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Coordinates: 31°48′30″N 35°28′33″E / 31.80833°N 35.47583°E / 31.80833; 35.47583
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{{Short description|Israeli settlement in the West Bank}}
{{Infobox Kibbutz
{{Infobox Kibbutz
|pushpin_map=Israel binyamin
|pushpin_map=Israel binyamin
|pushpin_mapsize = 250
|pushpin_mapsize = 250
|pushpin_label_position=top
|pushpin_label_position=top
|coordinates = {{coord|31|48|29.51|N|35|28|32.87|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|31|48|30|N|35|28|33|E|display=inline,title}}
|name= Beit HaArava
|name= Beit HaArava
|image= BetHaarava2.jpg
|image= BetHaarava2.jpg
|caption=
|caption=
|imgsize= 150px
|imgsize= 200px
|hebname={{Hebrew|בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה}}
|hebname={{Script/Hebrew|בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה}}
|arname=
|arname=
|stdHeb=
|stdHeb=
|altOffSp=
|altOffSp=
|altUnoSp=
|altUnoSp=
|meaning= House of the [[Arabah|Arava]]
|meaning= House of the [[Aravah|Arava]]
|foundation= 1939 (original)<br>1980 (re-establishment)
|foundation= 1939 (original)<br />1980 (re-establishment)
|founded_by= [[Youth Aliyah]] members
|founded_by= [[Youth Aliyah]] members
| country =
|district= js
|district= js
|council= [[Megilot Regional Council|Megilot]]
|council= [[Megilot Regional Council|Megilot]]
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}}
}}


'''Beit HaArava''' ({{lang-he-n|בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה}}, lit. ''House of the [[Arabah|Arava]]'') is an [[Israeli settlement]] and [[kibbutz]] in the [[West Bank]]. Located near the [[Dead Sea]] and [[Jericho]] at the eponymous Beit HaArava Junction, the intersection of [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]] and [[Highway 90 (Israel)|Highway 90]], it falls under the jurisdiction of [[Megilot Regional Council]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Bet Haarava}}.
'''Beit HaArava''' ({{langx|he|בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה|lit=House of the [[Arabah]]}}) is an [[Israeli settlement]] and [[kibbutz]] in the [[West Bank]]. Located near the [[Dead Sea]] and [[Jericho]] at the eponymous Beit HaArava Junction, the intersection of [[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]] and [[Highway 90 (Israel–Palestine)|Highway 90]], it falls under the jurisdiction of [[Megilot Regional Council]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Bet Haarava}}.


The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
The village was originally established in 1939 by European members of [[Zionist youth movement]]s who had fled [[Nazi Germany]] to [[Mandatory Palestine]] via [[Youth Aliyah]].<ref name="ynet">{{cite web|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3083822,00.html|title=Beit HaArava: Blooming in the salty earth|date=2005-05-13|accessdate=2008-05-16|publisher=[[Ynet]]|language=he}}</ref> [[David Coren]], later a member of the [[Knesset]], was also amongst the founders. It was named after the biblical village of the same name allocated to the [[tribe of Benjamin]] ({{bibleverse||Joshua|18:22|NKJV}}), located in the [[Arabah]] plain, and means "House in the Desert".<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=18}}</ref> According to the [[Jewish National Fund]], the Kibbutz became famous for its experiments in [[land reclamation]], the residents reclaiming land that had never been previously cultivated.<ref name="JNF 1948" />
The village was originally established in 1939 by European members of [[Zionist youth movement]]s who had fled [[Nazi Germany]] to [[Mandatory Palestine]] via [[Youth Aliyah]].<ref name="ynet">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3083822,00.html|title=Beit HaArava: Blooming in the salty earth|date=2005-05-13|accessdate=2008-05-16|newspaper=[[Ynet]]|language=he}}</ref> [[David Coren]], later a member of the [[Knesset]], was also amongst the founders. It was named after the biblical village of the same name allocated to the [[tribe of Benjamin]] ({{bibleverse||Joshua|18:22|NKJV}}), located in the [[Arabah]] plain, and means "House in the Desert".<ref name="JNF 1948">{{cite book | title=Jewish Villages in Israel | author=Jewish National Fund | year=1949 | publisher=Hamadpis Liphshitz Press | location=Jerusalem | page=18}}</ref> According to the [[Jewish National Fund]], the Kibbutz became famous for its experiments in [[land reclamation]], the residents reclaiming land that had never been previously cultivated.<ref name="JNF 1948" /> Kibbutz-movement historian [[Zvi Dror]] published a history of the founding of Beit HaArava in 1994, entitled ''Shutfut Bema'aseh Habria (literally, "Participating in the Act of Creation").<ref name="ShapiroReview">{{cite news |last1=Shapiro |first1=Sraya |title=THE MEN WHO DARED: SETTLERS OF BEIT HA'ARAVA (book review)|publisher=Jerusalem Post |date=13 March 1994}}</ref>
[[File:Beit Ha'avra.jpg|thumb|Working the fish ponds at Beit Ha'arva. 1940s]]
[[File:Beit Ha'avra.jpg|thumb|Working the fish ponds at Beit Ha'arva. 1940s]]
In 1947, Beit HaArava had a population of over 200.<ref name="JNF 1948" /> On 20 May 1948, after a failure to reach an agreement with [[Jordan|Transjordan]]'s King [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]], Beit HaArava and the nearby [[Kalia, West Bank|Kalia]] were abandoned due to their isolation during the fighting of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. The residents of the villages evacuated to the Israeli post at [[Mount Sodom|Sodom]].<ref name="carta">{{Cite book|title=Carta's Atlas of Israel - The First Years 1948-1961|editor=Nur, Eviatar|year=1978|location=[[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]|publisher=Carta}}</ref> Its members were later temporarily housed in kibbutz [[Shefayim]], and ultimately split into two groups which in 1949 founded the kibbutzim of [[Gesher HaZiv]] and [[Kabri, Israel|Kabri]] in the [[Western Galilee]].
In 1947, Beit HaArava had a population of over 200.<ref name="JNF 1948" /> On 20 May 1948, after a failure to reach an agreement with [[Jordan|Transjordan]]'s King [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]], Beit HaArava and the nearby [[Kalya]] were abandoned due to their isolation during the fighting of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. The residents of the villages evacuated to the Israeli post at [[Mount Sodom|Sodom]].<ref name="carta">{{Cite book|title=Carta's Atlas of Israel - The First Years 1948-1961|editor=Nur, Eviatar|year=1978|location=[[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]|publisher=Carta}}</ref> Its members were later temporarily housed in kibbutz [[Shefayim]], and ultimately split into two groups which in 1949 founded the kibbutzim of [[Gesher HaZiv]] and [[Kabri, Israel|Kabri]] in the [[Western Galilee]].


⚫
According to [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem|ARIJ]], in 1980 Israel expropriated 506 [[dunam]]s of land from the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] site of [[Nabi Musa]] in order to expand construction at Beit HaArava.<ref name=ARIJ7>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113352/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/pdfs/vprofile/An_Nabi_Musa_FINAL.pdf An Nabi Musa Locality Profile], ARIJ, p. 7</ref>


⚫
In 1980, Beit HaArava was re-established as a [[Nahal]] outpost. It became a civilian community in 1986. In 2000, the site of village moved 5 kilometres westwards. Today Beit HaArava has 70 families, 30 of them members of the kibbutz, numbering approximately 400 people, with an increase of 36,5% in 2019 being the fastest growing municipality in the whole of Israel.<ref>israel today, April 2020, p.42</ref>
⚫
According to [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem|ARIJ]], in 1980 Israel confiscated 506 [[dunam]]s of land from the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] site of [[Nabi Musa]] in order to construct Beit HaArava.<ref name=ARIJ7>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113352/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/pdfs/vprofile/An_Nabi_Musa_FINAL.pdf An Nabi Musa Locality Profile], ARIJ, p. 7</ref>

⚫
In 1980, Beit HaArava was re-established as a [[Nahal]] outpost. It became a civilian community in 1986. In 2000, the site of village moved 5 kilometres westwards. Today Beit HaArava has 40 families, 30 of them members of the kibbutz, numbering approximately 150 people.{{cn}}


==Economy==
==Economy==
The world's largest operating [[solar pond]] for electricity generation was the Beit HaArava pond, which was operated until 1988. The pond had an area of 210,000 m² and produced an electrical output of 5 MW.<ref>{{cite web |author=Solar Ponds |url=http://www.solarthermalmagazine.com/learn-more/solar-ponds/ |title=Solar Ponds, Solar Thermal Magazine |publisher=Solarthermalmagazine.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322144918/http://www.solarthermalmagazine.com/learn-more/solar-ponds/ |archivedate=2012-03-22 |df= }}</ref>
The world's largest operating [[solar pond]] for electricity generation was the Beit HaArava pond, which was operated until 1988. The pond had an area of 210,000 m² or 40,000 m²<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nsnVDAAAQBAJ&dq=Beit+HaArava+pond&pg=PA255 | title=RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume II | date=19 September 2010 | publisher=EOLSS Publications | isbn=9781848264304 }}</ref> When using a pond of surface area of 1.5 km² this would have generated 5 MWe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haj Khalil |first1=R. A. |last2=Jubran |first2=B. A. |last3=Faqir |first3=N. M. |date=1997 |title=Optimization of solar pond electrical power generation system |journal=Energy Conversion and Management |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=787–798 |doi=10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00086-6}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category|Beit Ha'arava}}
{{Commons category|Beit Ha'arava}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Jewish villages depopulated during the Israeli War of Independence}}
{{Jewish villages depopulated during the Israeli War of Independence}}
{{Megilot}}
{{Megilot}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Community settlements (Israel)]]
[[Category:Community settlements]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible places]]
[[Category:Israeli settlements in the West Bank]]
[[Category:West Bank]]
[[Category:Judea and Samaria Area]]
[[Category:Kibbutzim]]
[[Category:Kibbutzim]]
[[Category:Kibbutz Movement]]
[[Category:Kibbutz Movement]]
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[[Category:1939 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:1939 establishments in Mandatory Palestine]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in the Israeli Military Governorate]]
[[Category:German-Jewish culture in Israel]]

Latest revision as of 13:40, 25 October 2024

Beit HaArava
בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה‎
Etymology: House of the Arava
Beit HaArava is located in the Central West Bank
Beit HaArava
Beit HaArava
Coordinates: 31°48′30″N 35°28′33″E / 31.80833°N 35.47583°E / 31.80833; 35.47583
DistrictJudea and Samaria Area
CouncilMegilot
RegionWest Bank
Founded1939 (original)
1980 (re-establishment)
Founded byYouth Aliyah members
Population
 (2022)[1]
508

Beit HaArava (Hebrew: בֵּית הָעֲרָבָה, lit. 'House of the Arabah') is an Israeli settlement and kibbutz in the West Bank. Located near the Dead Sea and Jericho at the eponymous Beit HaArava Junction, the intersection of Highway 1 and Highway 90, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megilot Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 508.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[2]

History

[edit]

The village was originally established in 1939 by European members of Zionist youth movements who had fled Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine via Youth Aliyah.[3] David Coren, later a member of the Knesset, was also amongst the founders. It was named after the biblical village of the same name allocated to the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 18:22), located in the Arabah plain, and means "House in the Desert".[4] According to the Jewish National Fund, the Kibbutz became famous for its experiments in land reclamation, the residents reclaiming land that had never been previously cultivated.[4] Kibbutz-movement historian Zvi Dror published a history of the founding of Beit HaArava in 1994, entitled Shutfut Bema'aseh Habria (literally, "Participating in the Act of Creation").[5]

Working the fish ponds at Beit Ha'arva. 1940s

In 1947, Beit HaArava had a population of over 200.[4] On 20 May 1948, after a failure to reach an agreement with Transjordan's King Abdullah, Beit HaArava and the nearby Kalya were abandoned due to their isolation during the fighting of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The residents of the villages evacuated to the Israeli post at Sodom.[6] Its members were later temporarily housed in kibbutz Shefayim, and ultimately split into two groups which in 1949 founded the kibbutzim of Gesher HaZiv and Kabri in the Western Galilee.

According to ARIJ, in 1980 Israel expropriated 506 dunams of land from the Palestinian site of Nabi Musa in order to expand construction at Beit HaArava.[7]

In 1980, Beit HaArava was re-established as a Nahal outpost. It became a civilian community in 1986. In 2000, the site of village moved 5 kilometres westwards. Today Beit HaArava has 70 families, 30 of them members of the kibbutz, numbering approximately 400 people, with an increase of 36,5% in 2019 being the fastest growing municipality in the whole of Israel.[8]

Economy

[edit]

The world's largest operating solar pond for electricity generation was the Beit HaArava pond, which was operated until 1988. The pond had an area of 210,000 m² or 40,000 m²[9] When using a pond of surface area of 1.5 km² this would have generated 5 MWe.[10]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beit Ha'arava.
  1. ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  3. ^ "Beit HaArava: Blooming in the salty earth". Ynet (in Hebrew). 2005-05-13. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  4. ^ a b c Jewish National Fund (1949). Jewish Villages in Israel. Jerusalem: Hamadpis Liphshitz Press. p. 18.
  5. ^ Shapiro, Sraya (13 March 1994). "THE MEN WHO DARED: SETTLERS OF BEIT HA'ARAVA (book review)". Jerusalem Post.
  6. ^ Nur, Eviatar, ed. (1978). Carta's Atlas of Israel - The First Years 1948-1961. Jerusalem, Israel: Carta.
  7. ^ An Nabi Musa Locality Profile, ARIJ, p. 7
  8. ^ israel today, April 2020, p.42
  9. ^ RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND DESALINATION - Volume II. EOLSS Publications. 19 September 2010. ISBN 9781848264304.
  10. ^ Haj Khalil, R. A.; Jubran, B. A.; Faqir, N. M. (1997). "Optimization of solar pond electrical power generation system". Energy Conversion and Management. 38 (8): 787–798. doi:10.1016/S0196-8904(96)00086-6.
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