-he|רשימת פועלי ישראל}}
| native_name = {{Script/Hebrew|רשימת פועלי ישראל}}
| logo = Rafi.svg
| party_logo =
| logo_size = 100px
| leader1_title = Chairman
| leader1_title = Chairman
| leader1_name = [[David Ben-Gurion]]
| leader1_name = [[David Ben-Gurion]]
| foundation = 14 July 1965
| foundation = 14 July 1965
| dissolution = 23 January 1968
| dissolution = 23 January 1968
| split = [[Mapai]]
| merged = [[Israeli Labor Party]]
| split = [[Mapai]]
| headquarters = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| merged = [[Israeli Labor Party]]
| headquarters = [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Social democracy]]<br>[[Social liberalism]]}}
| ideology = [[Labor Zionism]]<br>[[Social democracy]]
| position = [[Centre-left]]
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]
| symbol = כא
| symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|כא}}
| colours = {{colorbox|{{Rafi (political party)/meta/color}}}} [[Blue]]
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Rafi (political party)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Blue]]
| country = Israel
| country = Israel
| seats1_title = Most MKs
| seats1_title = Most MKs
| seats1 = 10 (1965)
| seats1 = 10 (1965)
⚫
}}
}}[[File:David Ben-Gurion (997009764780505171).jpg|thumb|[[Moshe Dayan]], [[David Ben-Gurion]] and [[Shimon Peres]] at the founding conference of Rafi in 1966]]
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Rafi Poster.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Rafi campaign poster from the [[Israeli legislative election, 1965|1965 elections]]. The caption reads: "The Only Road", with a sign pointing towards "Change the voting system". כא are the party's [[Elections in Israel#Ballot letters|ballot letters]].]] -->


'''Rafi''' ({{lang-he-n|רַפִ"י}}, an acronym for ''Reshimat Poalei Yisrael'' ({{lang-he-n|רְשִׁימָת פּוֹעַלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל}}), lit. ''Israeli Workers List'') was a [[Center-left]] [[List of political parties in Israel|political party]] in [[Israel]], founded by former [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]], [[David Ben-Gurion]] in 1965. In 1968 it was one of three parties that merged to form the [[Israeli Labor Party]].
'''Rafi''' ({{langx|he|רַפִ"י}}, an abbreviation of ''Reshimat Poalei Yisrael'' ({{langx|he|רְשִׁימָת פּוֹעַלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל}}), {{lit|Israeli Workers List}}) was a [[center-left]] [[List of political parties in Israel|political party]] in [[Israel]], founded by former [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]], [[David Ben-Gurion]] in 1965. In 1968 it was one of three parties that merged to form the [[Israeli Labor Party]].


==History==
==History==
Rafi was founded on 14 July 1965 when David Ben-Gurion led a breakaway of eight MKs from [[Mapai]], the ruling party, taking with him [[Moshe Dayan]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[Chaim Herzog]], and [[Teddy Kollek]], among others.<ref name="shindler">{{cite book |author=Colin Shindler |title=The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2002 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7VBoVr089GwC&lpg=PA65&dq=rafi%20six%20day%20war&client=safari&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=rafi%20six%20day%20war&f=false |page=65 |isbn=9781860647741 |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> The split had two main causes; the first was the disagreements within Mapai over the [[Lavon Affair]]; Ben-Gurion did not agree to declaring Lavon innocent without judicial investigation committee. The second was the formation of the [[Alignment (political party)|Labor Alignment]] by an alliance of [[Mapai]] and [[Ahdut HaAvoda]]. The new party's establishment, a merger of two of the largest left-wing parties, was intended to delay planned reforms to the electoral system (i.e. to change from proportional representation to a constituency-based system) that were important to Ben-Gurion.
Rafi was founded on 14 July 1965 when David Ben-Gurion led a breakaway of eight MKs from [[Mapai]], the ruling party, taking with him [[Moshe Dayan]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[Chaim Herzog]], and [[Teddy Kollek]], among others.<ref name="shindler">{{cite book |author=Colin Shindler |title=The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBoVr089GwC&q=rafi+six+day+war&pg=PA65 |page=65 |isbn=9781860647741 |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref> The split had two main causes; the first was the disagreements within Mapai over the [[Lavon Affair]]; Ben-Gurion did not agree to declaring Lavon innocent without judicial investigation committee. The second was the formation of the [[Alignment (political party)|Labor Alignment]] by an alliance of [[Mapai]] and [[Ahdut HaAvoda]]. The new party's establishment, a merger of two of the largest left-wing parties, was intended to delay planned reforms to the electoral system (i.e. to change from proportional representation to a constituency-based system) that were important to Ben-Gurion.


The party ran for the [[Israeli legislative election, 1965|1965 elections]] on a platform of changing the electoral systems. Although Ben-Gurion hoped to displace the Labour Alignment as the leading left-wing party in the [[Knesset]], Rafi won only 10 seats. In early 1967, Rafi and [[Menachem Begin]]'s [[Gahal]] party discussed the idea of forming a center-right coalition to challenge Mapai.<ref name="shindler" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Efraim Karsh |title=Israel: The First Hundred Years, Volume 3 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2000 |series=Cass series--Israeli history, politics, and society |issn=1368-4795 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eMjmZaku8XoC&lpg=PA111&dq=rafi%20six%20day%20war&lr=&client=safari&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q=rafi%20six%20day%20war&f=false |page=111 |isbn=9780714649610 |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> The party was not included in [[Levi Eshkol]]'s coalition government until the formation of the [[government of national unity]] (in which Dayan replaced Eshkol as defense minister), on the day the [[Six-Day War]] started; the [[right wing]] [[Gahal]] alliance also joined the government 5 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist6_s.htm |title=Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixth Knesset |publisher=Knesset |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>
The party ran for the [[1965 Israeli legislative election|1965 elections]] on a platform of changing the electoral systems. Although Ben-Gurion hoped to displace the Labour Alignment as the leading left-wing party in the [[Knesset]], Rafi won only 10 seats. In early 1967, Rafi and [[Menachem Begin]]'s [[Gahal]] party discussed the idea of forming a center-right coalition to challenge Mapai.<ref name="shindler" /><ref>{{cite book |author=Efraim Karsh |title=Israel: The First Hundred Years, Volume 3 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2000 |series=Cass series--Israeli history, politics, and society |issn=1368-4795 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjmZaku8XoC&q=rafi+six+day+war&pg=PA111 |page=111 |isbn=9780714649610 |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref> The party was not included in [[Levi Eshkol]]'s coalition government until the formation of the [[government of national unity]] (in which Dayan replaced Eshkol as defense minister), on the day the [[Six-Day War]] started; the [[right wing]] [[Gahal]] alliance also joined the government 5 June.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist6_s.htm |title=Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixth Knesset |publisher=Knesset |access-date=25 June 2015}}</ref>


On 23 January 1968 the party merged with [[Ahdut HaAvoda]] and [[Mapai]] to form the [[Israeli Labor Party]] and ceased to exist as an independent entity. However, Ben-Gurion could not reconcile himself to the merger with his foes, and broke away from the party to sit as an independent MK for the rest of the Knesset session. Prior to the [[Israeli legislative election, 1969|1969 elections]], he founded another new party, the [[National List]]. However, after Ben-Gurion retired from politics in 1970 it fell apart, eventually merging with the [[Free Centre]] and [[Gahal]] to form [[Likud]].
On 23 January 1968 the party merged with [[Ahdut HaAvoda]] and [[Mapai]] to form the [[Israeli Labor Party]] and ceased to exist as an independent entity. However, Ben-Gurion could not reconcile himself to the merger with his foes, and broke away from the party to sit as an independent MK for the rest of the Knesset session. Prior to the [[1969 Israeli legislative election|1969 elections]], he founded another new party, the [[National List]]. However, after Ben-Gurion retired from politics in 1970 it fell apart, eventually merging with the [[Free Centre]] and [[Gahal]] to form [[Likud]].


The name Rafi was briefly resurrected during the [[Israeli legislative election, 1977|ninth Knesset]] and again during the [[Israeli legislative election, 1981|tenth Knesset]] when breakaways from Likud named themselves [[Ometz (political party)|Rafi – National List]]. The party was later renamed [[Ometz (political party)|Ometz]].
The name Rafi was briefly resurrected during the [[1977 Israeli legislative election|ninth Knesset]] and again during the [[1981 Israeli legislative election|tenth Knesset]] when breakaways from Likud named themselves [[Ometz (political party)|Rafi – National List]]. The party was later renamed [[Ometz (political party)|Ometz]].

==Election results==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! Election
! Votes
! %
! Seats
! +/–
! Leader
|-
| [[1965 Israeli legislative election|1965]]
| 95,328 (#4)
| 7.9
| {{Composition bar|10|120|hex={{party color|Rafi (political party)}}}}
| {{center|New}}
| {{center|[[David Ben-Gurion]]}}
|-
⚫
|}


==Knesset Members==
==Knesset Members==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Knesset<br>(MKs)
!Knesset<br />(MKs)
!Knesset Members
!Knesset Members
|-
|-
|[[Israeli legislative election, 1961|5th]]<br>(8)
|[[1961 Israeli legislative election|5th]]<br />(8)
|style="text-align:left"|[[Yosef Almogi]], [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Gideon Ben-Israel]], [[Moshe Dayan]], [[Amos Degani]], [[Hannah Lamdan]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[S. Yizhar|Yizhar Smilansky]]
|style="text-align:left"|[[Yosef Almogi]], [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Gideon Ben-Israel]], [[Moshe Dayan]], [[Amos Degani]], [[Hannah Lamdan]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[S. Yizhar|Yizhar Smilansky]]
|-
|-
|[[Israeli legislative election, 1965|6th]]<br>(10)
|[[1965 Israeli legislative election|6th]]<br />(10)
|style="text-align:left"|Yosef Almogi, David Ben-Gurion, [[Mordechai Ben-Porat]], Moshe Dayan, [[Mathilda Guez]], [[Yitzhak Navon]], Shimon Peres, Yizhar Smilansky (replaced by Amos Degani), [[Mordechai Surkis]], [[Tzvi Tzur]] (replaced by [[Aryeh Bahir]])
|style="text-align:left"|Yosef Almogi, David Ben-Gurion, [[Mordechai Ben-Porat]], Moshe Dayan, [[Mathilda Guez]], [[Yitzhak Navon]], Shimon Peres, Yizhar Smilansky (replaced by Amos Degani), [[Mordechai Surkis]], [[Tzvi Tzur]] (replaced by [[Aryeh Bahir]])
|-
|-
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==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=74 Rafi] Knesset website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150320072816/https://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist6_s.htm Rafi] Knesset website, archived from [https://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist6_s.htm the original] on 2015-03-20


{{Israeli political parties}}
{{Israeli political parties}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Political parties established in 1965]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1965]]
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[[Category:Defunct political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Zionist political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Zionist political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Labor Zionism]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Left-wing nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew]]

Latest revision as of 05:39, 25 October 2024

Israeli Workers List
רשימת פועלי ישראל‎
ChairmanDavid Ben-Gurion
Founded14 July 1965
Dissolved23 January 1968
Split fromMapai
Merged intoIsraeli Labor Party
HeadquartersTel Aviv, Israel
IdeologyLabor Zionism
Social democracy
Political positionCentre-left
Colours  Blue
Most MKs10 (1965)
Election symbol
כא‎
Moshe Dayan, David Ben-Gurion and Shimon Peres at the founding conference of Rafi in 1966

Rafi (Hebrew: רַפִ"י, an abbreviation of Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (Hebrew: רְשִׁימָת פּוֹעַלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), lit. 'Israeli Workers List') was a center-left political party in Israel, founded by former Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion in 1965. In 1968 it was one of three parties that merged to form the Israeli Labor Party.

History

[edit]

Rafi was founded on 14 July 1965 when David Ben-Gurion led a breakaway of eight MKs from Mapai, the ruling party, taking with him Moshe Dayan, Shimon Peres, Chaim Herzog, and Teddy Kollek, among others.[1] The split had two main causes; the first was the disagreements within Mapai over the Lavon Affair; Ben-Gurion did not agree to declaring Lavon innocent without judicial investigation committee. The second was the formation of the Labor Alignment by an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda. The new party's establishment, a merger of two of the largest left-wing parties, was intended to delay planned reforms to the electoral system (i.e. to change from proportional representation to a constituency-based system) that were important to Ben-Gurion.

The party ran for the 1965 elections on a platform of changing the electoral systems. Although Ben-Gurion hoped to displace the Labour Alignment as the leading left-wing party in the Knesset, Rafi won only 10 seats. In early 1967, Rafi and Menachem Begin's Gahal party discussed the idea of forming a center-right coalition to challenge Mapai.[1][2] The party was not included in Levi Eshkol's coalition government until the formation of the government of national unity (in which Dayan replaced Eshkol as defense minister), on the day the Six-Day War started; the right wing Gahal alliance also joined the government 5 June.[3]

On 23 January 1968 the party merged with Ahdut HaAvoda and Mapai to form the Israeli Labor Party and ceased to exist as an independent entity. However, Ben-Gurion could not reconcile himself to the merger with his foes, and broke away from the party to sit as an independent MK for the rest of the Knesset session. Prior to the 1969 elections, he founded another new party, the National List. However, after Ben-Gurion retired from politics in 1970 it fell apart, eventually merging with the Free Centre and Gahal to form Likud.

The name Rafi was briefly resurrected during the ninth Knesset and again during the tenth Knesset when breakaways from Likud named themselves Rafi – National List. The party was later renamed Ometz.

Election results

[edit]
Election Votes % Seats +/– Leader
1965 95,328 (#4) 7.9
10 / 120
New
David Ben-Gurion

Knesset Members

[edit]
Knesset
(MKs) 		Knesset Members
5th
(8) 		Yosef Almogi, David Ben-Gurion, Gideon Ben-Israel, Moshe Dayan, Amos Degani, Hannah Lamdan, Shimon Peres, Yizhar Smilansky
6th
(10) 		Yosef Almogi, David Ben-Gurion, Mordechai Ben-Porat, Moshe Dayan, Mathilda Guez, Yitzhak Navon, Shimon Peres, Yizhar Smilansky (replaced by Amos Degani), Mordechai Surkis, Tzvi Tzur (replaced by Aryeh Bahir)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Colin Shindler (2002). The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream. I.B.Tauris. p. 65. ISBN 9781860647741. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  2. ^ Efraim Karsh (2000). Israel: The First Hundred Years, Volume 3. Cass series--Israeli history, politics, and society. Psychology Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780714649610. ISSN 1368-4795. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixth Knesset". Knesset. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[edit]
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