Royal Palace of Madrid: Difference between revisions

Royal Palace of Madrid
Royal Palace of Madrid
Palacio Real de Madrid (Spanish)
	Aerial view
General information
Architectural style	Baroque, Classicism
Town or city	Madrid
Country	Spain
Coordinates	40°25′05″N 03°42′51″W / 40.41806°N 3.71417°W
Construction started	7 April 1735
Client	King Philip V of Spain
Technical details
Floor area	135,000 m2 (1,450,000 sq ft)
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Filippo Juvarra (first of many)
Spanish Cultural Heritage
Official name	Palacio Real de Madrid
Type	Non-movable
Criteria	Monument
Designated	1931
Reference no.	RI-51-0001061

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The Royal Palace of Madrid (Spanish: Palacio Real de Madrid) is the official residence of the Spanish royal family at the city of Madrid, although now used only for state ceremonies. The palace has 135,000 m² (1,450,000 sq ft) of floor space and contains 3,418 rooms.^[1]^[2] It is the largest royal palace in Europe.^[3]

The palace is owned by the Spanish state and administered by the Patrimonio Nacional, a public agency of the Ministry of the Presidency.^[4] The palace is on Calle de Bailén ("Bailén Street") in the western part of downtown Madrid, east of the Manzanares River, and is accessible from the Ópera metro station. Felipe VI and the royal family do not reside in the palace, choosing instead the Palace of Zarzuela in El Pardo.

The palace is on the site of a bygone Muslim-era fortress constructed by Emir Muhammad I of Córdoba in the 9th century.^[5] The imposing Alcázar of Madrid provided both a safe for the royal treasure and a habitual residence to the Trastámara monarchs in the late Middle Ages.^[6] Having endured substantial expansion works during the 16th century, the royal alcázar remained on the site until it burned down on 24 December 1734. A new palace was then built from scratch on the same site on behalf of the Bourbon dynasty. Construction spanned the years 1738 to 1755^[7] and followed a Berniniesque design by Filippo Juvarra and Giovanni Battista Sacchetti in cooperation with Ventura Rodríguez, Francesco Sabatini, and Martín Sarmiento. During the Second Spanish Republic the building was known as "Palacio Nacional".

The interior of the palace is notable for its wealth of art and the use of many types of fine materials in the construction and the decoration of its rooms. It includes paintings by artists such as Caravaggio, Juan de Flandes, Francisco de Goya, and Diego Velázquez, and frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Corrado Giaquinto, and Anton Raphael Mengs. Many of the paintings at some time hung in the palace as part of the Spanish royal collection are exhibited elsewhere, especially in the Prado Museum and the Royal Collections Gallery, both in Madrid.

Other collections of great historical and artistic importance preserved in the building include the Royal Armoury of Madrid, porcelain, watches, furniture, silverware, and the world's only complete Stradivarius string quintet.

History of the building

The palace was initially built by Muhammad I, Umayyad Emir of Cordoba, between 860 and 880. After the Moors were driven out of Toledo in the 11th century, the castle retained its defensive function. Henry III of Castile added several towers. His son John II used it as a royal residence.^[5] During the War of the Castilian Succession (1476) the troops of Joanna la Beltraneja were besieged in the alcázar, during which the building suffered severe damage.

The only drawing of the castle from the Middle Ages is one from 1534 by Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen.^[5]

Emperor Charles V, with the architects Alonso de Covarrubias and Luis de Vega, extended and renovated the castle in 1537. Philip II made Madrid his capital in 1561 and continued the renovations, with new additions. Philip III and Philip IV added a long southern façade between 1610 and 1636.

Philip V of Bourbon renovated the royal apartments in 1700.^[8] The alcázar of the Habsburgs was austere in comparison to the Palace of Versailles where the new king had spent his childhood; and he began a series of redesigns mainly planned by Teodoro Ardemans and René Carlier, with the main rooms being redecorated by Queen Maria Luisa of Savoy and the Princess of Ursins in the style of French palaces.

The baroque palace

On Christmas Eve 1734, the alcázar was destroyed by a fire that originated in the rooms of the French painter Jean Ranc. Response to the fire was delayed due to the warning bells being confused with the call to mass. For fear of looting, the doors of the building remained closed, hampering rescue efforts. Many works of art were lost, such as the Expulsion of the Moors, by Diego Velázquez. Others, such as Las Meninas, were rescued by tossing them out the windows. Fortunately, many pieces were saved because shortly before the blaze the King ordered that much of his collection be moved to the Buen Retiro Palace. This fire lasted four days and completely destroyed the old alcázar, whose remaining walls were finally demolished in 1738.

Italian architect Filippo Juvarra oversaw work on the new palace and devised a lavish project inspired by Bernini's plans for the Louvre. Initially Juvarra wanted to build the palace in another location, however, the idea was discarded. His disciple Giambattista Sacchetti, also known as Juan Bautista Sacchetti or Giovanni Battista Sacchetti,^[10] was chosen to continue the work of his mentor. Sacchetti designed the structure to encompass a large square courtyard and resolved sightline problems by creating projecting wings.

In 1760, Charles III called upon Sicilian Francesco Sabatini,^[11] a Neoclassical architect, to enlarge the building. Sabatini's original idea was to frame the Plaza de la Armería with a series of galleries and arcades, to accommodate various dependencies^{[clarification needed]}, by constructing two wings along the square. Only the extension of the southeast tower known as la de San Gil was completed. Sabatini also planned to extend the north side with a large wing that echoed the style of the main building and included three square courtyards that would be smaller than the large central courtyard. Work on this expansion started quickly but was soon interrupted, leaving the foundations buried under a platform on which the royal stables were later built. The stables were demolished in the 20th century and replaced by the Sabatini Gardens. Charles III first occupied the palace in 1764.

In the 19th century, Ferdinand VII, who spent many years imprisoned in the Château de Valençay, began the most thorough renovation of the palace. The aim of this redesign was to turn the old-fashioned Italian-style building into a modern French-style palace. However, his grandson Alfonso XII proposed to turn the palace into a Victorian-style residence. Alfonso's plans were designed by the architect José Segundo de Lema and consisted of remodeling several rooms, replacing marble floors with parquet, and adding period furniture.

In the twentieth century, restoration work was needed to repair damage suffered during the Spanish Civil War, by repairing or reinstalling decoration and decorative trim and replacing damaged walls with faithful reproductions of the originals.

The palace is now open to the public, except during state functions, although it is so large that only a selection of rooms are on the visitor route at any one time, the route being changed every few months. An admission fee is charged; however, at some times it is free.^{[citation needed]}

Exterior

The main façade of the palace, the one facing the Plaza de la Armeria, consists of a two-story rusticated stone base, from which rise Ionic columns on Tuscan pilasters framing the windows of the three main floors. The upper story is hidden behind a cornice which encircles the building and is capped with a large balustrade. This was adorned with a series of statues of saints and kings, but these were relocated elsewhere under the reign of Charles III to give the building a more classical appearance.^[12]

The restoration of the façade in 1973, which includes Sabitini's balcony of four Doric columns, returned some of Sachetti's sculptures. These include statues of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II and the Inca emperor Atahualpa, works by Juan Pascual de Mena and Domingo Martínez, respectively. Representations of the Roman emperors Honorius, Theodosius I, and Arcadius by G.D. Olivieri, and Trajan by Felipe de Castro were placed in the Prince's courtyard. Flanking Sabatini's clock the Statues of Philip V, Ferdinand VI, Barbara of Braganza and Maria Luisa of Savoy interspersed with The Rising Sun Following the Zodiac. Above the clock is the royal coat of arms flanked by angels, and, above that, bells that date from 1637 and 1761.^[13]^[14]

Plaza de la Armería

The square as it exists now was laid-out in 1892, according to a plan by the architect Enrique María Repullés. However, the history of this square dates back to 1553, the year in which Philip II ordered a building to house the royal stables.

The Almudena Cathedral faces the palace across the plaza. Its exterior is neo-classical to match its surroundings while its interior is neo-gothic. Construction was funded by King Alfonso XII to house the remains of his wife Mercedes of Orléans.^[15] Construction of the church began in 1878 and concluded in 1992.

Narciso Pascual Colomer, the same architect who crafted the Plaza de Oriente, designed the layout of the plaza in 1879, but failed to materialize. The site now occupied by the Plaza de la Armería was used for many decades as anteplaza de armas. Sachetti tried to build a cathedral to finish the cornice of the Manzanares, and Sabatini proposed to unite this building with the royal palace, to form a single block. Both projects were ignored by Charles III.

Ángel Fernández de los Ríos in 1868 proposed the creation of a large wooded area that would travel all around the Plaza de Oriente, in order to give a better view of the Royal Palace. A decade later Segundo de Lema added a staircase to the original design of Fernández, which led to the idea of Francisco de Cubas to give more importance to the emerging church of Almudena.

Plaza de Oriente

The Plaza de Oriente is a rectangular park that connects the east façade of Palacio Real to the Teatro Real. The eastern side of plaza is curved and bordered by several cafes in the adjoining buildings. Although the plaza was part of Sacchetti's plan for the palace, construction did not begin until 1808 when King Joseph Bonaparte, who ordered the demolition of approximately 60 medieval structures, that included a church, monastery and royal library, located on the site. Joseph was deposed before construction was completed, it was finished by Queen Isabella II who tasked architect Narciso Pascual Colomer with creating the final design in 1844.^[16]^[17]

Pathways divide the Plaza into three main plots: the Central Gardens, the Cabo Noval Gardens and the Lepanto Gardens. The Central Gardens are arranged in a grid around the central monument to Philip IV, following the Baroque model garden. They consist of seven flowerbeds, each bordered with box hedges and holding small cypress, yew and magnolias and annual flowers. The north and south boundaries of the Central Gardens are marked by a row of statues, popularly known as the Gothic kings— sculptures representing five Visigoth rulers and fifteen rulers of the early Christian kingdoms in the Reconquista. They are carved from limestone, and are part of a series dedicated to all monarchs of Spain. These were ordered for the decoration of the Palacio Real and were executed between 1750 and 1753. Engineers felt the statues were too heavy for the palace balustrade, so they were left on ground level where their lack of fine detail is readily apparent. The remainder of the statues are in the Sabatini Gardens.^[18]^[19]

Isabel II laid out the grounds so that Pietro Tacca's equestrian statue of Philip IV was placed in the center, opposite the Prince's Gate.^[20]

Campo del Moro Gardens

These gardens are so named because the Muslim leader Ali ben Yusuf allegedly camped here with his troops in 1109 during an attempted reconquest of Madrid. The first improvements to the area occurred under King Philip IV, who built fountains and planted various types of vegetation, but its overall look remained largely neglected. During the construction of the palace various landscaping projects were put forth based on the gardens of the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso, but lack of funds hampered further improvement until the reign of Isabella II who began work in earnest. Following the taste of the times, the park was designed in the Romanticist style.

The Triton fountain from the Islet Garden of Aranjuez and the Fountain of the Shells from the Palace of Infante don Luis at Boadilla del Monte were aligned in the center of the right angled pathways by Isabel II, according to plans by Narciso Pascual Colomer. Under the regency of Maria Christina of Austria, the park was reformed according to Ramon Oliva's Romantic-style plans. Between the Fountain of Tritons and the palace is The Large Cavern or Grotto (Camellia House), built by Juan de Villanueva during the reign of Joseph Bonaparte. Sacchetti's 1757-1758 Little Cavern or Grotto (Potato Room) is in front of the Parade Ground.^[21]^[22]

Sabatini Gardens

The Sabatini Gardens adjoin the north side of the Palacio real and extend to the calle de Bailén and the cuesta de San Vicente. The garden follows the symmetrical French design and work began in 1933, under the Republican government. Although they were designed by Zaragozan architect Fernando García Mercadal, they were named for Francesco Sabatini who designed the royal stables that previously occupied this site. These gardens feature a large rectangular pond which is surrounded by four fountains and statues of Spanish kings which were originally intended to crown the Royal Palace. Geometrically sited between its rides, there are several fountains.^[23]

The Republican government constructed the gardens to return the area from control of the royal family to the people, the public was not allowed in the gardens until 1978 when they were opened by King Juan Carlos I.^[24]

Interior of the palace

Ground Floor

Grand Staircase

Built by Sabatini in 1789 when Charles IV wanted it moved to the opposite side of where Sabatini placed it in 1760, it is composed of a single piece of San Agustin marble. Two lions grace the landing, one by Felipe de Castro and another by Robert Michel. The frescoes on the ceiling is by Corrado Giaquinto and depicts Religion Protected by Spain.^[25] On the ground floor is a statue of Charles III in Roman toga, with a similar statue on the first floor depicting Charles IV. The four cartouches at the corners depict the elements of water, earth, air and fire.^[26]

Royal Library

The Royal Library was moved to the lower floor during the regency of Maria Christina. The bookshelves date from the period of Charles III, Isabella II and Alfonso XII.^[27]

Highlights of the collection include the Book of hours of Isabella I of Castile, a codex of the time of Alfonso XI of Castile, a Bible of Doña María de Molina and the Fiestas reales, dedicated to Ferdinand VI by Farinelli. Also important are the maps kept in the library, which analyze the extent of the kingdoms under the Spanish Empire. Also on display a selection of the best medals from the Royal Collection.

The bookcovers demonstrate evolution of binding styles by era. Examples in the holdings include Rococo in gold with iron lace, Neoclassical in polychrome and Romantic with Gothic and Renaissance motifs.

The Archives of the Royal Palace contains approximately twenty thousand articles ranging from the Disastrous decade (1823-1833) to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. In addition, it holds some scores of musicians of the Royal Chapel, privileges of various kings, the founding order of the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, the testament of Philip II and correspondence of most of the kings of the House of Bourbon.

Royal Pharmacy

During the reign of Philip II the Royal Pharmacy became an appendage of the royal household and ordered the supply of medicines, a role that continues today.

The collection includes jars made in La Granja de San Ildefonso, 19th century, and Talavera de la Reina pottery, 18th century.^[28]

Royal Armory

Along with the Imperial Armoury of Vienna, the armoury is considered one of the best in the world and consists of pieces as early as the 13th century. This collection of weapons and armor once worn by kings and their top soldiers.^[29] The building, designed by J.S. de Lema and E. Repulles, was opened in 1897^[30]

The collection highlights the tournament pieces made for Charles V and Philip II by the leading armourers of Milan and Augsburg. Among the most remarkable works are full armour and weapons that Emperor Charles V used in the Battle of Mühlberg, and which was portrayed by Titian in his famous equestrian portrait housed at the Museo del Prado. Unfortunately, parts of the collection were lost during the Peninsular War and during the Spanish Civil War.

Still, the armoury retains some of the most important pieces of this art in Europe and the world, including a shield and burgonet by Francesco and Filippo Negroli, one of the most famous designers in the armourers' guild.^[31]

First floor

King Charles III's Apartments

The Halberdier's Room, or Guard Room, was designed by Sabatini, and includes the fresco by Tiepolo, Venus and Vulcan. Two paintings by Luca Giordano depict scenes from the life of Solomon.^[32]^[33]

The Hall of Columns has a ceiling fresco by Giaquinto, representing The Sun before Which All the Forces of Nature Awaken and Rejoice, an allegory of the king as Apollo. An 1878 bronze statue of Charles V Vanquishing Fury is by Ferdinand Barbedienne. The bronze chandeliers were made in Paris in 1846, and installed by Isabella II for her balls.^[34]^[35]

The Throne Room dates from Charles III in 1772, and features Tiepolo's ceiling fresco, The Apotheosis of the Spanish Monarchy. Bronze sculptures include the Four Cardinal Virtues, four of the Seven Planets, Satyr, Germanicus, and four Medici lions flanking the dual throne.^[36]^[37]

Charles III's Anteroom (Saleta) contains a 1774 ceiling fresco Apotheosis of Trajan by A.R. Mengs. The Antechamber of Charles III (The Conversation Room) also contains a ceiling fresco by Anton Raphael Mengs, The Apotheosis of Hercules. This room has four royal family portraits by Goya.^[38]^[39]

The Queen's apartments and banqueting hall

Formerly the queen's apartments under Charles III, the three rooms were converted into a banquet hall by Alfonso XII in 1879, and completed in 1885. The three ceiling frescoes remained though, Dawn in Her Chariot by Anton Raphael Mengs, Christopher Columbus Offering the New World to the Catholic Monarchs by Alejandro González Velázquez, and Boabdil Giving the Keys to Granada to the Catholic Monarchs by Francisco Bayeu y Subías.^[40]^[41]

Apartments of Infante Luis

These rooms were formerly occupied by Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón before his exile. The Stradivarius Room now contains a viola, two violoncello, and two violins by Stradivari. The ceiling fresco by A. G. Velazquez, depicts Gentleness accompanied by the Four Cardinal Virtues.^[42]

The Chamber of the Infante Luis, Musical Instruments Room, has a ceiling fresco by Francisco Bayeu depicting Providence Presiding over the Virtues and Faculties of Man.^[43]

Royal Chapel

Designed in 1748 by Sacchetti and Ventura Rodríguez, the chapel features ceiling frescoes by Giaquinto, including The Trinity, Allegory of Religion, Glory and the Holy Trinity Crowning the Virgin. Above the High Altar is Ramon Bayeu's St. Michael. The reliquary altar has Ercole Ferrata's 1659 silver relief Pope Leo I Stopping Attila at the Gates of Rome.^[44]^[45]

The Crown Room

Formerly the apartment of Alfonso XIII's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, the room contains Charles III's throne, scepter and crown. Tapestries from Jacopo Amigoni's Four Seasons adorn the walls. Also of note are the abdication speech of Juan Carlos I and the proclamation speech of Felipe VI.^[46]

Gallery

The Gasparini Room, Royal Palace, Madrid, Spain, photo of 1927
The Porcelain Room, Royal Palace, Madrid, photo of 1927
Salon of Charles III, Royal Palace, Madrid, photo of 1927
Spanish Royal Crown and Scepter

Recent events

The wedding banquet of Prince Felipe and Letizia Ortiz took place on 22 May 2004 in the central courtyard of the palace.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "Palacio Real". Cyberspain.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ "What is the biggest palace in Europe?". Ask Yahoo!. Yahoo! Inc. 28 April 2004. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^ Petr H. (2017). "25 Largest Palaces In The World". List 25. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Viso 2014, p. 7.
^ Rábade Obradó, María del Pilar (2009). "Escenario para una Corte real: Madrid en tiempos de Enrique IV". E-Spania (8). doi:10.4000/e-spania.18883. ISSN 1951-6169.
^ "Palacio Real de Madrid". Patrimonio Nacional (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
^ Viso 2014, p. 7-8.
^ Brambalia, Fernando. "Vista de parte del Real Palacio tomada de la cuesta de la Vega" [View of part of the Royal Palace taken from la Cuesta de la Vega]. Spain Ministry of Economy and Public Administrations (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
^ Autonomous University of Madrid (6 May 2003). "Calle del Arenal 13". Madrid Histórico (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ Viso 2014, p. 9.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 18.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 18-20.
^ Viso 2014, p. 14-15.
^ "Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena". GoMadrid.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ "Plaza de Oriente". GoMadrid.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ "Plaza de Oriente, Madrid". Madrid-Tourist.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ Álvarez Rodríguez, Miguel (2003). Memoria monumental de Madrid: guía de estatuas y bustos. La Liberia. ISBN 84-95889-61-7.
^ Salvador Prieto, María del Socorro (1990). Escultura monumental en Madrid: calles, plazas y jardines públicos (1875–1936). Alpuerto. ISBN 84-381-0147-X.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 82.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 82-83.
^ Viso 2014, p. 60-63.
^ Slavito (5 February 2008). "Sabatini Gardens: Chilling With the Kings". Sitebits.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ "Jardines de Sabatini". Madrid-Tourist.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 24.
^ Viso 2014, p. 30.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 77.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 78.
^ "Royal Palace of Madrid". Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^ Viso 2014, p. 54.
^ Viso 2014, p. 56-57.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 26-28.
^ Viso 2014, p. 32-33.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 28-31.
^ Viso 2014, p. 34-35.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 34-40.
^ Viso 2014, p. 50-53.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 40-47.
^ Viso 2014, p. 36-37.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 56-59.
^ Viso 2014, p. 44-45.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 62-63.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 62-64.
^ Sancho 2014, p. 67-70.
^ Viso 2014, p. 46-47.
^ Viso 2014, p. 48-49.

Bibliography

Sancho, J.L. (2014). Guide Palacio Real de Madrid. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional. ISBN 9788471202949.
Viso, E.E. (2014). The Royal Palace Madrid. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional. ISBN 9782758005896.

External links

Official website

[rooms-1] "Palacio Real". Cyberspain.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[biggestpalace-2] "What is the biggest palace in Europe?". Ask Yahoo!. Yahoo! Inc. 28 April 2004. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.

[3] Petr H. (2017). "25 Largest Palaces In The World". List 25. p. 4. Retrieved 23 June 2019.

[FOOTNOTESancho20147-4] Sancho 2014, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTEViso20147-5] Viso 2014, p. 7.

[6] Rábade Obradó, María del Pilar (2009). "Escenario para una Corte real: Madrid en tiempos de Enrique IV". E-Spania (8). doi:10.4000/e-spania.18883. ISSN 1951-6169.

[patromonio-7] "Palacio Real de Madrid". Patrimonio Nacional (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2019.

[FOOTNOTEViso20147-8-8] Viso 2014, p. 7-8.

[9] Brambalia, Fernando. "Vista de parte del Real Palacio tomada de la cuesta de la Vega" [View of part of the Royal Palace taken from la Cuesta de la Vega]. Spain Ministry of Economy and Public Administrations (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2012.

[10] Autonomous University of Madrid (6 May 2003). "Calle del Arenal 13". Madrid Histórico (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[FOOTNOTEViso20149-11] Viso 2014, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTESancho201418-12] Sancho 2014, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTESancho201418-20-13] Sancho 2014, p. 18-20.

[FOOTNOTEViso201414-15-14] Viso 2014, p. 14-15.

[gomadrid-15] "Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena". GoMadrid.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[goplaza-16] "Plaza de Oriente". GoMadrid.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[tourist-17] "Plaza de Oriente, Madrid". Madrid-Tourist.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[alvarez-18] Álvarez Rodríguez, Miguel (2003). Memoria monumental de Madrid: guía de estatuas y bustos. La Liberia. ISBN 84-95889-61-7.

[prieto-19] Salvador Prieto, María del Socorro (1990). Escultura monumental en Madrid: calles, plazas y jardines públicos (1875–1936). Alpuerto. ISBN 84-381-0147-X.

[FOOTNOTESancho201482-20] Sancho 2014, p. 82.

[FOOTNOTESancho201482-83-21] Sancho 2014, p. 82-83.

[FOOTNOTEViso201460-63-22] Viso 2014, p. 60-63.

[sidebits-23] Slavito (5 February 2008). "Sabatini Gardens: Chilling With the Kings". Sitebits.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[sabatini-24] "Jardines de Sabatini". Madrid-Tourist.com. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[FOOTNOTESancho201424-25] Sancho 2014, p. 24.

[FOOTNOTEViso201430-26] Viso 2014, p. 30.

[FOOTNOTESancho201477-27] Sancho 2014, p. 77.

[FOOTNOTESancho201478-28] Sancho 2014, p. 78.

[29] "Royal Palace of Madrid". Retrieved 21 September 2023.

[FOOTNOTEViso201454-30] Viso 2014, p. 54.

[FOOTNOTEViso201456-57-31] Viso 2014, p. 56-57.

[FOOTNOTESancho201426-28-32] Sancho 2014, p. 26-28.

[FOOTNOTEViso201432-33-33] Viso 2014, p. 32-33.

[FOOTNOTESancho201428-31-34] Sancho 2014, p. 28-31.

[FOOTNOTEViso201434-35-35] Viso 2014, p. 34-35.

[FOOTNOTESancho201434-40-36] Sancho 2014, p. 34-40.

[FOOTNOTEViso201450-53-37] Viso 2014, p. 50-53.

[FOOTNOTESancho201440-47-38] Sancho 2014, p. 40-47.

[FOOTNOTEViso201436-37-39] Viso 2014, p. 36-37.

[FOOTNOTESancho201456-59-40] Sancho 2014, p. 56-59.

[FOOTNOTEViso201444-45-41] Viso 2014, p. 44-45.

[FOOTNOTESancho201462-63-42] Sancho 2014, p. 62-63.

[FOOTNOTESancho201462-64-43] Sancho 2014, p. 62-64.

[FOOTNOTESancho201467-70-44] Sancho 2014, p. 67-70.

[FOOTNOTEViso201446-47-45] Viso 2014, p. 46-47.

[FOOTNOTEViso201448-49-46] Viso 2014, p. 48-49.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Official residence of the Spanish royal family}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
 {{Infobox building
 | name = Royal Palace of Madrid
-| native_name = Palacio Real de Madrid
+| native_name = {{native name|es|Palacio Real de Madrid}}
+| image = Palacio Real de Madrid Julio 2016 (cropped).jpg
-| native_name_lang = es
+| image_size =
-| image =Madrid Palacio Real De Madrid Entree Sud - panoramio.jpg
-| image_size = 260
+| caption = Aerial view
-| caption = Royal Palace of Madrid, south façade
 | style = [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], [[Classicism]]
 | location_town = [[Madrid]]
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | architect = [[Filippo Juvarra]] <small>(first of many)</small>
 | client = [[Philip V of Spain|King Philip V of Spain]]
-| construction_start_date = April 7, 1735
+| construction_start_date = 7 April 1735
 | completion_date =
 | floor_area = {{cvt|135,000|m2}}
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 }}
-The '''Royal Palace of Madrid''' ({{lang-es|Palacio Real de Madrid}}) is the official residence of the [[Spanish royal family]] at the city of [[Madrid]], although now used only for state ceremonies.
+The '''Royal Palace of Madrid''' ({{langx|es|Palacio Real de Madrid}}) is the official residence of the [[Spanish royal family]] at the city of [[Madrid]], although now used only for state ceremonies.
 The palace has {{cvt|135000|m2}} of floor space and contains 3,418 rooms.<ref name="rooms">{{cite web |title=Palacio Real |url=http://www.cyberspain.com/passion/palacio.htm |access-date=30 November 2012 |work=Cyberspain.com}}</ref><ref name="biggestpalace">{{cite web |url=http://ask.yahoo.com/20040428.html |title=What is the biggest palace in Europe? |access-date=29 July 2011 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Inc. (1995–2017)|Yahoo! Inc.]] |date=28 April 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608223657/http://ask.yahoo.com/20040428.html |archive-date=8 June 2011 |work=[[Ask Yahoo!]]}}</ref> It is the largest royal palace in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://list25.com/25-largest-palaces-in-the-world/4/ |title=25 Largest Palaces In The World |author=Petr H. |year=2017 |access-date=23 June 2019 |work=List 25 |page=4}}</ref>
-The palace is now open to the public, except during state functions, although it is so large that only a selection of rooms are on the visitor route at any one time, the route being changed every few months. An admission fee of €13 is charged; however, at some times it is free. The palace is owned by the Spanish state and administered by the [[Patrimonio Nacional]], a public agency of the [[Ministry of the Presidency]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=7}} The palace is on Calle de Bailén ("Bailén Street") in the western part of downtown Madrid, east of the [[Manzanares River]], and is accessible from the [[Ópera (Madrid Metro)|Ópera metro station]]. [[Felipe VI]] and the royal family do not reside in the palace, choosing instead the [[Palace of Zarzuela]] in [[El Pardo]].
+The palace is owned by the Spanish state and administered by the [[Patrimonio Nacional]], a public agency of the [[Ministry of the Presidency]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=7}} The palace is on Calle de Bailén ("Bailén Street") in the western part of downtown Madrid, east of the [[Manzanares River]], and is accessible from the [[Ópera (Madrid Metro)|Ópera metro station]]. [[Felipe VI]] and the royal family do not reside in the palace, choosing instead the [[Palace of Zarzuela]] in [[El Pardo]].
 [[File:Royal Palace of Madrid viewed from a distance.jpg|thumb|View of the palace complex from the east]]
-The palace is on the site of a bygone Muslim-era fortress constructed by Emir [[Muhammad I of Córdoba]] in the 9th century.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}} The imposing [[Royal Alcázar of Madrid|Alcázar of Madrid]] provided both a safe for the royal treasure and a habitual residence to the [[House of Trastámara|Trastámara]] monarchs in the late Middle Ages.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/e-spania/18883#tocto1n2|title=Escenario para una Corte real: Madrid en tiempos de Enrique IV|last=Rábade Obradó|first=María del Pilar|year=2009|issue=8 |journal=E-Spania| issn=1951-6169|doi=10.4000/e-spania.18883|doi-access=free}}</ref> Having endured substantial expansion works during the 16th century, the royal ''alcázar'' remained on the site until it burned down on December 24, 1734.  A new palace was then built from scratch on the same site on behalf of the Bourbon dynasty. Construction spanned the years 1738 to 1755<ref name="patromonio">{{cite web |url=http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx |title=Palacio Real de Madrid |work=[[Patrimonio Nacional]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112062553/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=23 June 2019 |language=es}}</ref> and followed a [[Bernini]]esque design by [[Filippo Juvarra]] and Giovanni Battista Sacchetti in cooperation with [[Ventura Rodríguez]], [[Francesco Sabatini]], and [[Martín Sarmiento]]. During the [[Second Spanish Republic]] the building was known as "Palacio Nacional".
+The palace is on the site of a bygone Muslim-era fortress constructed by Emir [[Muhammad I of Córdoba]] in the 9th century.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}} The imposing [[Royal Alcázar of Madrid|Alcázar of Madrid]] provided both a safe for the royal treasure and a habitual residence to the [[House of Trastámara|Trastámara]] monarchs in the late Middle Ages.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/e-spania/18883#tocto1n2|title=Escenario para una Corte real: Madrid en tiempos de Enrique IV|last=Rábade Obradó|first=María del Pilar|year=2009|issue=8 |journal=E-Spania| issn=1951-6169|doi=10.4000/e-spania.18883|doi-access=free}}</ref> Having endured substantial expansion works during the 16th century, the royal ''alcázar'' remained on the site until it burned down on 24 December 1734.  A new palace was then built from scratch on the same site on behalf of the [[House of Bourbon-Anjou|Bourbon dynasty]]. Construction spanned the years 1738 to 1755<ref name="patromonio">{{cite web |url=http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx |title=Palacio Real de Madrid |work=[[Patrimonio Nacional]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112062553/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=23 June 2019 |language=es}}</ref> and followed a [[Bernini]]esque design by [[Filippo Juvarra]] and Giovanni Battista Sacchetti in cooperation with [[Ventura Rodríguez]], [[Francesco Sabatini]], and [[Martín Sarmiento]]. During the [[Second Spanish Republic]] the building was known as "Palacio Nacional".
-The interior of the palace is notable for its wealth of art and the use of many types of fine materials in the construction and the decoration of its rooms. It includes paintings by artists such as [[Caravaggio]], [[Juan de Flandes]], [[Francisco de Goya]], and [[Diego Velázquez|Velázquez]], and frescoes by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], [[Corrado Giaquinto]], and [[Anton Raphael Mengs]]. Other collections of great historical and artistic importance preserved in the building include the [[Royal Armoury of Madrid]], porcelain, watches, furniture, silverware, and the world's only complete [[Stradivarius]] string quintet.
+The interior of the palace is notable for its wealth of art and the use of many types of fine materials in the construction and the decoration of its rooms. It includes paintings by artists such as [[Caravaggio]], [[Juan de Flandes]], [[Francisco de Goya]], and [[Diego Velázquez]], and frescoes by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo]], [[Corrado Giaquinto]], and [[Anton Raphael Mengs]]. Many of the paintings at some time hung in the palace as part of the [[Spanish royal collection]] are exhibited elsewhere, especially in the [[Prado Museum]] and the [[Royal Collections Gallery]], both in Madrid.
+Other collections of great historical and artistic importance preserved in the building include the [[Royal Armoury of Madrid]], porcelain, watches, furniture, silverware, and the world's only complete [[Stradivarius]] string quintet.
 ==History of the building==
@@ Line 39: / Line 41: @@
 [[File:Alcazar de Madrid siglo XVII.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Former [[Royal Alcázar of Madrid]].]]
-The palace was initially built by Muhammad I, [[Umayyad]] [[Emirate of Cordoba|Emir]] of [[Caliphate of Cordoba|Cordoba]], between 860 and 880. After the Moors were driven out of Toledo in the 11th century, the castle retained its defensive function. [[Henry III of Castile]] added several towers. His son [[John II of Castile|John II]] used it as a royal residence.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}} During the [[War of the Castilian Succession]] (1476) the troops of [[Joanna la Beltraneja]] were besieged in the Alcázar, during which the building suffered severe damage.
+The palace was initially built by Muhammad I, [[Umayyad]] [[Emir]] of [[Umayyad state of Córdoba|Cordoba]], between 860 and 880. After the Moors were driven out of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] in the 11th century, the castle retained its defensive function. [[Henry III of Castile]] added several towers. His son [[John II of Castile|John II]] used it as a royal residence.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}} During the [[War of the Castilian Succession]] (1476) the troops of [[Joanna la Beltraneja]] were besieged in the alcázar, during which the building suffered severe damage.
-The only drawing of the castle from the [[Middle Ages]] is one from 1534 by Cornelius Vermeyen.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}}
+The only drawing of the castle from the [[Middle Ages]] is one from 1534 by [[Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen]].{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7}}
-Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], with the architects [[Alonso de Covarrubias]] and [[Luis de Vega]], extended and renovated the castle in 1537. [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] made Madrid his capital in 1561 and continued the renovations, with new additions. [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] and Philip IV added a long southern façade between 1610 and 1636.
+Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], with the architects [[Alonso de Covarrubias]] and [[Luis de Vega]], extended and renovated the castle in 1537. [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] made Madrid his capital in 1561 and continued the renovations, with new additions. [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] and [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] added a long southern façade between 1610 and 1636.
-[[Philip V of Spain|Philip V of Bourbon]] renovated the royal apartments in 1700.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7-8}} The Alcázar of the Habsburgs was austere in comparison to the [[Palace of Versailles]] where the new king had spent his childhood; and he began a series of redesigns mainly planned by [[Teodoro Ardemans]] and René Carlier, with the main rooms being redecorated by Queen [[Maria Luisa of Savoy]] and the [[Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins|Princess of Ursins]] in the style of French palaces.
+[[Philip V of Spain|Philip V of Bourbon]] renovated the royal apartments in 1700.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=7-8}} The alcázar of the Habsburgs was austere in comparison to the [[Palace of Versailles]] where the new king had spent his childhood; and he began a series of redesigns mainly planned by [[Teodoro Ardemans]] and René Carlier, with the main rooms being redecorated by Queen [[Maria Luisa of Savoy]] and the [[Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins|Princess of Ursins]] in the style of French palaces.
 ===The baroque palace===
-[[File:Vista de parte del Real Palacio desde la Cuesta de la Vega.jpg|left|thumb|View of part of the Royal Palace from Cuesta de la Vega, by [[Fernando Brambila]] (c. 1790–1832). Preserved in the collection of the [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]].<ref>{{cite web |work=Spain Ministry of Economy and Public Administrations |url=http://serviciosweb.meh.es/apps/museo/Pintura5/Brambila1.htm |trans-title=View of part of the Royal Palace taken from la Cuesta de la Vega |first=Fernando |last=Brambalia |access-date=28 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406114744/http://serviciosweb.meh.es/apps/museo/Pintura5/Brambila1.htm |archive-date=6 April 2010 |title=Vista de parte del Real Palacio tomada de la cuesta de la Vega |language=es}}</ref>]]
+[[File:Vista de parte del Real Palacio desde la Cuesta de la Vega.jpg|left|thumb|View of part of the Royal Palace from Cuesta de la Vega, by [[Fernando Brambila]] ({{circa|1790}}–1832). Preserved in the collection of the [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]].<ref>{{cite web |work=Spain Ministry of Economy and Public Administrations |url=http://serviciosweb.meh.es/apps/museo/Pintura5/Brambila1.htm |trans-title=View of part of the Royal Palace taken from la Cuesta de la Vega |first=Fernando |last=Brambalia |access-date=28 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406114744/http://serviciosweb.meh.es/apps/museo/Pintura5/Brambila1.htm |archive-date=6 April 2010 |title=Vista de parte del Real Palacio tomada de la cuesta de la Vega |language=es}}</ref>]]
-On Christmas Eve 1734, the Alcázar was destroyed by a fire that originated in the rooms of the French painter [[Jean Ranc]]. Response to the fire was delayed due to the warning bells being confused with the call to mass. For fear of looting, the doors of the building remained closed, hampering rescue efforts. Many works of art were lost, such as the ''Expulsion of the Moors'', by [[Diego Velázquez]]. Others, such as {{Lang|es|[[Las Meninas]]}}, were rescued by tossing them out the windows. Fortunately, many pieces were saved because shortly before the blaze the king ordered that much of his collection be moved to the [[Buen Retiro Palace]]. This fire lasted four days and completely destroyed the old Alcázar, whose remaining walls were finally demolished in 1738.
+On Christmas Eve 1734, the alcázar was destroyed by a fire that originated in the rooms of the French painter [[Jean Ranc]]. Response to the fire was delayed due to the warning bells being confused with the call to mass. For fear of looting, the doors of the building remained closed, hampering rescue efforts. Many works of art were lost, such as the ''Expulsion of the Moors'', by [[Diego Velázquez]]. Others, such as {{Lang|es|[[Las Meninas]]}}, were rescued by tossing them out the windows. Fortunately, many pieces were saved because shortly before the blaze the King ordered that much of his collection be moved to the [[Buen Retiro Palace]]. This fire lasted four days and completely destroyed the old alcázar, whose remaining walls were finally demolished in 1738.
-[[File:Royal Palace of Madrid by Filippo Juvarra.jpg|thumb|Ambitious [[Project of Filippo Juvarra for the Royal Palace of Madrid]], not made]]
+[[File:Royal Palace of Madrid by Filippo Juvarra.jpg|thumb|First project of Filippo Juvarra for the Royal Palace of Madrid]]
-Italian architect [[Filippo Juvarra]] oversaw work on the new palace and devised a lavish project of enormous proportions inspired by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini's]] plans for the [[Palais du Louvre|Louvre]]. This plan was not realized, due to Juvarra's untimely death in March 1736.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=8}} His disciple Giambattista Sacchetti, also known as Juan Bautista Sacchetti or [[Giovanni Battista Sacchetti]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Calle del Arenal 13 |url=http://www.madridhistorico.com/seccion7_enciclopedia/index_enciclopedia.php?id=S&idinformacion=647&pag=1#inicio2 |encyclopedia=Madrid Histórico |author=Autonomous University of Madrid |author-link=Autonomous University of Madrid |date=6 May 2003 |access-date=30 November 2012 |language=es}}</ref> was chosen to continue the work of his mentor. Sacchetti designed the structure to encompass a large square courtyard and resolved sightline problems by creating projecting wings.
+Italian architect [[Filippo Juvarra]] oversaw work on the new palace and devised a lavish project inspired by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini's]] plans for the [[Palais du Louvre|Louvre]]. Initially Juvarra wanted to build the palace in another location, however, the idea was discarded. His disciple Giambattista Sacchetti, also known as Juan Bautista Sacchetti or [[Giovanni Battista Sacchetti]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Calle del Arenal 13 |url=http://www.madridhistorico.com/seccion7_enciclopedia/index_enciclopedia.php?id=S&idinformacion=647&pag=1#inicio2 |encyclopedia=Madrid Histórico |author=Autonomous University of Madrid |author-link=Autonomous University of Madrid |date=6 May 2003 |access-date=30 November 2012 |language=es}}</ref> was chosen to continue the work of his mentor. Sacchetti designed the structure to encompass a large square courtyard and resolved sightline problems by creating projecting wings.
 In 1760, [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]] called upon Sicilian [[Francesco Sabatini]],{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=9}} a [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] architect, to enlarge the building. Sabatini's original idea was to frame the Plaza de la Armería with a series of galleries and arcades, to accommodate various dependencies{{clarify|date=May 2019|what "dependencies" exactly?}}, by constructing two wings along the square. Only the extension of the southeast tower known as ''la de San Gil'' was completed. Sabatini also planned to extend the north side with a large wing that echoed the style of the main building and included three square courtyards that would be smaller than the large central courtyard. Work on this expansion started quickly but was soon interrupted, leaving the foundations buried under a platform on which the royal stables were later built. The stables were demolished in the 20th century and replaced by the [[Sabatini Gardens]]. Charles III first occupied the palace in 1764.
-In the 19th century, [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]], who spent many years imprisoned in the [[Château de Valençay]], began the most thorough renovation of the palace. The aim of this redesign was to turn the old-fashioned Italian-style building into a modern French-style palace. However, his grandson [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]] proposed to turn the palace into a [[Victorian era|Victorian-style]] residence. Alfonso's plans were designed by the architect José Segundo de Lema and consisted of remodeling several rooms, replacing marble floors with parquet, and adding period furniture.
+In the 19th century, [[Ferdinand VII]], who spent many years imprisoned in the [[Château de Valençay]], began the most thorough renovation of the palace. The aim of this redesign was to turn the old-fashioned Italian-style building into a modern French-style palace. However, his grandson [[Alfonso XII]] proposed to turn the palace into a [[Victorian era|Victorian-style]] residence. Alfonso's plans were designed by the architect José Segundo de Lema and consisted of remodeling several rooms, replacing marble floors with parquet, and adding period furniture.
 In the twentieth century, restoration work was needed to repair damage suffered during the [[Spanish Civil War]], by repairing or reinstalling decoration and decorative trim and replacing damaged walls with faithful reproductions of the originals.
+The palace is now open to the public, except during state functions, although it is so large that only a selection of rooms are on the visitor route at any one time, the route being changed every few months. An admission fee is charged; however, at some times it is free.{{citationneeded|date=December 2023}}
 ==Exterior==
-[[File:Palacio Real, Madrid, España, 2014-12-27, DD 12.JPG|thumbnail|left|One of the entrances to the palace.]]
 [[File:Royal Palace of Madrid 01.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Detail of the façade over the Prince's Gate. [[Reccared I]] and [[Liuva II]], [[List of Kings of the Visigoths|Visigoth kings]], flanking the [[Coat of arms of Spain#House of Bourbon|arms of Spain]].]]
 The main façade of the palace, the one facing the Plaza de la Armeria, consists of a two-story rusticated stone base, from which rise [[Ionic columns]] on [[Tuscan order|Tuscan]] pilasters framing the windows of the three main floors. The upper story is hidden behind a cornice which encircles the building and is capped with a large [[Baluster|balustrade]].  This was adorned with a series of statues of saints and kings, but these were relocated elsewhere under the reign of Charles III to give the building a more classical appearance.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=18}}
-The restoration of the façade in 1973, which includes Sabitini's balcony of four [[Doric columns]], returned some of Sachetti's sculptures.  These include statues of the Aztec ruler [[Moctezuma II]] and the Inca emperor [[Atahualpa]], works by [[Juan Pascual de Mena]] and Domingo Martínez, respectively.  Representations of the Roman emperors [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]], [[Theodosius I]], and [[Arcadius]] by G.D. Olivieri, and [[Trajan]] by [[Felipe de Castro]] were placed in the Prince's courtyard.  Flanking Sabatini's clock the Statues of Philip V, [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]], [[Barbara of Braganza]] and [[Maria Luisa of Savoy]] interspersed with ''The Rising Sun Following the Zodiac''. Above the clock is the royal coat of arms flanked by angels, and, above that, bells that date from 1637 and 1761.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=18-20}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=14-15}}
+The restoration of the façade in 1973, which includes Sabitini's balcony of four [[Doric columns]], returned some of Sachetti's sculptures.  These include statues of the Aztec ruler [[Moctezuma II]] and the Inca emperor [[Atahualpa]], works by [[Juan Pascual de Mena]] and Domingo Martínez, respectively.  Representations of the Roman emperors [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]], [[Theodosius I]], and [[Arcadius]] by G.D. Olivieri, and [[Trajan]] by [[Felipe de Castro]] were placed in the Prince's courtyard.  Flanking Sabatini's clock the Statues of Philip V, [[Ferdinand VI]], [[Barbara of Braganza]] and [[Maria Luisa of Savoy]] interspersed with ''The Rising Sun Following the Zodiac''. Above the clock is the royal coat of arms flanked by angels, and, above that, bells that date from 1637 and 1761.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=18-20}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=14-15}}
 ===Plaza de la Armería===
-[[File:Madrid May 2014-34a.jpg|thumb|250px|right|View from the Plaza de la Armeria]]
+[[File:Royal Palace of Madrid Panorama.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Panorama as seen from the cathedral's balcony.]]
-The square as it exists now was laid-out in 1892, according to a plan by the architect Enrique María Repullés.  However, the history of this square dates back to 1553, the year in which Philip II ordered a building to house the royal stables.
+The square as it exists now was laid-out in 1892, according to a plan by the architect [[Enrique María Repullés]].  However, the history of this square dates back to 1553, the year in which Philip II ordered a building to house the royal stables.
-The [[Almudena Cathedral]] faces the palace across the plaza. Its exterior is neo-classical to match its surroundings while its interior is neo-gothic. Construction was funded by King Alfonso XII to house the remains of his wife [[Mercedes of Orléans]].<ref name="gomadrid">{{cite web |title=Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena |url=http://www.gomadrid.com/sights/catedral-almudena.html |publisher=GoMadrid.com| access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref> Construction of the church began in 1878 and concluded in 1992.
+The [[Almudena Cathedral]] faces the palace across the plaza. Its exterior is neo-classical to match its surroundings while its interior is neo-gothic. Construction was funded by King Alfonso XII to house the remains of his wife [[Mercedes of Orléans]].<ref name="gomadrid">{{cite web |title=Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena |url=http://www.gomadrid.com/sights/catedral-almudena.html |publisher=GoMadrid.com| access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> Construction of the church began in 1878 and concluded in 1992.
-Narciso Pascual Colomer, the same architect who crafted the [[Plaza de Oriente]], designed the layout of the plaza in 1879, but failed to materialize.  The site now occupied by the Plaza de la Armería was used for many decades as anteplaza de armas. Sachetti tried to build a cathedral to finish the cornice of the [[Manzanares (river)|Manzanares]], and Sabatini proposed to unite this building with the royal palace, to form a single block. Both projects were ignored by Charles III.
+[[Narciso Pascual Colomer]], the same architect who crafted the [[Plaza de Oriente]], designed the layout of the plaza in 1879, but failed to materialize.  The site now occupied by the Plaza de la Armería was used for many decades as anteplaza de armas. Sachetti tried to build a cathedral to finish the cornice of the [[Manzanares (river)|Manzanares]], and Sabatini proposed to unite this building with the royal palace, to form a single block. Both projects were ignored by Charles III.
 [[Ángel Fernández de los Ríos]] in 1868 proposed the creation of a large wooded area that would travel all around the Plaza de Oriente, in order to give a better view of the Royal Palace. A decade later Segundo de Lema added a staircase to the original design of Fernández, which led to the idea of Francisco de Cubas to give more importance to the emerging church of Almudena.
 ===Plaza de Oriente===
-The Plaza de Oriente is a rectangular park that connects the east façade of Palacio Real to the [[Teatro Real]].  The eastern side of plaza is curved and bordered by several cafes in the adjoining buildings.  Although the plaza was part of Sacchetti's plan for the palace, construction did not begin until 1808 when King [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who ordered the demolition of approximately 60 medieval structures, that included a church, monastery and royal library, located on the site.  Joseph was deposed before construction was completed, it was finished by Queen [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] who tasked architect [[Narciso Pascual Colomer]] with creating the final design in 1844.<ref name="goplaza">{{cite web |title=Plaza de Oriente |url=http://www.gomadrid.com/sights/plaza-de-oriente.html |publisher=GoMadrid.com| access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref><ref name="tourist">{{cite web |title=Plaza de Oriente, Madrid |url=http://www.madrid-tourist.com/madrid-attractions/Plaza-Oriente-Madrid.html |publisher=Madrid-Tourist.com| access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref>
+The Plaza de Oriente is a rectangular park that connects the east façade of Palacio Real to the [[Teatro Real]].  The eastern side of plaza is curved and bordered by several cafes in the adjoining buildings.  Although the plaza was part of Sacchetti's plan for the palace, construction did not begin until 1808 when King [[Joseph Bonaparte]], who ordered the demolition of approximately 60 medieval structures, that included a church, monastery and royal library, located on the site.  Joseph was deposed before construction was completed, it was finished by Queen [[Isabella II]] who tasked architect [[Narciso Pascual Colomer]] with creating the final design in 1844.<ref name="goplaza">{{cite web |title=Plaza de Oriente |url=http://www.gomadrid.com/sights/plaza-de-oriente.html |publisher=GoMadrid.com| access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="tourist">{{cite web |title=Plaza de Oriente, Madrid |url=http://www.madrid-tourist.com/madrid-attractions/Plaza-Oriente-Madrid.html |publisher=Madrid-Tourist.com| access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
 [[File:Plaza de Oriente (Madrid) 11.jpg|thumb|250px|Statues of the Gothic kings in the Plaza de Oriente.]]
-Pathways divide the Plaza into three main plots: the Central Gardens, the Cabo Noval Gardens and the Lepanto Gardens.  The Central Gardens are arranged in a grid around the central monument to [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]], following the [[Baroque]] model garden. They consist of seven flowerbeds, each bordered with box hedges and holding small cypress, yew and [[magnolia]]s and annual flowers. The north and south boundaries of the Central Gardens are marked by a row of statues, popularly known as the ''Gothic kings''— sculptures representing five Visigoth rulers and fifteen rulers of the early Christian kingdoms in the [[Reconquista]]. They are carved from [[limestone]], and are part of a series dedicated to all [[List of heads of state of Spain|monarchs of Spain]].  These were ordered for the decoration of the Palacio Real and were executed between 1750 and 1753.  Engineers felt the statues were too heavy for the palace balustrade, so they were left on ground level where their lack of fine detail is readily apparent.  The remainder of the statues are in the Sabatini Gardens.<ref name="alvarez">{{cite book |first=Miguel |last=Álvarez Rodríguez |title=Memoria monumental de Madrid: guía de estatuas y bustos |year=2003 |publisher=La Liberia |isbn=84-95889-61-7}}</ref><ref name="prieto">{{cite book |last=Salvador Prieto |first=María del Socorro |title=Escultura monumental en Madrid: calles, plazas y jardines públicos (1875–1936) |year=1990 |publisher=Alpuerto |isbn=84-381-0147-X}}</ref>
+Pathways divide the Plaza into three main plots: the Central Gardens, the Cabo Noval Gardens and the Lepanto Gardens.  The Central Gardens are arranged in a grid around the central monument to [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]], following the [[Baroque]] model garden. They consist of seven flowerbeds, each bordered with box hedges and holding small cypress, yew and [[magnolia]]s and annual flowers. The north and south boundaries of the Central Gardens are marked by a row of statues, popularly known as the ''Gothic kings''— sculptures representing five [[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigoth]] rulers and fifteen rulers of the early Christian kingdoms in the [[Reconquista]]. They are carved from [[limestone]], and are part of a series dedicated to all [[List of heads of state of Spain|monarchs of Spain]].  These were ordered for the decoration of the Palacio Real and were executed between 1750 and 1753.  Engineers felt the statues were too heavy for the palace balustrade, so they were left on ground level where their lack of fine detail is readily apparent.  The remainder of the statues are in the Sabatini Gardens.<ref name="alvarez">{{cite book |first=Miguel |last=Álvarez Rodríguez |title=Memoria monumental de Madrid: guía de estatuas y bustos |year=2003 |publisher=La Liberia |isbn=84-95889-61-7}}</ref><ref name="prieto">{{cite book |last=Salvador Prieto |first=María del Socorro |title=Escultura monumental en Madrid: calles, plazas y jardines públicos (1875–1936) |year=1990 |publisher=Alpuerto |isbn=84-381-0147-X}}</ref>
 Isabel II laid out the grounds so that [[Pietro Tacca]]'s [[equestrian statue]] of Philip IV was placed in the center, opposite the Prince's Gate.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=82}}
@@ Line 89: / Line 92: @@
 ===Campo del Moro Gardens===
 [[File:España - Madrid - Campo del Moro - Entrada.JPG|right|thumb|250px|View of Paseo Principal, part of Campo del Moro Gardens.]]
-These gardens are so named because the Muslim leader Ali ben Yusuf allegedly camped here with his troops in 1109 during an attempted reconquest of Madrid. The first improvements to the area occurred under King Philip IV, who built fountains and planted various types of vegetation, but its overall look remained largely neglected.  During the construction of the palace various landscaping projects were put forth based on the gardens of the [[Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso]], but lack of funds hampered further improvement until the reign of Isabel II who began work in earnest. Following the taste of the times, the park was designed in the [[Romanticist]] style.
+These gardens are so named because the Muslim leader [[Ali ben Yusuf]] allegedly camped here with his troops in 1109 during an attempted reconquest of Madrid. The first improvements to the area occurred under King Philip IV, who built fountains and planted various types of vegetation, but its overall look remained largely neglected.  During the construction of the palace various landscaping projects were put forth based on the gardens of the [[Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso]], but lack of funds hampered further improvement until the reign of Isabella II who began work in earnest. Following the taste of the times, the park was designed in the [[Romanticist]] style.
-The Triton fountain from the Islet Garden of Aranjuez and the Fountain of the Shells from the Palace of the Infante Luis at Boadilla del Monte were aligned in the center of the right angled pathways by Isabel II, according to plans by [[Narciso Pascual Colomer]].  Under the [[regency of Maria Christina of Austria]], the park was reformed according to Ramon Oliva's [[romanticism]] plans.  Between the Fountain of Tritons and the palace is The Large Cavern or Grotto (Camellia House), built by [[Juan de Villanueva]] during the reign of [[Joseph Bonaparte]].  Sacchetti's 1757-1758 Little Cavern or Grotto (Potato Room) is in front of the Parade Ground.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=82-83}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=60-63}}
+The Triton fountain from the Islet Garden of [[Royal Palace of Aranjuez|Aranjuez]] and the Fountain of the Shells from the [[Palace of Infante don Luis]] at Boadilla del Monte were aligned in the center of the right angled pathways by Isabel II, according to plans by [[Narciso Pascual Colomer]].  Under the [[regency of Maria Christina of Austria]], the park was reformed according to Ramon Oliva's Romantic-style plans.  Between the Fountain of Tritons and the palace is The Large Cavern or Grotto (Camellia House), built by [[Juan de Villanueva]] during the reign of [[Joseph Bonaparte]].  Sacchetti's 1757-1758 Little Cavern or Grotto (Potato Room) is in front of the Parade Ground.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=82-83}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=60-63}}
 ===Sabatini Gardens===
@@ Line 97: / Line 100: @@
 [[File:Palacio Real y Jardines de Sabatini (3522631319).jpg|right|thumb|250px|View from the Sabatini Gardens.]]
-The Sabatini Gardens adjoin the north side of the Palacio real and extend to the calle de Bailén and the cuesta de San Vicente. The garden follows the symmetrical French design and work began in 1933, under the Republican government. Although they were designed by Zaragozan architect Fernando García Mercadal, they were named for Francesco Sabatini who designed the royal stables that previously occupied this site. These gardens feature a large rectangular pond which is surrounded by four fountains and statues of Spanish kings which were originally intended to crown the Royal Palace. Geometrically sited between its rides, there are several fountains.<ref name="sidebits">{{cite web |title=Sabatini Gardens: Chilling With the Kings |url=http://www.sitebits.com/2008/sabatini_gardens_chilling_with_kings.html |publisher=Sitebits.com |author=Slavito |date=5 February 2008| access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref>
+The Sabatini Gardens adjoin the north side of the Palacio real and extend to the calle de Bailén and the cuesta de San Vicente. The garden follows the symmetrical French design and work began in 1933, under the Republican government. Although they were designed by Zaragozan architect Fernando García Mercadal, they were named for Francesco Sabatini who designed the royal stables that previously occupied this site. These gardens feature a large rectangular pond which is surrounded by four fountains and statues of Spanish kings which were originally intended to crown the Royal Palace. Geometrically sited between its rides, there are several fountains.<ref name="sidebits">{{cite web |title=Sabatini Gardens: Chilling With the Kings |url=http://www.sitebits.com/2008/sabatini_gardens_chilling_with_kings.html |publisher=Sitebits.com |author=Slavito |date=5 February 2008| access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
-The Republican government constructed the gardens to return the area from control of the royal family to the people, the public was not allowed in the gardens until 1978 when they were opened by King Juan Carlos I.<ref name="sabatini">{{cite web |title=Jardines de Sabatini |url=http://www.madrid-tourist.com/madrid-attractions/Jardines-Sabatini-Madrid.html |publisher=Madrid-Tourist.com| access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref>
+The Republican government constructed the gardens to return the area from control of the royal family to the people, the public was not allowed in the gardens until 1978 when they were opened by King [[Juan Carlos I]].<ref name="sabatini">{{cite web |title=Jardines de Sabatini |url=http://www.madrid-tourist.com/madrid-attractions/Jardines-Sabatini-Madrid.html |publisher=Madrid-Tourist.com| access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref>
 ==Interior of the palace==
@@ Line 105: / Line 108: @@
 ====Grand Staircase====
 [[File:Royal Palace of Madrid Frescoe.jpg|thumb|[[Corrado Giaquinto|Giaquinto]]'s fresco above the staircase]]
-Built by Sabatini in 1789 when Charles IV wanted it moved to the opposite side of where Sabatini placed it in 1760, it is composed of a single piece of San Agustin marble.  Two lions grace the landing, one by Felipe de Castro and another by Robert Michel.  The [[frescoes]] on the ceiling is by [[Corrado Giaquinto]] and depicts ''Religion Protected by Spain''.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=24}} On the ground floor is a statue of Charles III in Roman [[toga]], with a similar statue on the first floor depicting Charles IV.  The four [[cartouches]] at the corners depict the elements of water, earth, air and fire.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=30}}
+Built by Sabatini in 1789 when [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] wanted it moved to the opposite side of where Sabatini placed it in 1760, it is composed of a single piece of San Agustin marble.  Two lions grace the landing, one by Felipe de Castro and another by Robert Michel.  The [[frescoes]] on the ceiling is by [[Corrado Giaquinto]] and depicts ''Religion Protected by Spain''.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=24}} On the ground floor is a statue of Charles III in Roman [[toga]], with a similar statue on the first floor depicting Charles IV.  The four [[cartouches]] at the corners depict the elements of water, earth, air and fire.{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=30}}
 ====Royal Library====
-The Royal Library was moved to the lower floor during the [[Regency of Maria Christina of Austria|regency of Maria Christina]].  The bookshelves date from the period of Charles III, Isabel II and Alfonso XII.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=77}}
+The Royal Library was moved to the lower floor during the [[Regency of Maria Christina of Austria|regency of Maria Christina]].  The bookshelves date from the period of Charles III, Isabella II and Alfonso XII.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=77}}
 Highlights of the collection include the [[Book of hours]] of [[Isabella I of Castile]], a codex of the time of [[Alfonso XI of Castile]], a Bible of Doña [[María de Molina]] and the ''Fiestas reales'', dedicated to Ferdinand VI by [[Farinelli]]. Also important are the maps kept in the library, which analyze the extent of the kingdoms under the [[Spanish Empire]].  Also on display a selection of the best medals from the Royal Collection.
@@ Line 115: / Line 118: @@
 The bookcovers demonstrate evolution of binding styles by era.  Examples in the holdings include [[Rococo]] in gold with iron lace, [[neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] in polychrome and [[Romanticism in Spanish literature|Romantic]] with [[Gothic art|Gothic]] and [[Spanish Renaissance|Renaissance]] motifs.
-The Archives of the Royal Palace contains approximately twenty thousand articles ranging from the Disastrous decade (1823-1833) to the proclamation of the [[Second Spanish Republic]] in 1931. In addition, it holds some scores of musicians of the Royal Chapel, privileges of various kings, the founding order of the [[El Escorial|Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial]], the testament of Philip II and correspondence of most of the kings of the [[House of Bourbon]].
+The Archives of the Royal Palace contains approximately twenty thousand articles ranging from the Disastrous decade (1823-1833) to the proclamation of the [[Second Spanish Republic]] in 1931. In addition, it holds some scores of musicians of the Royal Chapel, privileges of various kings, the founding order of the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de [[El Escorial]], the testament of Philip II and correspondence of most of the kings of the [[House of Bourbon]].
 ====Royal Pharmacy====
-During the reign of [[Felipe II of Spain|Felipe II]] the Royal Pharmacy became an appendage of the royal household and ordered the supply of medicines, a role that continues today.
+During the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] the Royal Pharmacy became an appendage of the royal household and ordered the supply of medicines, a role that continues today.
-The collection includes jars made by La Granja de San Ildefonso, 19th century, and [[Talavera de la Reina pottery]], 18th century.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=78}}
+The collection includes jars made in La Granja de San Ildefonso, 19th century, and [[Talavera de la Reina pottery]], 18th century.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=78}}
 ====Royal Armory====
@@ Line 126: / Line 129: @@
 {{Main article|Royal Armoury of Madrid}}
-Along with the Imperial Armoury of [[Vienna]], the armoury is considered one of the best in the world and consists of pieces as early as the 13th century. This collection of weapons and armor once worn by kings and their top soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Palace of Madrid |url=https://www.royalpalacemadridtickets.com/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website= |language=en}}</ref> The building, designed by J.S. de Lema and [[Enrique María Repullés|E. Repulles]], was opened in 1897{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=54}}
+Along with the Imperial Armoury of [[Vienna]], the armoury is considered one of the best in the world and consists of pieces as early as the 13th century. This collection of weapons and armor once worn by kings and their top soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Palace of Madrid |url=https://www.royalpalacemadridtickets.com/ |access-date=21 September 2023 |website= |language=en}}</ref> The building, designed by J.S. de Lema and [[Enrique María Repullés|E. Repulles]], was opened in 1897{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=54}}
 The collection highlights the tournament pieces made for Charles V and Philip II by the leading armourers of [[Milan]] and [[Augsburg]]. Among the most remarkable works are full armour and weapons that Emperor Charles V used in the [[Battle of Mühlberg]], and which was portrayed by [[Titian]] in his [[Equestrian Portrait of Charles V|famous equestrian portrait]] housed at the [[Museo del Prado]]. Unfortunately, parts of the collection were lost during the [[Peninsular War]] and during the [[Spanish Civil War]].
@@ Line 138: / Line 141: @@
 The [[Halberd|Halberdier's Room]], or Guard Room, was designed by Sabatini, and includes the fresco by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]], ''[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] and [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]''.  Two paintings by [[Luca Giordano]] depict scenes from the life of [[Solomon]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=26-28}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=32-33}}
-The Hall of Columns has a ceiling fresco by Giaquinto, representing ''The Sun before Which All the Forces of Nature Awaken and Rejoice'', an [[allegory]] of the king as [[Apollo]].  An 1878 bronze statue of ''Charles V Vanquishing Fury'' is by [[Ferdinand Barbedienne]].  The bronze chandeliers were made in Paris in 1846, and installed by Isbella II for her balls.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=28-31}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=34-35}}
+The Hall of Columns has a ceiling fresco by Giaquinto, representing ''The Sun before Which All the Forces of Nature Awaken and Rejoice'', an [[allegory]] of the king as [[Apollo]].  An 1878 bronze statue of ''Charles V Vanquishing Fury'' is by [[Ferdinand Barbedienne]].  The bronze chandeliers were made in Paris in 1846, and installed by Isabella II for her balls.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=28-31}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=34-35}}
 The Throne Room dates from Charles III in 1772, and features Tiepolo's ceiling fresco, ''The [[Apotheosis]] of the Spanish Monarchy''.  Bronze sculptures include the Four [[Cardinal Virtues]], four of the Seven Planets, [[Satyr]], [[Germanicus]], and four [[Medici lions]] flanking the dual throne.{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=34-40}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=50-53}}
-Charles III's [[Anteroom]] (Saleta) contains a 1774 ceiling fresco ''Apotheosis of [[Trajan]]'' by A.R. Mengs.  The Antechamber of Charles III (The Conversation Room) also contains a ceiling fresco by Mengs, ''The Apotheosis of [[Hercules]]''.  This room has four royal family portraits by [[Goya]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=40-47}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=36-37}}
+Charles III's [[Anteroom]] (Saleta) contains a 1774 ceiling fresco ''Apotheosis of [[Trajan]]'' by A.R. Mengs.  The Antechamber of Charles III (The Conversation Room) also contains a ceiling fresco by [[Anton Raphael Mengs]], ''The Apotheosis of [[Hercules]]''.  This room has four royal family portraits by [[Francisco Goya|Goya]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=40-47}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=36-37}}
 ====The Queen's apartments and banqueting hall====
-Formerly the queen's apartments under Charles III, the three rooms were converted into a banquet hall by Alfonso XII in 1879, and completed in 1885.  The three ceiling frescoes remained though, ''Dawn in Her Chariot'' by [[Raphael Mengs]], ''Christopher Columbus Offering the New World to the [[Catholic Monarchs]]'' by [[Alejandro González Velázquez]], and ''[[Boabdil]] Giving the Keys to Granada to the Catholic Monarchs'' by [[Francisco Bayeu y Subías]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=56-59}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=44-45}}
+Formerly the queen's apartments under Charles III, the three rooms were converted into a banquet hall by Alfonso XII in 1879, and completed in 1885.  The three ceiling frescoes remained though, ''Dawn in Her Chariot'' by [[Anton Raphael Mengs]], ''Christopher Columbus Offering the New World to the [[Catholic Monarchs]]'' by [[Alejandro González Velázquez]], and ''[[Boabdil]] Giving the Keys to Granada to the Catholic Monarchs'' by [[Francisco Bayeu y Subías]].{{sfn|Sancho|2014|p=56-59}}{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=44-45}}
 ====Apartments of Infante Luis====
@@ Line 156: / Line 159: @@
 ====The Crown Room====
-Formerly the apartment of Alfonso XIII's mother, [[Maria Christina of Austria]], the room contains Charles III's throne, scepter and crown.  Tapestries from [[Jacopo Amigoni]]'s ''Four Seasons'' adorn the walls.  Also of note are the abdication speech of [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]] and the proclamation speech of [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]].{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=48-49}}
+Formerly the apartment of Alfonso XIII's mother, [[Maria Christina of Austria]], the room contains Charles III's throne, scepter and crown.  Tapestries from [[Jacopo Amigoni]]'s ''Four Seasons'' adorn the walls.  Also of note are the [[Abdication of Juan Carlos I|abdication speech]] of [[Juan Carlos I]] and the proclamation speech of [[Felipe VI]].{{sfn|Viso|2014|p=48-49}}
 ==Gallery==
@@ Line 167: / Line 170: @@
 ==Recent events==
-The wedding banquet of [[Felipe VI of Spain|Prince Felipe]] and [[Queen Letizia of Spain|Letizia Ortiz]] took place on 22 May 2004 in the central courtyard of the palace.
+The wedding banquet of [[Felipe VI of Spain|Prince Felipe]] and [[Queen Letizia of Spain|Letizia Ortiz]] took place on 22 May 2004 in the central courtyard of the palace.{{cn|date=April 2024}}
 ==See also==
@@ Line 201: / Line 204: @@
 [[Category:Royal residences in Spain]]
 [[Category:Houses completed in 1755]]
-[[Category:Baroque palaces]]
+[[Category:Baroque palaces in Spain]]
 [[Category:Baroque architecture in Madrid]]
 [[Category:Pharmacy museums]]

v t e Filippo Juvarra
Churches and religious buildings	Sant'Antonio Abate, Chieri (original project, 17th century) Santa Cristina, Turin (completion, 1715–1718) San Filippo Neri, Turin (reconstruction, 1715–1730) Basilica of Superga (1717–1731) Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua (dome design, 1732) Sanctuary of Oropa (Royal Gate)
Chapels	Antamoro Chapel in San Girolamo della Carità (with sculptor Pierre Le Gros, 1708–1709) Chapel of Saint Joseph in Santa Teresa, Turin (1725)
Secular buildings	Palazzo della Cancelleria (project of theater, 1709) Royal Palace of Aranjuez (involvement, early 18th century) Castle of Rivoli (intervention, 1716) Palace of Venaria (intervention, 1716) Palazzo Madama, Turin (project and façade, 1716–1721) Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi (original project, 1729) Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso (intervention, 1730s) Royal Palace of Madrid (reconstruction project, 1735)
Other projects	Royal Palace of Lisbon (1719, unrealized) Royal Palace of Madrid (1734–1735, partially realized)
Related	Baroque architecture Carlo Fontana (architecture master) Francesco Fontana (architecture master) Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal and patron)

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