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{{refimprove|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox church
| name = San Pancrazio
| fullname = Basilica of Saint Pancras
| native_name = Basilica di San Pancrazio
| native_name_lang = it
| image =Q12 Gianicolense - S. Pancrazio 1.JPG
| caption = Facade
| coordinates ={{coord|41|53|06|N|12|27|14|E|dim:60_scale:600_region:IT-RM_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=ti}}
|image_size=270
|mapframe-frame-width=270
|mapframe=yes
|mapframe-caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view
|mapframe-zoom=12
|mapframe-marker=religious-christian
|mapframe-wikidata=yes
| location = Piazza di S. Pancrazio 5D, [[Rome]]
| country = [[Italy]]
| language(s) =Italian
| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| tradition =[[Roman Rite]]
| religious order =[[Discalced Carmelites]]
| website = {{URL|sanpancrazio.org}}
| status = [[titular church]], [[minor basilica]]
| founded date =5th century AD
| founder = [[Pope Symmachus]]
| dedication = [[Pancras of Rome]]
| architectural type = [[Paleochristian architecture|Paleochristian]], [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]]
| completed date = 1849
| diocese = [[Diocese of Rome|Rome]] }}

{{about|the basilica in Rome|other places named San Pancrazio|San Pancrazio (disambiguation)}}
{{about|the basilica in Rome|other places named San Pancrazio|San Pancrazio (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Q12 Gianicolense - S. Pancrazio 1.JPG|thumb|300px|Basilica of San Pancrazio, facade]]
The church of '''San Pancrazio''' ({{lang-en|S. Pancras}}; {{lang-la|S. Pancratii}}) is a [[Roman Catholic]] [[minor basilica|ancient basilica]] and [[titular church]] founded by [[Pope Symmachus]] in the 6th century in Rome, Italy. It stands in via S. Pancrazio, westward beyond the [[Porta San Pancrazio]] that opens in a stretch of the [[Aurelian Wall]] on the [[Janiculum]].


The basilica of '''San Pancrazio''' ({{langx|en|St Pancras}}; {{langx|la|S. Pancratii}}) is a [[Catholic]] [[minor basilica]] and [[titular church|titular]], [[conventual church|conventual]], and [[parish church]] founded by [[Pope Symmachus]] in the 6th century in Rome, Italy. It stands in via S. Pancrazio, westward beyond the [[Porta San Pancrazio]] that opens in a stretch of the [[Aurelian Wall]] on the [[Janiculum]] and covers the [[Catacomb of San Pancrazio]]. The adjacent convent was established perhaps as early as the church and has been occupied by the [[Discalced Carmelite]] since 1662.
The [[Cardinal Priest]] of the ''Titulus S. Pancratii'' is [[Antonio Cañizares Llovera]]. Among the previous titulars, [[Pope Paul IV]] (15 January-24 September 1537) and [[Pope Clement VIII]] (18 December 1585-30 January 1592).

The [[Cardinal Priest]] of the ''Titulus S. Pancratii'' is [[Antonio Cañizares Llovera]]. Other previous titulars include [[Pope Paul IV]] (15 January – 24 September 1537) and [[Pope Clement VIII]] (18 December 1585 – 30 January 1592).


==History==
==History==
[[File:San Pancrazio - ingresso 1536.JPG|thumb|Entrance avenue through the forecourt]]
The basilica was built by [[Pope Symmachus]] (498-514), on the place where the body of the young martyr Saint [[Pancras of Rome]], or Pancratius, had been buried. In the 17th century, it was given to the [[Discalced Carmelites]], who completely remodeled it. The church underwent further rebuilding in the 19th century, but it retains its plain brick facade of the late 15th century, with the arms of [[Pope Innocent VIII]].<ref name="Touring Club Italiano 1965 p. 455">Touring Club Italiano, ''Roma e dintorni'' (Milan, 1965) p. 455.</ref>
The basilica was built by [[Pope Symmachus]] (498–514), on the place where the body of the young martyr Saint [[Pancras of Rome]], or Pancratius, had been buried, ''Via Aurelia miliario secundo'' ('on the Via Aurelia at the second milestone'). The church was originally placed by him under the care of the clergy of the Church of S. Crisogono. Due to their neglect of the site, Pope Gregory I (590–604) handed it over to the members of the newly founded [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine Order]] after the [[Lombards]] sacked their monastery of [[Monte Cassino|Montecassino]] in 580.<ref>Matilda Webb, ''The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: A Comprehensive Guide'' (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2001), p. 273.</ref> In the seventh century Pope Honorius I (625–638) built a larger church for the increasing numbers of pilgrims; he placed the relics of the saint beneath the high altar, with a window of access from a semi-circular corridor that led behind and below the altar.<ref>Webb, p. 273.</ref> In the 17th century, it was given to the [[Discalced Carmelites]], who completely remodeled it. The church underwent further rebuilding in the 19th century, having been heavily damaged during the French attack on the incipient [[Roman Republic (1849–1850)|Roman Republic]] in 1849; but it retains its plain brick facade of the late 15th century, with the arms of [[Pope Innocent VIII]].<ref name="Touring Club Italiano 1965 p. 455">Touring Club Italiano, ''Roma e dintorni'' (Milan, 1965) p. 455.</ref>


Below the church there are huge catacombs, the ''Catacombe di S. Pancrazio'' or ''di Ottavilla''. Entrance is next to the small ''Museo di S. Pancrazio'' with fragments of sculpture and pagan and early Christian inscriptions.<ref name="Touring Club Italiano 1965 p. 455"/>
Below the church there are huge [[catacomb]]s, the ''[[Catacomb of San Pancrazio]]'' or ''di Ottavilla''. Entrance is next to the small ''Museo di S. Pancrazio'' with fragments of sculpture and pagan and early Christian inscriptions.<ref name="Touring Club Italiano 1965 p. 455"/>
[[File:San Pancrazio - ingresso 1536.JPG|thumb|right|Entrance avenue through the forecourt]]


==Cardinal-Priests of San Pancrazio==
==Cardinal-Priests of San Pancrazio==
The Church of S. Pancrazio was established as the titulus of a Cardinal-Priest by Pope Leo X on 6 July 1517.<ref>David M. Cheney, ''Catholic-Hierarchy:'' [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d1p04.html ''The Cardinal-Priests of S. Pancrazio''] Retrieved: 2016-03-12.</ref>
{{colbegin|3}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Ferdinando Ponzetti]] (1517-1527)
* [[Ferdinando Ponzetti]] (1517–1527)
* [[Francesco Cornaro (cardinal)|Francesco Corner]] (1528-1534)
* [[Francesco Cornaro (1478–1543)|Francesco Corner]] (1528–1534)
* [[Gian Pietro Carafa]] (1537)
* [[Gian Pietro Carafa]] (1537)
* [[Federico Cesi (cardinal)|Federico Cesi]] (1545-1550)
* [[Federico Cesi (cardinal)|Federico Cesi]] (1545–1550)
* [[Juan Álvarez de Toledo]] (1551-1553)
* [[Juan Álvarez de Toledo]] (1551–1553)
* [[Miguel da Silva]] (1553)
* [[Miguel da Silva]] (1553)
* [[Giovanni Antonio Capizucchi]] (1556-1562)
* [[Giovanni Antonio Capizucchi]] (1556–1562)
* [[Bernardo Navagero]] (1562)
* [[Bernardo Navagero]] (1562)
* [[Stanislaus Hosius]] (1562-1565)
* [[Stanislaus Hosius]] (1562–1565)
* [[Simon de Nigro Pasca]] (1565)
* [[Simone Pasqua]] (1565)
* [[Tolomeo Gallio]] (1565-1568)
* [[Tolomeo Gallio]] (1565–1568)
* [[Gianpaolo Della Chiesa]] (1568-1575)
* [[Gianpaolo Della Chiesa]] (1568–1575)
* [[Pope Clement VIII|Ippolito Aldobrandini]] (1586–1592)
* Sede vacante (1575-1586)
* [[Girolamo Mattei]] (1592–1603)
* [[Pope Clement VIII|Ippolito Aldobrandini]] (1586-1592)
* [[Girolamo Mattei]] (1592-1603)
* [[Pietro Aldobrandini]] (1604–1605)
* [[Pietro Aldobrandini]] (1604-1605)
* [[Domenico Ginnasi]] (1605–1606)
* [[Ludovico de Torres (cardinal)|Ludovico de Torres]] (1606–1609)
* [[Domenico Ginnasi]] (1605-1606)
* [[Ludovico de Torres]] (1606-1609)
* [[Gabriel Trejo y Paniagua]] (1617–1621)
* [[Cosimo de Torres]] (1623–1641)
* Sede vacante (1609-1617)
* [[Gabriel Trejo y Paniagua]] (1617-1621)
* [[Gaspare Mattei]] (1643–1648)
* [[Cosimo de Torres]] (1623-1641)
* [[Francesco Maidalchini]] (1653–1654)
* [[Gaspare Mattei]] (1643-1648)
* [[Carlo Gualterio]] (1654–1667)
* [[Giacomo Franzoni]] (1670–1673)
* Sede vacante (1648-1653)
* [[Francesco Maidalchini]] (1653-1654)
* [[Pietro Vidoni]] (1673–1681)
* [[Carlo Gualterio]] (1654-1667)
* [[Antonio Pignatelli]] (1681–1691)
* [[Giacomo Franzoni]] (1670-1673)
* [[Bandino Panciatichi]] (1691–1710)
* [[Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn]] (1721–1726)
* [[Pietro Vidoni]] (1673-1681)
* [[Antonio Pignatelli]] (1681-1691)
* [[Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti]], O.P. (1728–1738)
* [[Gioacchino Bessozzi]], O.Cist. (1743–1744)
* [[Bandino Panciatichi]] (1691-1710)
* [[Federico Marcello Lante Montefeltro Della Rovere]] (1745–1753)
* Sede vacante (1710-1721)
* [[Giuseppe Maria Feroni]] (1753–1764)
* [[Hugo Damian von Schönborn-Buchheim]] (1721-1726)
* [[Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755-1844)|Giovanni Battista Bussi]] (1824–1844)
* [[Vincenzo Ludovico Gotti]], O.P. (1728-1738)
* [[Carlo Vizzardelli]] (1848–1851)
* Sede vacante (1738-1743)
* [[Clément Villecourt]] (1855–1867)
* [[Gioacchino Bessozzi]], O.Cist. (1743-1744)
* [[Josip Mihalovic]] (1877–1891)
* [[Federico Marcello Lante Montefeltro Della Rovere]] (1745-1753)
* [[Giuseppe Maria Feroni]] (1753-1764)
* [[Francesco Ricci Paracciani ]] (1891–1894)
* [[Achille Manara]] (1895–1906)
* Sede vacante (1764-1824)
* [[Aristide Rinaldini]] (1907–1920)
* [[Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755-1844)|Giovanni Battista Bussi]] (1824-1844)
* [[Giovanni Bonzano]] (1922–1924)
* Sede vacante (1844-1848)
* [[Carlo Vizzardelli]] (1848-1851)
* [[Lorenzo Lauri]] (1927–1941)
* [[Carlos Carmelo de Vasconcelos Motta]] (1946–1982)
* [[Clément Villecourt]] (1855-1867)
* [[Josip Mihalovic]] (1877-1891)
* [[José Lebrún Moratinos]] (1983–2001)
* [[Francesco Ricci Paracciani ]] (1891-1894)
* [[Antonio Cañizares Llovera]] (2006–)
{{div col end}}
* [[Achille Manara]] (1895-1906)
* [[Aristide Rinaldini]] (1907-1920)
* [[Giovanni Bonzano]] (1922-1924)
* [[Lorenzo Lauri]] (1927-1941)
* Sede Vacante (1941-1946)
* [[Carlos Carmelo de Vasconcelos Motta]] (1946-1982)
* [[José Lebrún Moratinos]] (1983-2001)
* [[Antonio Cañizares Llovera]] (2006-)
{{colend}}


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==Bibliography==
* Richart Krautheimer, ''Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV–IX Cent.)'' Part II (Roma: 1937), pp. 153–177.
*{{Commons-inline|San Pancrazio (Roma)}}
* John Crook, ''The Architectural Setting of the Cult of Saints in the Early Christian West c. 300 – c. 1200'' (Oxford: Clarendon 2000), pp. 82–83.
* Giuseppe Burragato and Antonio Palumbo, ''Sulle orme di San Pancrazio, martire romano. Culto, basilica, catacombe'' (Morena (Roma) : Edizioni OCD, 2004).


==External links==
{{coord|41|53|06|N|12|27|14|E|dim:60_scale:600_region:IT-RM_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
* {{cite book |first=M. |last=Lucentini |title=The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City|date=31 December 2012 |isbn=9781623710088 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ}}


{{commons-inline}}
{{Sequence
| prev = [[San Nicola in Carcere]]
| list = Landmarks of Rome
| curr = San Pancrazio
| next = [[San Pietro in Vincoli]]
}}
<!-- "San Pietro in Vincoli" as the next landmark and "San Nicola in Carcere" as the previous one are taken from the navbox "Landmarks of Rome" that is placed below. A navbox is invisible in mobile view. The addition enables mobile users to click at least the next landmark or the previous one. -->
{{Monuments of Rome}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pancrazio}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pancrazio}}
[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome]]
[[Category:Basilica churches in Rome]]
[[Category:Titular churches in Rome]]
[[Category:Titular churches]]
[[Category:6th-century church buildings]]
[[Category:6th-century churches]]
[[Category:17th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy]]
[[Category:Rome Q. XII Gianicolense]]

Latest revision as of 09:48, 25 October 2024

San Pancrazio
Basilica of Saint Pancras
Basilica di San Pancrazio
Facade
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′06″N 12°27′14″E / 41.88500°N 12.45389°E / 41.88500; 12.45389
LocationPiazza di S. Pancrazio 5D, Rome
CountryItaly
Language(s)Italian
DenominationCatholic
TraditionRoman Rite
Religious orderDiscalced Carmelites
Websitesanpancrazio.org
History
Statustitular church, minor basilica
Founded5th century AD
Founder(s)Pope Symmachus
DedicationPancras of Rome
Architecture
Architectural typePaleochristian, Renaissance
Completed1849
Administration
DioceseRome
This article is about the basilica in Rome. For other places named San Pancrazio, see San Pancrazio (disambiguation).

The basilica of San Pancrazio (English: St Pancras; Latin: S. Pancratii) is a Catholic minor basilica and titular, conventual, and parish church founded by Pope Symmachus in the 6th century in Rome, Italy. It stands in via S. Pancrazio, westward beyond the Porta San Pancrazio that opens in a stretch of the Aurelian Wall on the Janiculum and covers the Catacomb of San Pancrazio. The adjacent convent was established perhaps as early as the church and has been occupied by the Discalced Carmelite since 1662.

The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Pancratii is Antonio Cañizares Llovera. Other previous titulars include Pope Paul IV (15 January – 24 September 1537) and Pope Clement VIII (18 December 1585 – 30 January 1592).

History

[edit]
Entrance avenue through the forecourt

The basilica was built by Pope Symmachus (498–514), on the place where the body of the young martyr Saint Pancras of Rome, or Pancratius, had been buried, Via Aurelia miliario secundo ('on the Via Aurelia at the second milestone'). The church was originally placed by him under the care of the clergy of the Church of S. Crisogono. Due to their neglect of the site, Pope Gregory I (590–604) handed it over to the members of the newly founded Benedictine Order after the Lombards sacked their monastery of Montecassino in 580.[1] In the seventh century Pope Honorius I (625–638) built a larger church for the increasing numbers of pilgrims; he placed the relics of the saint beneath the high altar, with a window of access from a semi-circular corridor that led behind and below the altar.[2] In the 17th century, it was given to the Discalced Carmelites, who completely remodeled it. The church underwent further rebuilding in the 19th century, having been heavily damaged during the French attack on the incipient Roman Republic in 1849; but it retains its plain brick facade of the late 15th century, with the arms of Pope Innocent VIII.[3]

Below the church there are huge catacombs, the Catacomb of San Pancrazio or di Ottavilla. Entrance is next to the small Museo di S. Pancrazio with fragments of sculpture and pagan and early Christian inscriptions.[3]

Cardinal-Priests of San Pancrazio

[edit]

The Church of S. Pancrazio was established as the titulus of a Cardinal-Priest by Pope Leo X on 6 July 1517.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matilda Webb, The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome: A Comprehensive Guide (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2001), p. 273.
  2. ^ Webb, p. 273.
  3. ^ a b Touring Club Italiano, Roma e dintorni (Milan, 1965) p. 455.
  4. ^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: The Cardinal-Priests of S. Pancrazio Retrieved: 2016-03-12.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Richart Krautheimer, Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV–IX Cent.) Part II (Roma: 1937), pp. 153–177.
  • John Crook, The Architectural Setting of the Cult of Saints in the Early Christian West c. 300 – c. 1200 (Oxford: Clarendon 2000), pp. 82–83.
  • Giuseppe Burragato and Antonio Palumbo, Sulle orme di San Pancrazio, martire romano. Culto, basilica, catacombe (Morena (Roma) : Edizioni OCD, 2004).
[edit]
  • Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City. ISBN 9781623710088.

Media related to San Pancrazio (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
San Nicola in Carcere 		Landmarks of Rome
San Pancrazio 		Succeeded by
San Pietro in Vincoli
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=San_Pancrazio&oldid=1253311439"