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{{Short description|Ruthenian military commander and hetman}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
| name=Stefan Kunicki
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{{Infobox officeholder
| native_name=Stefan Kunytskyi
| image=Hetman Stefan Kunicki 0001.jpg
| name = Stefan Kunicki
| native_name = Stephan Kunicki
⚫
| order= [[Hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]]
| image = Hetman Stefan Kunicki 0001.jpg
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| term_start1 =August 24, 1683
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| order = [[Hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]]
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| term_end1 =1684
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| term_start1 = 24 August 1683
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| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =[[Andrii Mohyla]]
| term_end1 = 1684
⚫
| predecessor1 =
⚫
| birth_date=circa 1640
| successor1 = {{ill|Andriy Mohyla|ru|Могила, Андрей Моисеевич|uk|Андрій Могила}}
| death_date=1684
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| birth_date = circa 1640
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| death_place=[[Mohyliv]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
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| death_date = 1684
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|}}
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| death_place = [[Mohyliv]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
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}}


'''Stefan Kunicki''' ({{langx|uk|Стефан Куницький}} or Степан Куницький; {{circa}} 1640–1684) was a [[Ruthenia]]n military commander and hetman of Right-bank Ukraine. He was also a member of the Polish nobility.<ref name="nbuv">{{cite web |author=Тарас Чухліб |year=2008 |title=Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу |url=http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/18414/13-Chukhlib.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Інститут історії України НАНУ}}</ref><ref name="Wagner3853">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=385}}</ref>
'''Stefan Kunytskyi''' ({{lang-uk|Стефан Куницький}}) of [[Sas II Coat of Arms|Sas Coat of Arms]] (died 1684) was a polish [[hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]].<ref name="nbuv"/>


==Biography==
== Biography ==
⚫
Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.<ref name="Wagner3853" /> Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman [[Petro Doroshenko]]. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king [[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.<ref name="Wagner3853" /> On 25 February 1673 the [[General sejm|sejm]] ennobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Wasyl, Fiedor, Dymitr, Iwan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref name="Wagner3853" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski |year=1987 |title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794) |journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |page=89}}</ref> When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to Czechryń (currently known as [[Chyhyryn]]), he was captured by the men of [[Ivan Samoylovych]].<ref name="Wagner3863">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=386}}</ref> Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king [[Jan III Sobieski]].<ref name="Wagner3863" /> In February 1675 [[Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki]] nominated him deputy [[starosta]] of [[Nemyriv]].<ref name="Wagner3863" /> In spring 1676 he went to [[Moldavia]]<ref name="nbuv3">{{cite web |author=Тарас Чухліб |year=2008 |title=Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу |url=http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/18414/13-Chukhlib.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Інститут історії України НАНУ}}</ref> to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.<ref name="Wagner3863" /> As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner3863" />


⚫
In the second half of 1676 the situation in [[Right-bank Ukraine]] changed. [[Petro Doroshenko]] was arrested by the Russians who nominated [[Ivan Samoylovych]] as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. [[Yuri Khmelnytsky]] was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".<ref name="Wagner3863" /> Turkey chose [[Nemyriv]] as a capital of Khanate of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rawita-Gawroński |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679 |year=1919 |pages=138–139}}</ref> Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Nemyriv.<ref name="Wagner3873">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=387}}</ref>
⚫
Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.<ref name="Wagner385">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=385 }}</ref> Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman [[Petro Doroshenko]]. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king [[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.<ref name="Wagner385"/> On 25 February 1673 the [[General sejm|sejm]] ennobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Vasyl, Fedir, Dmytro, Ivan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref name="Wagner385"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski |year=1987|title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404-1794) |page=89}}</ref> When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to [[Chyhyryn]], he was captured by the men of [[Ivan Samoylovych]].<ref name="Wagner386">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=386 }}</ref> Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king [[Jan III Sobieski]].<ref name="Wagner386"/> In February 1675 [[Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki]] nominated him deputy [[starosta]] of [[Nemyriv]].<ref name="Wagner386"/> In spring 1676 he went to [[Moldavia]]<ref name="nbuv">{{cite web|url=http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/18414/13-Chukhlib.pdf?sequence=1|title=Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу|author= Тарас Чухліб |date=2008|publisher= Інститут історії України НАНУ}}</ref> to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.<ref name="Wagner386"/> As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner386"/>


⚫
On 4 December 1678 colonel [[Hawryło Nehrebecki]] captured [[Nemyriv]]. It isn't known if Kunicki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.<ref name="Wagner3873" /> Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in [[Volhynia]] at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner3873" />
⚫
In the second half of 1676 the situation in [[Right-bank Ukraine]] changed. [[Petro Doroshenko]] was arrested by the Russians who nominated [[Ivan Samoylovych]] as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. [[Yuri Khmelnytsky]] was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".<ref name="Wagner386"/> Turkey chose [[Nemyriv]] as a capital of Khanate of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640-1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |pages=138–139}}</ref> Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Nemyriv.<ref name="Wagner387">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=387 }}</ref>


⚫
In 1683, {{ill|Kunicki's expedition on the Right-bank and Moldavia|lt=he invaded Moldavia|ru|Поход Степана Куницкого на Правобережную Украину и Молдавию|uk|Похід Куницького на Правобережжя і Молдову}} then advanced towards [[Akkerman]]. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the [[Prut]], Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to [[Mohyliv]]. {{ill|Andriy Mohyla|ru|Могила, Андрей Моисеевич|uk|Андрій Могила}}, leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohyliv. Mohyla's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour<ref name="Rolle2083">{{cite book |last=Rolle |title=Zameczki podolskie |year=1880 |page=208}}</ref> and he was sentenced to death and executed.<ref name="Rolle2093">{{cite book |last=Rolle |title=Zameczki podolskie |year=1880 |page=209}}</ref> The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.<ref name="Rolle2093" /><ref name="nbuv3" />
⚫
On December 4, 1678 colonel [[Havrylo Nehrebeckyi]] captured [[Nemyriv]]. It isn't known if Kunicki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.<ref name="Wagner387"/> Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in [[Volhynia]] at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner387"/>


⚫
He was married to [[Elena Kunitskaya]].
⚫
In 1683 he invaded Moldavia then advanced towards [[Akkerman]]. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the [[Prut]], Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to [[Mohyliv]]. [[Andriy Mohyla]], leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohyliv. Mohyla's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour<ref name="Rolle208">{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie |last=Rolle |year=1880 |page=208}}</ref> and he was sentenced to death and executed.<ref name="Rolle209">{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie |last=Rolle |year=1880 |page=209}}</ref> The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.<ref name="Rolle209"/><ref name="nbuv"/>


⚫
== Notes ==
⚫
He was married to [[Elena Kunitskaya|Olena Kunytska]].

⚫
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
== References ==
*{{cite book|author=Тарас Чухліб|title=Куницький Стефан|publisher = Енциклопедія історії України, Інститут історії України НАН України|location=Київ|url= http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kunitskii_S|year=2009|page=560}}
* {{cite book |author=Тарас Чухліб |title=Куницький Стефан |publisher=Енциклопедія історії України, Інститут історії України НАН України |location=Київ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kunitskii_S |year=2009 |page=560}}
*{{cite book|author=Євген Онацький |url=http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/second_book/part1.pdf |title=Куниця (Куницький) Степан|publisher = Українська мала енциклопедія|year=1960|page=792}}
* {{cite book |author=Євген Онацький |url=http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/second_book/part1.pdf |title=Куниця (Куницький) Степан |publisher=Українська мала енциклопедія |year=1960 |page=792}}
*{{cite book|author=Леонтій Войтович, Віктор Голубко|title=Історія війн і військового мистецтва. У трьох томах. Том 2 (початок ХVІ – початок ХХ ст.)|publisher =Фоліо|isbn=978-966-03-8350-0|year=2019|page=976}}
* {{cite book |author=Леонтій Войтович, Віктор Голубко |title=Історія війн і військового мистецтва. У трьох томах. Том 2 (початок ХVІ – початок ХХ ст.) |publisher=Фоліо |isbn=978-966-03-8350-0 |year=2019 |page=976}}
*{{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640-1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |first=Franciszek |author-link=Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |publisher="Ostoja" Spółka Wydawnicza |location=Poznań |pages=138–139
* {{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |first=Franciszek |author-link=Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |publisher="Ostoja" Spółka Wydawnicza |location=Poznań |pages=138–139 |url=http://ia600603.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=26/items/ostatnichmielnic00gawr/ostatnichmielnic00gawr.djvu |language=pl}}
* {{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie na kresach multańskich |last=Rolle |first=Antoni |author-link=Antoni J. Rolle |volume=3 |year=1880 |publisher=Gebethner i Wolff |location=Kraków |pages=208–209 |url=http://www.polona.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=28122&from=FBC |language=pl}}
|url=http://ia600603.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=26/items/ostatnichmielnic00gawr/ostatnichmielnic00gawr.djvu|language=pl}}
*{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie na kresach multańskich |last=Rolle |first=Antoni |author-link=Antoni J. Rolle |volume=3| year=1880|publisher=Gebethner i Wolff |location=Kraków|pages=208–209 |url=http://www.polona.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=28122&from=FBC|language=pl}}
* {{cite journal |author=Wagner Marek |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego z lat 1676–1677 |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |volume=2 |pages=385–393 |publisher=Radzyńskie Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Lokalnych |url=http://www.rasil.home.pl/wrh_2_2005/20_marek_wagner.pdf |language=pl}}
*{{cite journal |author=Wagner Marek |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego z lat 1676-1677|journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |volume=2 |pages=385–393 |publisher=Radzyńskie Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Lokalnych |url=http://www.rasil.home.pl/wrh_2_2005/20_marek_wagner.pdf|language=pl}}
* {{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski Zygmunt |year=1987 |title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794) |journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |volume=9 |page=89 |language=pl}}
*{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski Zygmunt|year=1987|title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404-1794)|journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |volume=9 |page=89|language=pl}}


{{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
{{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunicki, Stefan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunytskyi, Stefan}}
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[[Category:1684 deaths]]
[[Category:Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]]
[[Category:Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]]
[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]
[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]
⚫
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Zaporozhian Cossack nobility]]
[[Category:Zaporozhian Cossack nobility]]
⚫
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Latest revision as of 09:34, 25 October 2024

Stefan Kunicki
Stephan Kunicki
Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine
In office
24 August 1683 – 1684
Succeeded byAndriy Mohyla [ru; uk]
Personal details
Borncirca 1640
Died1684
Mohyliv, Ottoman Empire

Stefan Kunicki (Ukrainian: Стефан Куницький or Степан Куницький; c. 1640–1684) was a Ruthenian military commander and hetman of Right-bank Ukraine. He was also a member of the Polish nobility.[1][2]

Biography

[edit]

Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.[2] Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman Petro Doroshenko. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.[2] On 25 February 1673 the sejm ennobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Wasyl, Fiedor, Dymitr, Iwan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2][3] When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to Czechryń (currently known as Chyhyryn), he was captured by the men of Ivan Samoylovych.[4] Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king Jan III Sobieski.[4] In February 1675 Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki nominated him deputy starosta of Nemyriv.[4] In spring 1676 he went to Moldavia[5] to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.[4] As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.[4]

In the second half of 1676 the situation in Right-bank Ukraine changed. Petro Doroshenko was arrested by the Russians who nominated Ivan Samoylovych as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. Yuri Khmelnytsky was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".[4] Turkey chose Nemyriv as a capital of Khanate of Ukraine.[6] Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Nemyriv.[7]

On 4 December 1678 colonel Hawryło Nehrebecki captured Nemyriv. It isn't known if Kunicki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.[7] Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in Volhynia at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.[7]

In 1683, he invaded Moldavia [ru; uk] then advanced towards Akkerman. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the Prut, Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to Mohyliv. Andriy Mohyla [ru; uk], leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohyliv. Mohyla's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour[8] and he was sentenced to death and executed.[9] The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.[9][5]

He was married to Elena Kunitskaya.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Тарас Чухліб (2008). "Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу" (PDF). Інститут історії України НАНУ.
  2. ^ a b c d Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 385.
  3. ^ Wdowiszewski (1987). "Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794)". Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej: 89.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 386.
  5. ^ a b Тарас Чухліб (2008). "Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу" (PDF). Інститут історії України НАНУ.
  6. ^ Rawita-Gawroński (1919). Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679. pp. 138–139.
  7. ^ a b c Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 387.
  8. ^ Rolle (1880). Zameczki podolskie. p. 208.
  9. ^ a b Rolle (1880). Zameczki podolskie. p. 209.

References

[edit]
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