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{{about|the extant Manichaean text|the undiscovered canonical Manichaean scripture|The Epistles (Manichaeism)}}
'''The Fundamental Epistle''', or "Epistle of Foundation", (Latin: ''Epistola Fundamenti''), was one of the sacred writings of the [[Manichaean]] religion, written by the founder [[Mani]] (c. 210–276 CE) himself, originally in [[Syriac]]. Since none of the original Syriac writings of Manichaeism remain, we only have translations of small sections of this book, made by either Manichaeans or anti-Manichaeans. One of the most well-known references to this book is found in the writings of [[Saint Augustine]] (354-430 CE), who before converting to Christianity, was a Manichaean "hearer" for a number of years. In two of his anti-Manichaean books, he quotes a few paragraphs of the Fundamental Epistle.
{{Gnosticism}}
The '''Fundamental Epistle''' or '''Letter of Foundation''' ({{langx|la|Epistola Fundamenti}}) was one of the sacred writings of the [[Manichaean]] religion, written by the founder [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]] (c. 210–276 CE), originally in [[Syriac language|Syriac]]. According to religious scholar Timothy Pettipiece, "the exact nature of this writing's relationship with the [[Manichaean canon]] remains ambiguous".<ref>{{cite book |last=Pettipiece |first=Timothy |date=2009 |title=Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia |series="Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies" series |volume=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBywCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill Publishers |page=58 |isbn=9789047427827}}</ref> Since none of the original Syriac writings of Manichaeism remain, only translations of small sections of this book, made by either Manichaeans or anti-Manichaeans, are extant. One of the most well-known references to this book is found in the writings of [[Saint Augustine]] (354–430 CE), who, before converting to Christianity, was a Manichaean "hearer" for a number of years. In two of his anti-Manichaean books, he quotes a few paragraphs of the Fundamental Epistle.


== References ==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{Wikisourcelang|la|Epistola Fundamenti}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070408210011/http://www.sant-agostino.it/latino/index.htm Augustine's writings in Latin]
* [http://www.biblestudytools.com/history/early-church-fathers/nicene/vol-4-saint-augustin/anti-manichaean-writings/ Augustine's anti-Manichaean writings in English]
* E. Feldmann, Die “Epistula Fundamenti” der nordafrikanischen Manichäer. Versuch einer Rekonstruktion, Altenberge, 1987. (English: The "Fundamental Epistle" of the North-African Manichaeans - an attempt at its reconstruction)


{{Manichaeism footer}}
== Augustine's Quotations of the Fundamental Epistle (Original Latin) ==


[[Category:3rd-century books]]
'''Epistola Fundamenti'''
[[Category:Lost books]]
[[Category:Manichaean texts]]
[[Category:Texts in Syriac]]


{{Manichaeism-stub}}
Manichaeus apostolus Iesu Christi providentia Dei Patris.
Haec sunt salubria verba, ex perenni ac vivo fonte; quae qui audierit, et eisdem primum crediderit, deinde quae insinuant custodierit, numquam erit morti obnoxius, verum aeterna et gloriosa vita fruetur. Nam profecto beatus est iudicandus, qui hac divina instructus cognitione fuerit, per quam liberatus in sempiterna vita permanebit.

De eo igitur, frater dilectissime Pattici, de quo mihi significasti, dicens: Nosse te cupere cuiusmodi sic nativitas Adae et Evae, utrum verbo sint iidem prolati, an primogeniti ex corpore: respondebitur tibi ut congruit. Namque de his a plerisque in variis scripturis revelationibusque dissimili modo insertum atque commemoratum est. Quapropter veritas istius rei ut sese habet ab universis fere gentibus ignoratur, et ab omnibus qui etiam de hoc diu multumque disputarunt. Si enim illis super Adae et Evae generatione provenisset manifesto cognoscere, numquam corruptioni et morti subiacerent. Necessario ergo plura sunt ante commemoranda, ut ad istud mysterium sine ulla possit ambiguitate perveniri.

Unde si tibi videtur, ausculta prius quae fuerint ante constitutionem mundi, et quo pacto praelium sit agitatum, ut possis luminis seiungere naturam ac tenebrarum.

Haec quippe, in exordio fuerunt, duae substantiae a sese divisae. Et luminis quidem imperium tenebat Deus Pater, in sua sancta stirpe perpetuus, in virtute magnificus, natura ipsa verus, aeternitate propria semper exsultans, continens apud se sapientiam et sensus vitales: per quos etiam duodecim membra luminis sui comprehendit, regni videlicet proprii divitias affluentes. In unoquoque autem membrorum eius sunt recondita millia innumerabilium et immensorum thesaurorum. Ipse vero Pater in sua laude praecipuus, magnitudine incomprehensibilis, copulata habet sibi beata et gloriosa saecula, neque numero, neque prolixitate aestimanda, cum quibus idem sanctus atque illustris Pater et genitor degit, nullo in regnis eius insignibus aut indigente aut infirmo constituto. Ita autem fundata sunt eiusdem splendidissima regna supra lucidam et beatam terram, ut a nullo umquam aut moveri aut concuti possint.

Iuxta unam vero partem ac latus illustris illius ac sanctae terrae erat tenebrarum terra profunda et immensa magnitudine, in qua habitabant ignea corpora, genera scilicet pestifera. Hic infinitae tenebrae, ex eadem manantes natura inaestimabiles, cum propriis fetibus: ultra quas erant aquae coenosae ac turbidae cum suis inhabitatoribus; quarum interius venti horribiles ac vehementes cum suo principe et genitoribus. Rursum regio ignea et corruptibilis cum suis ducibus et nationibus. Pari more introrsum gens caliginis ac fumi plena, in qua morabatur immanis princeps omnium et dux, habens circa se innumerabiles principes, quorum omnium ipse erat mens atque origo: haeque fuerunt naturae quinque terrae pestiferae.

[.....]

Lucis vero beatissimae Pater, sciens labem magnam ac vastitatem quae ex tenebris surgeret, adversus sua sancta impendere saecula, nisi aliquod eximium ac praeclarum et virtute potens numen opponat, quo superet simul ac destruat stirpem tenebrarum, qua exstincta perpetua quies lucis incolis pararetur.

[.....]

Iniquis igitur commentis ad eos qui aderant ait: Quid vobis videtur maximum hoc lumen quod oritur? Intuemini quemadmodum polum movet, concutit plurimas potestates. Quapropter mihi vos potius aequum est, id quod in vestris viribus habetis luminis praerogare: sic quippe illius magni qui gloriosus apparuit, imaginem fingam, per quam regnare poterimus, tenebrarum aliquando conversatione liberati. Haec audientes, ac diu secum deliberantes, iustissimum putaverunt id quod postulabantur praebere. Nec enim fidebant se idem lumen iugiter retenturos: unde melius rati sunt principi suo id offerre, nequaquam desperantes eodem se pacto regnaturos. Quo igitur modo lumen illud quod habebant praebuerint, considerandum est. Nam hoc etiam omnibus divinis scripturis arcanisque coelestibus aspersum est: sapientibus vero quomodo sit datum scire minime est difficile: nam coram aperteque cognoscitur ab eo qui vere ac fideliter intueri voluerit. Quoniam eorum qui convenerant frequentia promiscua erat, feminarum scilicet ac masculorum, impulit eos ut inter se coirent: in quo coitu alii seminarunt, aliae gravidae effectae sunt. Erant autem partus iis qui genuerant similes, vires plurimas parentum uti primi obtinentes. Haec sumens eorum princeps uti praecipuum donum gavisus est. Et sicuti etiam nunc fieri videmus, corporum formatricem naturam mali inde vires sumentem figurare: ita etiam ante dictus princeps sodalium prolem accipiens, habentem parentum sensus, prudentiam, lucem simul secum in generatione procreatam, comedit; ac plerisque viribus sumptis ex istiusmodi esca, in qua non modo inerat fortitudo, sed multo magis astutiae et pravi sensus ex fera genitorum gente, propriam ad se coniugem evocavit, ex ea qua ipse erat stirpe manantem; et facto cum ea coitu, seminavit, ut caeteri, abundantiam malorum quae devoraverat: nonnihil etiam ipse adiiciens ex sua cogitatione ac virtute, ut esset sensus eius omnium eorum quae profuderat formator atque descriptor; cuius compar excipiebat haec, ut semen consuevit culta optime terra percipere. In eadem enim construebantur et contexebantur omnium imagines, coelestium ac terrenarum virtutum, ut pleni videlicet orbis, id quod formabatur, similitudinem obtineret.

==Sources==
* [http://www.sant-agostino.it/latino/index.htm Augustine's writings in Latin]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/ Augustine's writings in English]
* E. Feldmann, Die “Epistula Fundamenti” der nordafrikanischen Manichäer. Versuch einer Rekonstruktion, Altenberge, 1987. (English: The "Fundamental Epistle" of the North-African Manichaeans - an attempt at its reconstruction)
[[Category:Manichaean texts]]

Latest revision as of 09:54, 25 October 2024

The Fundamental Epistle or Letter of Foundation (Latin: Epistola Fundamenti) was one of the sacred writings of the Manichaean religion, written by the founder Mani (c. 210–276 CE), originally in Syriac. According to religious scholar Timothy Pettipiece, "the exact nature of this writing's relationship with the Manichaean canon remains ambiguous".[1] Since none of the original Syriac writings of Manichaeism remain, only translations of small sections of this book, made by either Manichaeans or anti-Manichaeans, are extant. One of the most well-known references to this book is found in the writings of Saint Augustine (354–430 CE), who, before converting to Christianity, was a Manichaean "hearer" for a number of years. In two of his anti-Manichaean books, he quotes a few paragraphs of the Fundamental Epistle.

References

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  1. ^ Pettipiece, Timothy (2009). Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia. "Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies" series. Vol. 66. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 9789047427827.
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