Chief of the General Staff (Israel): Difference between revisions

Chief of the General Staff
Chief of the General Staff
ראש המטה הכללי‎
	Flag of the Chief of the General Staff
	Incumbent; Rav Aluf Herzi Halevi; since 16 January 2023
	Ministry of Defense
Abbreviation	Ramatkal
Member of	General Staff
Reports to	Minister of Defense
Seat	Rabin Camp, HaKirya, Tel Aviv
Nominator	Minister of Defense
Appointer	Cabinet of Israel
Term length	3 years;; can be extended by 1 year
Formation	1 June 1947; 77 years ago
First holder	Rav Aluf Yaakov Dori
Deputy	Deputy Chief

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The Chief of the General Staff, also known as the Commander-in-Chief of the Israel Defense Forces (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַמַּטֶּה הַכְּלָלִי, romanized: Rosh hamateh haklali, abbreviated Ramatkal—רמטכ"ל‎), is the professional head of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). The current Chief of the General Staff is Herzi Halevi.

At any given time, the Chief of the General Staff is the only active officer holding the IDF's highest rank, rav aluf (רַב־אַלּוּף‎), which is usually translated into English as lieutenant general, a three-star rank. The only exception to this rule occurred during the Yom Kippur War, when former Chief of the General Staff Haim Bar-Lev, who was a cabinet member at the outbreak of and during the war, was brought out of retirement and installed as chief of Southern Command.^[1] For a brief period, he and Chief of the General Staff David Elazar were both in active service with the rank of rav aluf.

History

The role of the Chief of the General Staff began with the Haganah organization, where it was named after the head of the general staff of the Haganah. With the establishment of the IDF, the Chief of Defense and the Chief of Staff, headed by Yaakov Dori, were converted to head the IDF.^[2]

The chief of the general staff is officially appointed for a three-year term, which can be extended for another year. An exception was Rafael Eitan, whose term was extended twice, and he served a total of five years.^[3] On the other hand, there were several chiefs of staff who did not complete their full term: Yigal Yadin resigned amid disagreements over the IDF budget,^[4] Mordechai Maklef served for only one year at his request,^[5] David Elazar was forced to resign following the recommendations of the Agranat Commission investigating the Yom Kippur War,^[6] and Dan Halutz resigned due to criticism of the Second Lebanon War.^[7] Also, two chiefs of staff have given up part of their tenure extension: Amnon Lipkin-Shahak wanted to end his term in the middle of the fourth year, due to his desire to move into politics and run for prime minister. Haim Laskov asked not to serve a fourth year due to his disagreements with Shimon Peres.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, Ariel Sharon and Shaul Mofaz did not extend Moshe Ya'alon's term to a fourth year,^[8] during which he was interpreted as a dismissal in light of Ya'alon's opposition to the disengagement plan. In order to prevent such problems in the future, and as was done for other positions such as that of the President of the State, Defense Minister Amir Peretz appointed Major General Gabi Ashkenazi in 2007 for a period of four years, thus removing the uncertainty regarding the addition of the fourth year. Ashkenazi raised the issue of extending his term to a fifth year.^[9]

At the end of his term, the Chief of the General Staff (like other senior members of the Israeli defense establishment) has a cooling-off period of three years before he can be elected a Member of the Knesset, be appointed a Minister in the Government or be elected Prime Minister.^{[citation needed]}

Legal position

The position of ramatkal is defined in the Basic Law: The Military (1976), clause three:^[10]

The supreme command rank in the military is that of the Chief of the General Staff
The Chief of the General Staff is to be placed under the authority of the government and subordinate to the Defense Minister
The Chief of the General Staff is to be appointed by the government, according to the recommendation of the Defense Minister

The Chief of the General Staff is formally appointed once every three years, with the government often extending the term to four years, and in one occasion, even five.

Significance

Given the importance of the IDF in Israeli society, the Chief of the General Staff is an important public figure in Israel. On appointment of a new Chief of the General Staff, mass-circulation papers such as Yedioth Ahronoth and Israel Hayom customarily provide their readers with large-scale portrait photos of the new Chief. Former Chiefs of the General Staff often parlay the prominence of their position into political life, and sometimes the business world.^{[citation needed]} Two Chiefs of the General Staff (Yitzhak Rabin and Ehud Barak) have become Prime Minister of Israel^[11]^[12] and eleven others (Yigael Yadin, Moshe Dayan, Tzvi Tzur, Haim Bar-Lev, Mordechai Gur, Rafael Eitan, Amnon Lipkin-Shahak, Shaul Mofaz, Moshe Ya'alon, Gabi Ashkenazi, and Benny Gantz) have served in the Knesset.^[13] Of these, only Tzur did not get appointed to the Cabinet.

Six former Chiefs of the General Staff (Dayan, Rabin, Barak, Mofaz, Ya'alon, and Gantz) held the position of Defense Minister, widely considered to be one of the most powerful ministerial posts in the country and the immediate civilian superior of the Chief of the General Staff.^{[citation needed]} Moshe Dayan served also as Foreign Minister. Soon after his discharge, Dan Halutz became the CEO of a car importer.^[14] Ehud Barak took a hiatus from politics twice after defeats for re-election and pursued international business ventures.^{[citation needed]}

List of Chiefs of the General Staff

The Chiefs of the General Staff have been:

No.	Chief of the General Staff	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Ref.
1	Dori, YaakovYaakov Dori (1899–1973)	1 June 1947	9 November 1949	2 years, 161 days	^[15]^[2]
2	Yadin, YigaelYigael Yadin (1917–1984)	9 November 1949	7 December 1952	3 years, 28 days	^[15]^[4]
3	Maklef, MordechaiMordechai Maklef (1920–1978)	7 December 1952	6 December 1953	364 days	^[15]^[5]
4	Dayan, MosheMoshe Dayan (1915–1981)	6 December 1953	29 January 1958	4 years, 54 days	^[15]^[16]
5	Laskov, HaimHaim Laskov (1919–1982)	29 January 1958	1 January 1961	2 years, 338 days	^[15]^[17]
6	Tzur, TzviTzvi Tzur (1923–2004)	1 January 1961	1 January 1964	3 years, 0 days	^[15]^[18]
7	Rabin, YitzhakYitzhak Rabin (1922–1995)	1 January 1964	1 January 1968	4 years, 0 days	^[15]^[11]
8	Bar-Lev, HaimHaim Bar-Lev (1924–1994)	1 January 1968	1 January 1972	4 years, 0 days	^[15]^[1]
9	Elazar, DavidDavid Elazar (1925–1976)	1 January 1972	3 April 1974	2 years, 92 days	^[15]^[6]
–	Hofi, YitzhakYitzhak Hofi (1927–2014) Acting	3 April 1974	16 April 1974	13 days	^[15]
10	Gur, MordechaiMordechai Gur (1930–1995)	16 April 1974	16 April 1978	4 years, 0 days	^[15]
11	Eitan, RafaelRafael Eitan (1929–2004)	16 April 1978	19 April 1983	5 years, 3 days	^[15]
12	Levi, MosheMoshe Levi (1936–2008)	19 April 1983	19 April 1987	4 years, 0 days	^[15]
13	Shomron, DanDan Shomron (1937–2008)	19 April 1987	1 April 1991	3 years, 347 days	^[15]
14	Barak, EhudEhud Barak (born 1942)	1 April 1991	1 January 1995	3 years, 275 days	^[15]^[12]
15	Lipkin-Shahak, AmnonAmnon Lipkin-Shahak (1944–2012)	1 January 1995	9 July 1998	3 years, 189 days	^[15]
16	Mofaz, ShaulShaul Mofaz (born 1948)	9 July 1998	9 July 2002	4 years, 0 days	^[15]
17	Ya'alon, MosheMoshe Ya'alon (born 1950)	9 July 2002	1 June 2005	2 years, 327 days	^[15]
18	Halutz, DanDan Halutz (born 1948)	1 June 2005	14 February 2007	1 year, 258 days	^[15]
19	Ashkenazi, GabiGabi Ashkenazi (born 1954)	14 February 2007	14 February 2011	4 years, 0 days	^[15]
20	Gantz, BennyBenny Gantz (born 1959)	14 February 2011	16 February 2015	4 years, 2 days	^[15]^[19]
21	Eizenkot, GadiGadi Eizenkot (born 1960)	16 February 2015	15 January 2019	3 years, 333 days	^[15]^[20]
22	Kohavi, AvivAviv Kohavi (born 1964)	15 January 2019	16 January 2023	4 years, 1 day	^[21]
23	Halevi, HerziHerzi Halevi (born 1967)	16 January 2023	Incumbent	1 year, 311 days	^[22]