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Coordinates: 31°39′11″N 35°13′45″E / 31.65306°N 35.22917°E / 31.65306; 35.22917
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{{Short description|Israeli settlement in the West Bank}}
[[Image:Tekoa1.jpg|thumb|150px|Trilingual road sign at entrance to Tekoa]]
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
'''Tekoa''' ({{lang-he|תקוע}}) is an Israeli Jewish [[communal settlement (Israel)|communal settlement]] in the northern [[Judea]]n hills in the [[West Bank]]. Founded in 1977, the settlement is located on the top of a hill among ruins of the site of [[Tekoa (Biblical)|Biblical Tekoa]], 5 miles south of [[Bethlehem]], and near [[Herodion]] ("Herod's Palace"). The town's population consists of both [[Religious Zionist|religiously observant]] and [[Secular Jewish culture|secular]] residents, as well as many [[Aliyah#Aliyah from the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states|new immigrants from the Commonwealth of Independent States]]. Tekoa is within the municipal jurisdiction of the [[Gush Etzion Regional Council]].
{{Infobox Israel village
| settlement_type = [[Israeli settlement]]
| name = Tekoa
| image = Herodion IMG 0639.JPG
| caption = View of Tekoa from [[Herodium|Herodion]]
| image_size = 250
| hebname = {{Script/Hebrew|תְּקוֹעַ}}
| arname =
| meaning =
| founded = 1975, 1977
| founded_by = [[Nahal]]
| country =
| district = js
| council = [[Gush Etzion Regional Council|Gush Etzion]]
| affiliation =
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population = {{Israel populations|Teqoa}}
| population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}}
| area_dunam =
| area_footnotes =
| pushpin_map = Israel south wb |pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| coordinates = {{coord|31|39|11|N|35|13|45|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| website =
}}


'''Tekoa''' ({{langx|he|תְּקוֹעַ}}) is an [[Israeli settlement]] organized as a [[community settlement (Israel)|community settlement]] in the [[West Bank]], located 20&nbsp;km northeast of [[Hebron]], 16&nbsp;km south of [[Jerusalem]] and in the immediate vicinity of the Palestinian village of [[Tuqu']]. It falls under the jurisdiction of [[Gush Etzion Regional Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gush-etzion.org.il/communities.asp |title=Gush Etzion |access-date=2011-08-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905062444/http://www.gush-etzion.org.il/communities.asp |archive-date=2011-09-05 }}</ref> In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Teqoa}}.
The settlement's chief rabbi is the controversial [[Menachem Froman]], who maintains close ties with Palestinian leaders from the [[PLO]] and [[Hamas]]. Rabbi Froman teaches at the local [[hesder]] [[yeshiva]] which is headed by [[Rabbi]] [[Adin Steinsaltz]].


The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the [[Israeli system of government|Israeli government]] disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=27 September 2011 }}</ref>
⚫
The Tekoa Agro-Technology Farm, established in 1986, was named Enterprise of the Year in 1989 by the Israeli Journal of Agricultural Settlements.


==See also==
==History==
===Founding===
*[[Tuqu']]
[[File:After the rain (11257895063).jpg|right|250px|thumb|View of [[Herodium]] from Tekoa.]]
Tekoa was established in 1975 as a [[Nahal]] outpost in the vicinity of the Palestinian village of [[Tuqu']]. In 1977 it was handed over to civilian residents.<ref>[http://www.amalnet.k12.il/sites/bool/bols0510.htm Nahal settlements [Hebrew&#93;]</ref> It is named after the hometown of the [[Biblical prophet]] [[Amos (prophet)|Amos]], which is usually identified with Khirbet Tuqu' (located 3km away adjacent to the Palestinian village of [[Tuqu']]).<ref>{{cite book | author = Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations, Vol. III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford | page = 928 }}</ref>

Tekoa is built on 1071 [[dunam]] of land which, according to [[Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem|ARIJ]], Israel confiscated from the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] citizens of Tuqu'.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/bethlehem/pdfs/VP/Tuqu'_tp_en.pdf Tuqu’ Town Profile], pp. 17-18, [[Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem|ARIJ]]</ref>

The town is located 5 miles south of [[Bethlehem]] at the foot of [[Herodion]] ("Herod's Palace").

===Archaeology and landmarks===
{{see also|Tuqu'}}

Ancient caves and caves that were dug in the [[Karst|karst chalk stone]] of the Nachal Tekoa or [[Wadi Khureitun]], named after [[Chariton the Confessor]], by monks from the [[Lavra]]s of Saint Chariton and his successor [[Euthymius the Great]], are right behind Tekoa.

==Geography==
Tekoa is located {{convert|2,177|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level on a ridge surrounded on three sides by a deep canyon, Nahal Tekoa, that runs east to the [[Dead Sea]].<ref>[http://tekoa.org.il/geography.htm Tekoa geography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107091227/http://tekoa.org.il/geography.htm|date=2009-01-07}}</ref> It has a mean annual rainfall of 410mm, an average annual temperature of 17 degree Celsius, and an average annual humidity of c. 60 percent.<ref name="ARIJ">[http://vprofile.arij.org/bethlehem/pdfs/VP/Tuqu'_tp_en.pdf] "Tuqu' Town Profile", [[Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem]]. 2008. Retrieved on 2012-03-13.</ref>

==Demographics==
Tekoa is populated by a mix of [[religious Zionist]]s and [[Jewish culture|secular]] [[Israelis]]. Many [[Aliyah#From the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states|new immigrants]] from the former Soviet Union also live in Tekoa. In 2015, the population numbered 3,671.

The former chief rabbi of Tekoa, [[Menachem Froman]], a founding member of [[Gush Emunim]],<ref name=NYT-R-FromanPeace>{{cite news|last1=KERSHNER|first1=ISABEL|title=From an Israeli Settlement, a Rabbi's Unorthodox Plan for Peace|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/06/world/middleeast/06froman.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|access-date=13 August 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|issue=in print on December 6, 2008, on page A8 of the New York edition|date=December 5, 2008}}</ref> maintained close ties with [[PLO]] and [[Hamas]] leaders.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/954425.html Video of Rabbi Menachem Froman signing the Froman-Amayreh Accord]</ref> Rabbi Froman taught at the local [[hesder]] [[yeshiva]] headed by [[Rabbi]] [[Adin Steinsaltz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gush-etzion.org.il/tekoa.asp |title=Welcome to Tekoa |access-date=2010-12-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229172126/http://www.gush-etzion.org.il/tekoa.asp |archive-date=2010-12-29 }}</ref> Froman died in 2013.

==Economy==
⚫
In 1989, the Tekoa Agro-Technology Farm established in 1986 was named Enterprise of the Year by the Israeli Journal of Agricultural Settlements.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310232400/http://www.tekoafarms.co.il/index1.htm Tekoa Agro-Technology Ltd.]</ref>

==Arab-Israeli conflict==
In May 2001, two Israeli boys from Tekoa, [[Murder of Koby Mandell and Yosef Ishran|Koby Mandell and Yosef Ishran]], were killed, by unknown person(s) who were never apprehended.<ref name="mfa010509">{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Victims/Pages/In%20Memory%20of%20the%20Victims%20of%20Palestinian%20Violence%20a.aspx|title=Ya'acov (Kobi) Mandell, Yosef (Yossi) Ish-Ran, May 9, 2001 // In Memory of the Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism in Israel|publisher=mfa.gov.il|access-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=DeadlyReality>{{cite web|title=The Deadly Reality of Palestinian Rock Throwing|url=https://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/02/24/deadly-reality-palestinian-rock-throwing/|publisher=[[Israel Defense Forces]]|date=2014-02-24|access-date=20 September 2015}}</ref>

In September 2001 an Israeli was shot and killed in Tekoa when militants opened fire on her family's car.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2001/Sarit+Amrani.htm Sarit Amrani]</ref>

In February 2002, two Israelis were killed in a shooting attack near Tekoa. The [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]] claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2002/1/Avraham+Fish.htm Avraham Fish]</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2002/1/Aharon+Gorov.htm Aharon Gorov]</ref>

==Status under international law==
Like all Israeli settlements in the [[Israeli-occupied territories]], Tekoa is considered illegal under international law, though Israeli disputes this. The international community considers Israeli settlements to violate the [[Fourth Geneva Convention]]'s prohibition on the transfer of an occupying power's civilian population into occupied territory. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the Palestinian territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them.<ref name="BBC_GC4"/> This view has been rejected by the [[International Court of Justice]] and the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }} International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45</ref>

==Notable residents==
* Rabbi [[Menachem Froman]], rabbi and peace activist
* Dr. [[Stephen Wiesner]], physicist whose proposals launched the field of [[quantum information]] theory, including quantum money (which led to quantum key distribution), quantum multiplexing (the earliest example of oblivious transfer) and superdense coding
* [[Marc Zell]], lawyer.<ref name="jtadonaldtobin">{{cite news|last1=Tobin|first1=Andrew|title=Donald Trump supporters launch push for American 'swing state' votes in Israel|url=http://www.jta.org/2016/08/05/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/donald-trump-supporters-launch-push-for-american-swing-state-votes-in-israel|access-date=August 5, 2016|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=August 5, 2016|quote=Zell, a U.S.-born attorney who lives in the West Bank settlement Tekoa, was a late convert to the Trump cause, and he said most of the Republican Overseas Israel board members were, too.}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070426110735/http://tekoa.org.il/ Tekoa website]
*[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/954425.html video of Rabbi Menachem Froman signing the Froman-Amayreh Accord]
⚫
* [http://tekoa.org.il/ Town website]
* [http://www.tekoafarms.co.il/index1.htm Tekoa Agro-Technology Ltd.]


{{Gush Etzion Regional Council}}
{{Gush Etzion Regional Council}}
{{Israel-geo-stub}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫
[[Category:Settlements established in 1977]]
[[Category:Communal cities, towns and villages in Israel]]


⚫
[[Category:Populated places established in 1975]]
[[de:Tekoa]]
[[Category:Israeli settlements in the West Bank]]
[[he:תקוע]]
[[Category:Gush Etzion Regional Council]]
[[pl:Teqoa]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible cities]]
[[Category:1975 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate]]
[[Category:Community settlements]]

Latest revision as of 12:35, 25 October 2024

Tekoa
תְּקוֹעַ‎
Israeli settlement
View of Tekoa from Herodion
View of Tekoa from Herodion
Tekoa is located in the Southern West Bank
Tekoa
Tekoa
Coordinates: 31°39′11″N 35°13′45″E / 31.65306°N 35.22917°E / 31.65306; 35.22917
DistrictJudea and Samaria Area
CouncilGush Etzion
RegionWest Bank
Founded1975, 1977
Founded byNahal
Population
 (2022)[1]
4,326

Tekoa (Hebrew: תְּקוֹעַ) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank, located 20 km northeast of Hebron, 16 km south of Jerusalem and in the immediate vicinity of the Palestinian village of Tuqu'. It falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council.[2] In 2022 it had a population of 4,326.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[3]

History

Founding

View of Herodium from Tekoa.

Tekoa was established in 1975 as a Nahal outpost in the vicinity of the Palestinian village of Tuqu'. In 1977 it was handed over to civilian residents.[4] It is named after the hometown of the Biblical prophet Amos, which is usually identified with Khirbet Tuqu' (located 3km away adjacent to the Palestinian village of Tuqu').[5]

Tekoa is built on 1071 dunam of land which, according to ARIJ, Israel confiscated from the Palestinian citizens of Tuqu'.[6]

The town is located 5 miles south of Bethlehem at the foot of Herodion ("Herod's Palace").

Archaeology and landmarks

See also: Tuqu'

Ancient caves and caves that were dug in the karst chalk stone of the Nachal Tekoa or Wadi Khureitun, named after Chariton the Confessor, by monks from the Lavras of Saint Chariton and his successor Euthymius the Great, are right behind Tekoa.

Geography

Tekoa is located 2,177 feet (664 meters) above sea level on a ridge surrounded on three sides by a deep canyon, Nahal Tekoa, that runs east to the Dead Sea.[7] It has a mean annual rainfall of 410mm, an average annual temperature of 17 degree Celsius, and an average annual humidity of c. 60 percent.[8]

Demographics

Tekoa is populated by a mix of religious Zionists and secular Israelis. Many new immigrants from the former Soviet Union also live in Tekoa. In 2015, the population numbered 3,671.

The former chief rabbi of Tekoa, Menachem Froman, a founding member of Gush Emunim,[9] maintained close ties with PLO and Hamas leaders.[10] Rabbi Froman taught at the local hesder yeshiva headed by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz.[11] Froman died in 2013.

Economy

In 1989, the Tekoa Agro-Technology Farm established in 1986 was named Enterprise of the Year by the Israeli Journal of Agricultural Settlements.[12]

Arab-Israeli conflict

In May 2001, two Israeli boys from Tekoa, Koby Mandell and Yosef Ishran, were killed, by unknown person(s) who were never apprehended.[13][14]

In September 2001 an Israeli was shot and killed in Tekoa when militants opened fire on her family's car.[15]

In February 2002, two Israelis were killed in a shooting attack near Tekoa. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack.[16][17]

Status under international law

Like all Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories, Tekoa is considered illegal under international law, though Israeli disputes this. The international community considers Israeli settlements to violate the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of an occupying power's civilian population into occupied territory. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the Palestinian territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them.[3] This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.[18]

Notable residents

  • Rabbi Menachem Froman, rabbi and peace activist
  • Dr. Stephen Wiesner, physicist whose proposals launched the field of quantum information theory, including quantum money (which led to quantum key distribution), quantum multiplexing (the earliest example of oblivious transfer) and superdense coding
  • Marc Zell, lawyer.[19]

References

  1. ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. ^ "Gush Etzion". Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  3. ^ a b "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  4. ^ Nahal settlements [Hebrew]
  5. ^ Claudine Dauphin (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations, Vol. III : Catalogue. BAR International Series 726. Oxford: Archeopress. p. 928.
  6. ^ Tuqu’ Town Profile, pp. 17-18, ARIJ
  7. ^ Tekoa geography Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ [1] "Tuqu' Town Profile", Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem. 2008. Retrieved on 2012-03-13.
  9. ^ KERSHNER, ISABEL (December 5, 2008). "From an Israeli Settlement, a Rabbi's Unorthodox Plan for Peace". The New York Times. No. in print on December 6, 2008, on page A8 of the New York edition. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  10. ^ Video of Rabbi Menachem Froman signing the Froman-Amayreh Accord
  11. ^ "Welcome to Tekoa". Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
  12. ^ Tekoa Agro-Technology Ltd.
  13. ^ "Ya'acov (Kobi) Mandell, Yosef (Yossi) Ish-Ran, May 9, 2001 // In Memory of the Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism in Israel". mfa.gov.il. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  14. ^ "The Deadly Reality of Palestinian Rock Throwing". Israel Defense Forces. 2014-02-24. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  15. ^ Sarit Amrani
  16. ^ Avraham Fish
  17. ^ Aharon Gorov
  18. ^ Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Archived 2010-07-06 at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45
  19. ^ Tobin, Andrew (August 5, 2016). "Donald Trump supporters launch push for American 'swing state' votes in Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved August 5, 2016. Zell, a U.S.-born attorney who lives in the West Bank settlement Tekoa, was a late convert to the Trump cause, and he said most of the Republican Overseas Israel board members were, too.
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