Jump to content

Poitou: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 46°38′55″N 0°14′52″W / 46.6486°N 0.2478°W / 46.6486; -0.2478
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Historic province of west-central France}}
{{Short description|Historic province of west-central France}}
{{for|the breeds of animal from this region|Baudet de Poitou|Poitou goat}}
{{about|the region and former province of France|the breeds of animal from this region|Baudet de Poitou|and|Poitou goat|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
Line 118: Line 118:
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Poitou''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|p|w|ʌ|t|uː}}, {{IPAc-en|US|p|w|ɑː|ˈ|t|uː}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Poitou|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Poitou "Poitou"] (US) and {{Cite Oxford Dictionaries|Poitou|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Poitou|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|pwatu|lang}}; [[Poitevin dialect|Poitevin]]: ''Poetou'') was a [[Provinces of France|province]] of west-central France whose capital city was [[Poitiers]].
'''Poitou''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|p|w|ʌ|t|uː}} {{respell|PWUH|too}}, {{IPAc-en|US|p|w|ɑː|ˈ|t|uː}} {{respell|pwah|TOO}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Poitou|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190503160130/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Poitou "Poitou"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Poitou |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302000455/https://www.lexico.com/definition/poitou |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-02 |title=Poitou |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Poitou|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|pwatu|lang}}; {{Langx|la|Pictaviensis, Pictavia}}; [[Poitevin dialect|Poitevin]]: ''Poetou'') was a [[Provinces of France|province]] of west-central France whose capital city was [[Poitiers]]. Both Poitou and Poitiers are named after the [[Pictones]] Gallic tribe.


==Geography==
==Geography==


The main historical cities are Poitiers (historical capital city), Châtellerault (France's kings' establishment in Poitou), Niort, La Roche-sur-Yon, Thouars, and Parthenay.
The main historical cities are [[Poitiers]] (historical capital city), [[Châtellerault]] (France's kings' establishment in Poitou), [[Niort]], [[La Roche-sur-Yon]], [[Thouars]], and [[Parthenay]].


==History==
==History==


A [[marsh]]land called the [[Poitevin Marsh]] (French ''[[Marais Poitevin]]'') is located along the [[Gulf of Poitou]], on the west coast of France, just north of [[La Rochelle]] and west of [[Niort]].
Historically Poitou was ruled by the [[count of Poitou]], a continuous line of which can be traced back to an appointment of [[Charlemagne]] in 778. A [[marsh]]land called the [[Poitevin Marsh]] (French ''[[Marais Poitevin]]'') is located along the [[Gulf of Poitou]], on the west coast of France, just north of [[La Rochelle]] and west of [[Niort]].


At the conclusion of the [[Battle of Taillebourg]] in the [[Saintonge War]], which was decisively won by the French, King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental [[Angevin Empire|Plantagenet territory]] to France. This was ratified by the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris of 1259]], by which King Louis annexed [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], [[Maine (province)|Maine]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]], and Poitou).
At the conclusion of the [[Battle of Taillebourg]] in the [[Saintonge War]], which was decisively won by the French, King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental [[Angevin Empire|Plantagenet territory]] to France. This was ratified by the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris of 1259]], by which King Louis annexed [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], [[Maine (province)|Maine]], [[Duchy of Anjou|Anjou]], and Poitou).
Line 136: Line 136:
After the revocation of the [[Edict of Nantes]] in 1685, the French Roman [[Catholic Church]] conducted a strong [[Counter-Reformation]] effort. In 1793, this effort had contributed to the three-year-long open revolt against the French Revolutionary Government in the Bas-Poitou (Département of [[Vendée]]). Similarly, during [[Napoleon]]'s [[Hundred Days]] in 1815, the Vendée stayed loyal to the Restoration Monarchy of [[Louis XVIII of France|King Louis XVIII]]. Napoleon dispatched 10,000 troops under [[General Lamarque]] to pacify the region.
After the revocation of the [[Edict of Nantes]] in 1685, the French Roman [[Catholic Church]] conducted a strong [[Counter-Reformation]] effort. In 1793, this effort had contributed to the three-year-long open revolt against the French Revolutionary Government in the Bas-Poitou (Département of [[Vendée]]). Similarly, during [[Napoleon]]'s [[Hundred Days]] in 1815, the Vendée stayed loyal to the Restoration Monarchy of [[Louis XVIII of France|King Louis XVIII]]. Napoleon dispatched 10,000 troops under [[General Lamarque]] to pacify the region.


As noted by historian Andre Lampert,
As noted by historian Andre Lampert:
<blockquote>"The persistent Huguenots of 17th Century Poitou and the fiercely Catholic rebellious Royalists of what came be the Vendée of the late 18th Century had ideologies very different, indeed diametrically opposed to each other. The common thread connecting both phenomena is a continuing assertion of a local identity and opposition to the central government in [[Paris]], whatever its composition and identity. (...) In the region where [[Louis XIII]] and [[Louis XIV]] had encountered stiff resistance, the [[House of Bourbon]] gained loyal and militant supporters exactly when it had been overthrown and when a Bourbon loyalty came to imply a local loyalty in opposition to the new central government, that of [[Robespierre]]."<ref>Andre Lampert, "Centralism and Localism in European History" (cited as an example of "A Persistant [sic] Localism" in the Introduction)</ref></blockquote>{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<!-- appears to be incomplete -->
<blockquote>"The persistent Huguenots of 17th Century Poitou and the fiercely Catholic rebellious Royalists of what came be the Vendée of the late 18th Century had ideologies very different, indeed diametrically opposed to each other. The common thread connecting both phenomena is a continuing assertion of a local identity and opposition to the central government in [[Paris]], whatever its composition and identity. (...) In the region where [[Louis XIII]] and [[Louis XIV]] had encountered stiff resistance, the [[House of Bourbon]] gained loyal and militant supporters exactly when it had been overthrown and when a Bourbon loyalty came to imply a local loyalty in opposition to the new central government, that of [[Robespierre]]."<ref>Andre Lampert, "Centralism and Localism in European History" (cited as an example of "A Persistant [sic] Localism" in the Introduction)</ref></blockquote>{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<!-- appears to be incomplete -->


==Culture==
==In fiction==


⚫
* Large parts of the ''[[Angélique (novel series)|Angélique]]'' series of historical novels are set in 17th century Poitou.
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}


* In [[Alexandre Dumas]]'s ''[[The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later|The Man in the Iron Mask]]'', Aramis gives a romantic description of the marshes of Bas-Poitou as the most secluded place to lead a quiet life away from the perils of court.
==In fiction==


* The movie ''[[Kingdom of Heaven (film)|Kingdom of Heaven]]'' features [[Guy of Lusignan]], a knight from Poitou.
⚫
* Large parts of the "[[Angelique (French series)|Angelique]]" series of historical novels are set in 17th century Poitou.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Count of Poitiers]] for a list of the ''Comtes de Poitou''.
*[[Count of Poitiers]]
*[[Poitevin (language)]], the French regional language spoken in Poitou (Saintongeais is for [[Saintonge (region)|Saintonge]]).
*[[Poitevin (language)]], the French regional language spoken in Poitou (Saintongeais is for [[Saintonge (region)|Saintonge]])
*[[Big Ghoul]], folklore dragon.
*[[Big Ghoul]], folklore dragon.


Line 175: Line 175:
[[Category:Geography of Maine-et-Loire]]
[[Category:Geography of Maine-et-Loire]]
[[Category:Geography of Vendée]]
[[Category:Geography of Vendée]]
[[Category:Geography of Vienne]]
[[Category:Geography of Vienne (department)]]
[[Category:History of Pays de la Loire]]
[[Category:History of Pays de la Loire]]
[[Category:History of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
[[Category:History of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
Line 187: Line 187:
[[Category:History of Maine-et-Loire]]
[[Category:History of Maine-et-Loire]]
[[Category:History of Vendée]]
[[Category:History of Vendée]]
[[Category:History of Vienne]]
[[Category:History of Vienne (department)]]

Latest revision as of 07:43, 25 October 2024

This article is about the region and former province of France. For the breeds of animal from this region, see Baudet de Poitou and Poitou goat. For other uses, see Poitou (disambiguation).

Poitou
Poetou  (Poitevin)
Flag of Poitou
Flag
Coat of arms of Poitou
Coat of arms
CountryFrance
Area
 • Total
19,709 km2 (7,610 sq mi)
Population
 (2006 estimate)
Residents known as Poitevins[1]
 • Total
1,375,356
Time zoneCET
Count638–677, Guérin de Trèves
1403–1461, Charles VII of France

Poitou (UK: /ˈpwʌtuː/ PWUH-too, US: /pwɑːˈtuː/ pwah-TOO,[2][3][4] French: [pwatu]; Latin: Pictaviensis, Pictavia; Poitevin: Poetou) was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Both Poitou and Poitiers are named after the Pictones Gallic tribe.

Geography

[edit]

The main historical cities are Poitiers (historical capital city), Châtellerault (France's kings' establishment in Poitou), Niort, La Roche-sur-Yon, Thouars, and Parthenay.

History

[edit]

Historically Poitou was ruled by the count of Poitou, a continuous line of which can be traced back to an appointment of Charlemagne in 778. A marshland called the Poitevin Marsh (French Marais Poitevin) is located along the Gulf of Poitou, on the west coast of France, just north of La Rochelle and west of Niort.

At the conclusion of the Battle of Taillebourg in the Saintonge War, which was decisively won by the French, King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental Plantagenet territory to France. This was ratified by the Treaty of Paris of 1259, by which King Louis annexed Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou).

During the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, Poitou was a hotbed of Huguenot (French Calvinist Protestant) activity among the nobility and bourgeoisie. The Protestants were discriminated against and brutally attacked during the French Wars of Religion (1562–1598). Under the Edict of Nantes, such discrimination was temporarily suspended but this measure was repealed by the French Crown.

Some of the French colonists, later known as Acadians, who settled beginning in 1604 in eastern North America came from southern Poitou. They established settlements in what is now Nova Scotia, and later in New Brunswick—both of which were taken over in the later 18th century by the English, (after their 1763 victory in the Seven Years' War).

After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the French Roman Catholic Church conducted a strong Counter-Reformation effort. In 1793, this effort had contributed to the three-year-long open revolt against the French Revolutionary Government in the Bas-Poitou (Département of Vendée). Similarly, during Napoleon's Hundred Days in 1815, the Vendée stayed loyal to the Restoration Monarchy of King Louis XVIII. Napoleon dispatched 10,000 troops under General Lamarque to pacify the region.

As noted by historian Andre Lampert:

"The persistent Huguenots of 17th Century Poitou and the fiercely Catholic rebellious Royalists of what came be the Vendée of the late 18th Century had ideologies very different, indeed diametrically opposed to each other. The common thread connecting both phenomena is a continuing assertion of a local identity and opposition to the central government in Paris, whatever its composition and identity. (...) In the region where Louis XIII and Louis XIV had encountered stiff resistance, the House of Bourbon gained loyal and militant supporters exactly when it had been overthrown and when a Bourbon loyalty came to imply a local loyalty in opposition to the new central government, that of Robespierre."[5]

[citation needed]

In fiction

[edit]
  • Large parts of the Angélique series of historical novels are set in 17th century Poitou.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Lance Day, Ian McNeil, ed. (1996). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19399-0.
  2. ^ "Poitou". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Poitou" (US) and "Poitou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020.
  4. ^ "Poitou". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  5. ^ Andre Lampert, "Centralism and Localism in European History" (cited as an example of "A Persistant [sic] Localism" in the Introduction)
[edit]

46°38′55″N 0°14′52″W / 46.6486°N 0.2478°W / 46.6486; -0.2478

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Poitou&oldid=1253298846"