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{{Short description|Ruthenian military commander and hetman}}
{{Infobox President | name=Stefan Kunicki
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
⚫
| image=Hetman Stefan Kunicki 0001.jpg
{{Infobox officeholder
| order= [[Hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]]
| term_start1 =August 24, 1683
| name = Stefan Kunicki
| term_end1 =1684
| native_name = Stephan Kunicki
⚫
| image = Hetman Stefan Kunicki 0001.jpg
⚫
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =[[Piotr Mohyła]]
| order = [[Hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]]
⚫
| term_start1 = 24 August 1683
⚫
| birth_date=circa 1640
| death_date=1684
| term_end1 = 1684
⚫
| predecessor1 =
| death_place=[[Mohylów]], [[Ukraine]]
| successor1 = {{ill|Andriy Mohyla|ru|Могила, Андрей Моисеевич|uk|Андрій Могила}}
⚫
|}}
⚫
| birth_date = circa 1640
| death_date = 1684
| death_place = [[Mohyliv]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
⚫
}}


'''Stefan Kunicki''' ({{langx|uk|Стефан Куницький}} or Степан Куницький; {{circa}} 1640–1684) was a [[Ruthenia]]n military commander and hetman of Right-bank Ukraine. He was also a member of the Polish nobility.<ref name="nbuv">{{cite web |author=Тарас Чухліб |year=2008 |title=Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу |url=http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/18414/13-Chukhlib.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Інститут історії України НАНУ}}</ref><ref name="Wagner3853">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=385}}</ref>
'''Stefan Kunicki''' of [[Sas II Coat of Arms|Sas Coat of Arms]] (died 1684) was a [[hetman]] of [[Right-bank Ukraine]].


== Biography ==
Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.{{clarify|date=October 2012}}<ref name="Wagner385">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=385 }}</ref> Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman [[Petro Doroshenko]]. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king [[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.<ref name="Wagner385"/> On 25 February 1673 the [[Sejm (disambiguation)|sejm]]{{dn|date=October 2012}} enobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Vasyl, Fiedor, Dymitr, Ivan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref name="Wagner385"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski |year=1987|title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404-1794) |page=89}}</ref> When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to Czehryń, he was captured by the men of [[Ivan Samoylovych]].<ref name="Wagner386">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=386 }}</ref> Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king [[Jan III Sobieski]].<ref name="Wagner386"/> In February 1675 [[Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki]] nominated him podstarości{{clarify|date=October 2012}} of [[Niemirów]].<ref name="Wagner386"/> In spring 1676 he went to [[Moldavia]] to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.<ref name="Wagner386"/> As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner386"/>
Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.<ref name="Wagner3853" /> Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman [[Petro Doroshenko]]. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king [[Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.<ref name="Wagner3853" /> On 25 February 1673 the [[General sejm|sejm]] ennobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Wasyl, Fiedor, Dymitr, Iwan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref name="Wagner3853" /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski |year=1987 |title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794) |journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |page=89}}</ref> When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to Czechryń (currently known as [[Chyhyryn]]), he was captured by the men of [[Ivan Samoylovych]].<ref name="Wagner3863">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=386}}</ref> Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king [[Jan III Sobieski]].<ref name="Wagner3863" /> In February 1675 [[Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki]] nominated him deputy [[starosta]] of [[Nemyriv]].<ref name="Wagner3863" /> In spring 1676 he went to [[Moldavia]]<ref name="nbuv3">{{cite web |author=Тарас Чухліб |year=2008 |title=Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу |url=http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/18414/13-Chukhlib.pdf?sequence=1 |publisher=Інститут історії України НАНУ}}</ref> to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.<ref name="Wagner3863" /> As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner3863" />


In the second half of 1676 the situation in [[Right-bank Ukraine]] changed. Piotr Doroszenko was arrested by the Russians who nominated [[Iwan Samojłowicz]] as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. [[Jerzy Chmielnicki]] was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".<ref name="Wagner386"/> Turkey chose [[Niemirów]] as a capital of Chmielnicki's state.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640-1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |pages=138–139}}</ref> Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Niemirów.<ref name="Wagner387">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |page=387 }}</ref>
In the second half of 1676 the situation in [[Right-bank Ukraine]] changed. [[Petro Doroshenko]] was arrested by the Russians who nominated [[Ivan Samoylovych]] as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. [[Yuri Khmelnytsky]] was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".<ref name="Wagner3863" /> Turkey chose [[Nemyriv]] as a capital of Khanate of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rawita-Gawroński |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679 |year=1919 |pages=138–139}}</ref> Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Nemyriv.<ref name="Wagner3873">{{cite journal |author=Wagner |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |page=387}}</ref>


On December 4, 1678 colonel [[Hawryło Nehrebecki]] captured Niemirów. It isn't known if Kunecki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.<ref name="Wagner387"/> Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in Wołyń at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner387"/>
On 4 December 1678 colonel [[Hawryło Nehrebecki]] captured [[Nemyriv]]. It isn't known if Kunicki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.<ref name="Wagner3873" /> Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in [[Volhynia]] at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.<ref name="Wagner3873" />


In 1683 he invaded Moldavia then advanced towards [[Białogród]]{{dn|date=October 2012}}. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the [[Prut]], Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to [[Mohylów]]{{dn|date=October 2012}}. [[Piotr Mohyła]], leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohylów. Mohyła's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour<ref name="Rolle208">{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie |last=Rolle |year=1880 |page=208}}</ref> and he was sentenced to death and executed.<ref name="Rolle209">{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie |last=Rolle |year=1880 |page=209}}</ref> The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.<ref name="Rolle209"/>
In 1683, {{ill|Kunicki's expedition on the Right-bank and Moldavia|lt=he invaded Moldavia|ru|Поход Степана Куницкого на Правобережную Украину и Молдавию|uk|Похід Куницького на Правобережжя і Молдову}} then advanced towards [[Akkerman]]. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the [[Prut]], Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to [[Mohyliv]]. {{ill|Andriy Mohyla|ru|Могила, Андрей Моисеевич|uk|Андрій Могила}}, leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohyliv. Mohyla's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour<ref name="Rolle2083">{{cite book |last=Rolle |title=Zameczki podolskie |year=1880 |page=208}}</ref> and he was sentenced to death and executed.<ref name="Rolle2093">{{cite book |last=Rolle |title=Zameczki podolskie |year=1880 |page=209}}</ref> The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.<ref name="Rolle2093" /><ref name="nbuv3" />


He was married to [[Elena Kunitskaya]].
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==Notes==

⚫
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
== References ==
* {{cite book |author=Тарас Чухліб |title=Куницький Стефан |publisher=Енциклопедія історії України, Інститут історії України НАН України |location=Київ |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kunitskii_S |year=2009 |page=560}}
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*{{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640-1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |first=Franciszek |authorlink=Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |publisher="Ostoja" Spółka Wydawnicza |location=Poznań |pages=138–139
* {{cite book |author=Євген Онацький |url=http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/second_book/part1.pdf |title=Куниця (Куницький) Степан |publisher=Українська мала енциклопедія |year=1960 |page=792}}
|url=http://ia600603.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=26/items/ostatnichmielnic00gawr/ostatnichmielnic00gawr.djvu}}
* {{cite book |author=Леонтій Войтович, Віктор Голубко |title=Історія війн і військового мистецтва. У трьох томах. Том 2 (початок ХVІ – початок ХХ ст.) |publisher=Фоліо |isbn=978-966-03-8350-0 |year=2019 |page=976}}
⚫
*{{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie na kresach multańskich |last=Rolle |first=Antoni |authorlink=Antoni J. Rolle |volume=3| year=1880|publisher=Gebethner i Wolff |location=Kraków|pages=208–209 |url=http://www.polona.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=28122&from=FBC}}
⚫
* {{cite book |title=Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679 |last=Rawita-Gawroński |first=Franciszek |author-link=Franciszek Rawita-Gawroński |year=1919 |publisher="Ostoja" Spółka Wydawnicza |location=Poznań |pages=138–139 |url=http://ia600603.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=26/items/ostatnichmielnic00gawr/ostatnichmielnic00gawr.djvu |language=pl}}
⚫
*{{cite journal |author=Wagner Marek |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego z lat 1676-1677|journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |volume=2 |pages=385–393 |publisher=Radzyńskie Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Lokalnych |url=http://www.rasil.home.pl/wrh_2_2005/20_marek_wagner.pdf}}
⚫
* {{cite book |title=Zameczki podolskie na kresach multańskich |last=Rolle |first=Antoni |author-link=Antoni J. Rolle |volume=3 |year=1880 |publisher=Gebethner i Wolff |location=Kraków |pages=208–209 |url=http://www.polona.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=28122&from=FBC |language=pl}}
⚫
*{{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski Zygmunt|year=1987|title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404-1794)|journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |volume=9 |page=89}}
⚫
* {{cite journal |author=Wagner Marek |year=2005 |title=Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego z lat 1676–1677 |journal=Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny |volume=2 |pages=385–393 |publisher=Radzyńskie Stowarzyszenie Inicjatyw Lokalnych |url=http://www.rasil.home.pl/wrh_2_2005/20_marek_wagner.pdf |language=pl}}
⚫
* {{cite journal |author=Wdowiszewski Zygmunt |year=1987 |title=Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794) |journal=Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej |volume=9 |page=89 |language=pl}}


{{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{Authority control}}
⚫
| NAME = Kunicki, Stefan

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunytskyi, Stefan}}
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1684
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Mohylów]], [[Ukraine]]
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunicki, Stefan}}
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[[Category:Ukrainian Cossacks]]
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[[Category:Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]]
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[[Category:Cossacks]]
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[[Category:Polish nobility]]
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
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[[Category:Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks]]
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[[Category:Ruthenian nobility]]
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[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
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[[Category:Zaporozhian Cossack nobility]]

Latest revision as of 09:34, 25 October 2024

Stefan Kunicki
Stephan Kunicki
Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine
In office
24 August 1683 – 1684
Succeeded byAndriy Mohyla [ru; uk]
Personal details
Borncirca 1640
Died1684
Mohyliv, Ottoman Empire

Stefan Kunicki (Ukrainian: Стефан Куницький or Степан Куницький; c. 1640–1684) was a Ruthenian military commander and hetman of Right-bank Ukraine. He was also a member of the Polish nobility.[1][2]

Biography

[edit]

Kunicki's origin is unknown, also as his youth and beginning of military career.[2] Before 1673 Kunicki became a collaborator of hetman Petro Doroshenko. In 1673 he was sent twice to Warsaw to the Polish king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as an envoy of the Cossacks' hetman.[2] On 25 February 1673 the sejm ennobled Kunicki, his five nephews (Atanazy, Wasyl, Fiedor, Dymitr, Iwan) and three more Cossacks who were loyal to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2][3] When Kunicki was coming back from Warsaw to Czechryń (currently known as Chyhyryn), he was captured by the men of Ivan Samoylovych.[4] Kunicki was detained until November 1674 when he was released after the intervention of the new Polish king Jan III Sobieski.[4] In February 1675 Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki nominated him deputy starosta of Nemyriv.[4] In spring 1676 he went to Moldavia[5] to rescue his nephews and other relatives from Turkish captivity.[4] As a podstarości he also worked in the field of the intelligence service. He collected information from Polish agents about the Turkish and Tatar armies for hetman Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.[4]

In the second half of 1676 the situation in Right-bank Ukraine changed. Petro Doroshenko was arrested by the Russians who nominated Ivan Samoylovych as his successor. This caused a reaction from Turkey. Yuri Khmelnytsky was released from Turkish prison and furnished with the title "prince of Rus".[4] Turkey chose Nemyriv as a capital of Khanate of Ukraine.[6] Nonetheless, Kunicki did not fear a Turkish or Tatar invasion of Nemyriv.[7]

On 4 December 1678 colonel Hawryło Nehrebecki captured Nemyriv. It isn't known if Kunicki left town before the arrival of Nehrebecki or if he stayed for some time after 4 December.[7] Neither is it known what he did between 1678 and 1683, though he may have spent some time in Volhynia at the property of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki.[7]

In 1683, he invaded Moldavia [ru; uk] then advanced towards Akkerman. The Tatars knew of Kunicki's plan, so he decided to retreat and go back to Ukraine. On the Prut, Kunicki's army was overtaken by the Tatars. Kunicki escaped with his cavalry to Mohyliv. Andriy Mohyla [ru; uk], leader of the infantry, had to fight the Tatars alone but he successfully returned to Mohyliv. Mohyla's troops were very angry about Kunicki's behaviour[8] and he was sentenced to death and executed.[9] The infantry and cavalry proclaimed Mohyła as the new hetman.[9][5]

He was married to Elena Kunitskaya.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Тарас Чухліб (2008). "Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу" (PDF). Інститут історії України НАНУ.
  2. ^ a b c d Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 385.
  3. ^ Wdowiszewski (1987). "Regesty nobilitacji w Polsce (1404–1794)". Materiały do biografii, genealogii i heraldyki polskiej: 89.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 386.
  5. ^ a b Тарас Чухліб (2008). "Зимовий похід 1683/1684 рр. українського козацтва проти Османів до причорноморського Степу" (PDF). Інститут історії України НАНУ.
  6. ^ Rawita-Gawroński (1919). Ostatni Chmielniczenko (Zarys monograficzny) 1640–1679. pp. 138–139.
  7. ^ a b c Wagner (2005). "Materiały do biografii hetmana kozackiego Stefana Kunickiego". Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny: 387.
  8. ^ Rolle (1880). Zameczki podolskie. p. 208.
  9. ^ a b Rolle (1880). Zameczki podolskie. p. 209.

References

[edit]
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