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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Short description|Ukrainian activist (1925–2012)}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mykola Plaviuk<br /><small>Микола Плав'юк</small>
| name = Mykola Plaviuk
| image = 026 k.jpg
| image = 026 k.jpg
| order = 4th [[President of Ukraine (in exile)|President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile]]
| order = 4th [[President of Ukraine (in exile)|President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile]]
| term_start = December 8, 1989
| term_start = 8 December 1989{{fact|date=January 2024}}
| term_end = August 22, 1992
| term_end = 22 August 1992
| predecessor = [[Mykola Livytskyi]]
| predecessor = [[Mykola Livytskyi]]
| successor = [[Leonid Kravchuk]] <small>(domiciled)</small>{{smallsup|1}}
| successor = [[Leonid Kravchuk]] (domiciled){{sup|1}}
| order2 = [[Ukrainian World Congress|President of the UWC]]
| order2 = 4th President of the [[Ukrainian World Congress|World Congress of Free Ukrainians]]
| term_start2 = 1978
| term_start2 = 1978
| term_end2 = 1981
| term_end2 = 1981
| predecessor2 = Vasyl Kushnir
| predecessor2 = [[Wasyl Kushnir]]
| successor2 = Ivan Bazarko
| successor2 = [[Ivan Bazarko]]
| order3 = [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|Leader of the OUN]]
| order3 = Leader of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]]
| term_start3 = 1981
| term_start3 = 1979
| term_end3 = 2012
| term_end3 = 2012
| predecessor3 = D. Kvitkovskyi
| predecessor3 = [[Denys Kvitkovskyi]]
| successor3 = incumbent
| successor3 = [[Bohdan Chervak]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|06|05}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|06|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = Rusiv, Poland (now [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] in [[Ukraine]])
| birth_place = Rusów, [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]<br/>(now [[Rusiv]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]], [[Ukraine]])
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|03|10|1925|06|05|df=y}}
| birthname =
| death_place = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|03|10|1925|06|05}}
| death_place = [[Hamilton, Ontario]]
| nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]
| nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]
| party = [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]]
| party = [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists|OUN]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Munich]]<br />[[Concordia University]]
| awards = {{Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class}}<br/>{{Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 2nd class}}<br/>{{Order of Merit 3rd Class of Ukraine}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Munich]]<br />[[Concordia University]]
| spouse =
| spouse =
| footnotes ={{smallsup|1}}Plaviuk terminated his authority as President of the Ukrainian People's Republic on August 22, 1992 when he formally ceded his authority to the first President of Ukraine [[Leonid Kravchuk]].
| footnotes = {{smallsup|1}}Plaviuk terminated his authority as President of the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 August 1992 when he formally ceded his authority to the first President of Ukraine [[Leonid Kravchuk]].
| native_name_lang = uk
| native_name = {{nobold|Микола Плав'юк}}
| caption = Plaviuk in 2009
}}
}}


'''Mykola Vasyliovych Plaviuk''' ({{lang-uk|Микола Васильович Плав'юк}}; June 5, 1925 – March 10, 2012) was a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] social and political activist in emigration, who served as the last [[President of Ukraine#History of the presidency|President of the Ukrainian People's Republic]] in exile. He terminated his authority on August 22, 1992, when he formally ceded his authority to the first [[President of Ukraine|President of independent Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]].
'''Mykola Vasyliovych Plaviuk''' ({{langx|uk|Микола Васильович Плав'юк}}; 5 June 1925 – 10 March 2012) was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] social and [[political activist]] in emigration, who served as the last [[President of Ukraine (in exile)|President of the Ukrainian People's Republic]] in exile. He terminated his authority on 22 August 1992, when he formally ceded his authority to the first [[President of Ukraine|President of independent Ukraine]], [[Leonid Kravchuk]].


==Early life and education==
==Biography==
Mykola Plaviuk was born on June 5, 1925 in the village of Rusiv in Poland (now part of [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] in independent Ukraine).<ref name=Den1032012/> During World War II, Mykola became active in the [[Plast]] scouting movement in western Ukraine, which provided training after which many youth subsequently joined the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Viktor|last=Verbych|title=Last President|url=http://www.simya.com.ua/articles/3/1430/12/|publisher=Gazeta "Simya i dim"|accessdate=2008-12-30|language=Ukrainian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plast.org.ua/news?newsid=2177&dest=printer|script-title=uk:Микола Плав'юк: "Май амбіцію не бути пересічним..."|accessdate=2008-12-30|last=Dukh|first=Yarema|date=2008-04-09|work=[[Plast]]|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131732/http://www.plast.org.ua/news?newsid=2177&dest=printer|archivedate=2011-07-23}}</ref> After the war, he fled to Germany<ref name=UNIAN1032012/> where he received a diploma from the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|University of Munich]] in economics.<ref name=Den1032012/> He emigrated to [[Montreal]] in Canada in 1949 where he became an active member of the [[Ukrainian Canadian|Ukrainian diaspora]] in Canada.<ref name=Den1032012/> In 1954 he graduated from [[Concordia University]].<ref name=Den1032012/>
Mykola Plaviuk was born on 5 June 1925 in the village of Rusów in Poland (now [[Rusiv]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]], in independent Ukraine).<ref name=Den1032012/> During World War II, Mykola became active in the [[Plast]] scouting movement in western Ukraine, which provided training after which many youth subsequently joined the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Viktor|last=Verbych|title=Last President|url=http://www.simya.com.ua/articles/3/1430/12/|publisher=Gazeta "Simya i dim"|accessdate=2008-12-30|language=Ukrainian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025437/http://www.simya.com.ua/articles/3/1430/12/|archive-date=2011-07-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plast.org.ua/news?newsid=2177&dest=printer|script-title=uk:Микола Плав'юк: "Май амбіцію не бути пересічним..."|accessdate=2008-12-30|last=Dukh|first=Yarema|date=2008-04-09|work=[[Plast]]|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131732/http://www.plast.org.ua/news?newsid=2177&dest=printer|archivedate=2011-07-23}}</ref> After the war, he fled to Germany<ref name=UNIAN1032012/> where he received a diploma from the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|University of Munich]] in economics.<ref name=Den1032012/> He emigrated to [[Montreal]] in Canada in 1949 where he became an active member of the [[Ukrainian Canadian|Ukrainian diaspora]] in Canada.<ref name=Den1032012/> In 1954 he graduated from [[Concordia University]].<ref name=Den1032012/>


== Career ==
Prior to the proclamation of an independent Ukrainian state in 1991, parallel to his professional career, Mykola Plaviuk held prominent positions in Ukrainian diaspora community/political institutions: President of the [[Ukrainian National Federation of Canada]] (1956–66); Vice-President of the [[Ukrainian Canadian Congress]] (1966–71); senior Plast Ukrainian scout leader; initiator and chief organizer responsible for the establishment in 1967 of the [[World Congress of Free Ukrainians]] (WCFU) in New York; Secretary General of the WCFU (1973–76);
Prior to the proclamation of an independent Ukrainian state in 1991, parallel to his professional career, Mykola Plaviuk held prominent positions in Ukrainian diaspora community/political institutions: president of the [[Ukrainian National Federation of Canada]] (1956–66); vice-president of the [[Ukrainian Canadian Congress]] (1966–71); senior Plast Ukrainian scout leader; initiator and chief organizer responsible for the establishment in 1967 of the [[World Congress of Free Ukrainians]] (WCFU) in New York; secretary general of the WCFU (1973–76);
1st Vice-President of the WCFU (1976–78); President of the WCFU (1978–80); elected Leader of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] in 1979; in June 1988 elected Vice-President of the [[Ukrainian National Republic]] (UNR) in Exile.
1st vice-president of the WCFU (1976–78); president of the WCFU (1978–80); elected leader of the [[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]] in 1979; in June 1988 elected vice-president of the [[Ukrainian National Republic]] (UNR) in Exile.


After death of incumbent President [[Mykola Livytskyi]], Plaviuk became his successor,<ref name=UNIAN1032012/> serving from December 8, 1989{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} to 1992. During a ceremonious session of the [[Verkhovna Rada]] on August 22, 1992 in [[Kyiv]], Mykola Plaviuk formally ceded his authority and the activity of the UNR to the first President of independent Ukraine, [[Leonid Kravchuk]], who was [[1991 Ukrainian presidential election|elected in 1991]].<ref name="ukr"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/visnyk/uvkr-2002/august/gr-ukr.html|title=10 years since the Government center of the UNR in exile gave to the free and sovereign Ukraine the symbols of government authority. This establishes that Ukraine is the legal successor to the Ukrainian National Republic. This action was proclaimed by the former President of the UNR in exile Mykola Plaviuk|accessdate=2008-12-18|work=Visnyka UVKR|publisher=Ukrainian World Coordination Council|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727114824/http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/visnyk/uvkr-2002/august/gr-ukr.html|archivedate=2011-07-27}}</ref> In his declaration, Plaviuk proclaimed that the current Ukrainian state is the lawful successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic and a continuation of its authority and state traditions.<ref name="ukr"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Mykhailo|last=Rol|title=Tenth President|url=http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/352/264/12716/|publisher=Ukrayina Moloda|accessdate=2008-12-30|language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
After death of incumbent president [[Mykola Livytskyi]], Plaviuk became his successor,<ref name=UNIAN1032012/> serving from 8 December 1989{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} to 1992. During a ceremonious session of the [[Verkhovna Rada]] on 22 August 1992 in [[Kyiv]], Mykola Plaviuk formally ceded his authority and the activity of the UNR to the first president of independent Ukraine, [[Leonid Kravchuk]], who was [[1991 Ukrainian presidential election|elected in 1991]].<ref name="Plaviuk163058UPR"/><ref name="ukr"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/visnyk/uvkr-2002/august/gr-ukr.html|title=10 years since the Government center of the UNR in exile gave to the free and sovereign Ukraine the symbols of government authority. This establishes that Ukraine is the legal successor to the Ukrainian National Republic. This action was proclaimed by the former President of the UNR in exile Mykola Plaviuk|accessdate=2008-12-18|work=Visnyka UVKR|publisher=Ukrainian World Coordination Council|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727114824/http://www.uvkr.com.ua/ua/visnyk/uvkr-2002/august/gr-ukr.html|archivedate=2011-07-27}}</ref> In his declaration, Plaviuk proclaimed that the current Ukrainian state is the lawful successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic and a continuation of its authority and state traditions.<ref name="ukr"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Mykhailo|last=Rol|title=Tenth President|url=http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/352/264/12716/|publisher=Ukrayina Moloda|accessdate=2008-12-30|language=Ukrainian}}</ref><ref name="Plaviuk163058UPR">{{Cite web|date=22 August 2023|title=Ukraine is the legal successor of the Ukrainian People's Republic|url=https://www.istpravda.com.ua/columns/2023/08/22/163058/|access-date=22 August 2023|website=[[Istorychna Pravda]] |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|According to [[Ukrainian law]] current Ukraine is the [[successor state]] of the [[Ukrainian SSR]] that was part of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="Plaviuk163058UPR"/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BNUtdVrw6lIC&dq=16+July+1991+Ukrainian+state+sovereignty.&pg=PA722 A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407100810/https://books.google.com/books?id=BNUtdVrw6lIC&dq=16+July+1991+Ukrainian+state+sovereignty.&pg=PA722 |date=7 April 2023 }} by [[Paul Robert Magocsi]], [[University of Toronto Press]], 2010, {{ISBN|1442610212}} (page 563/564 & 722/723)</ref>|group=nb}}


At a specially convened session of the Parliament of Ukraine in Kyiv on August 22, 1992, Mykola Plaviuk formally ceded his mandate, along with the state attributes and documents of the UNR, to the first President of independent Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk, declaring that the restored Ukrainian state is the lawful successor to the Ukrainian National Republic.
For his achievements in Ukrainian community and political affairs in the diaspora, Mykola Plaviuk was awarded the St. Volodymyr the Great Medal by the Ukrainian World Congress, and the Taras Shevchenko Medal by the Ukrainian Canadian Congress.
For his achievements in Ukrainian community and political affairs in the diaspora, Mykola Plaviuk was awarded the St. Volodymyr the Great Medal by the Ukrainian World Congress, and the Taras Shevchenko Medal by the Ukrainian Canadian Congress.
In 1993, via extraordinary decree by President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk, Mykola Plaviuk was made a citizen of Ukraine.
In 1993, via extraordinary decree by President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk, Mykola Plaviuk was made a citizen of Ukraine.
In 1996, by presidential decree Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk the State Order of Merit, IIIrd Class "…for his personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian statehood, and his active community and humanitarian involvement…."
In 1996, by presidential decree Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk the State Order of Merit, 3rd Class "…for his personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian statehood, and his active community and humanitarian involvement…."


In 2007, through presidential decree President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st Class for his contributions as a “…public and political leader, President of the UNR in exile 1988-1992, for his selfless service
In 2007, through presidential decree President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st Class for his contributions as a “…public and political leader, President of the UNR in exile 1988-1992, for his selfless service
to the Ukrainian people, and distinguished personal achievements in the revival of Ukraine’s independence."
to the Ukrainian people, and distinguished personal achievements in the revival of Ukraine’s independence."


Mykola Plaviuk was the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists from 1981 until his death.<ref name=Den1032012/> He was married, and had two sons and two daughters.<ref name="ukr">{{cite web|url=http://presscenter.ukrinform.ua/vip_gallery.php?photo_id=143|title=Plaw'iuk Mykola Vasyl'ovych|accessdate=2008-12-18|work=VIP-gallery|publisher=presscenter.ukrinform.ua|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024023647/http://presscenter.ukrinform.ua/vip_gallery.php?photo_id=143|archivedate=2007-10-24}}</ref> Plaviuk lived in both [[Kyiv]] and Canada. He died on March 10, 2012 in [[Hamilton, Ontario]].<ref name=Den1032012>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.day.kiev.ua/3041969 Помер останній Президент УНР у екзилі Микола Плав'юк], [[Den (newspaper)|Den]] (10 March 2012)</ref><ref name=UNIAN1032012>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.unian.net/ukr/news/491055-pomer-ostanniy-prezident-unr-foto.html Помер останній президент УНР (фото)], [[UNIAN]] (12 March 2012)</ref>
Mykola Plaviuk was the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists from 1981 until his death.<ref name=Den1032012/>
== Personal life ==
He was married, and had two sons and two daughters.<ref name="ukr">{{cite web|url=http://presscenter.ukrinform.ua/vip_gallery.php?photo_id=143|title=Plaw'iuk Mykola Vasyl'ovych|accessdate=2008-12-18|work=VIP-gallery|publisher=presscenter.ukrinform.ua|language=Ukrainian|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024023647/http://presscenter.ukrinform.ua/vip_gallery.php?photo_id=143|archivedate=2007-10-24}}</ref> Plaviuk lived in both [[Kyiv]] and Canada. He died on 10 March 2012 in [[Hamilton, Ontario]].<ref name="Den1032012">{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.day.kiev.ua/3041969 Помер останній Президент УНР у екзилі Микола Плав'юк], [[Den (newspaper)|Den]] (10 March 2012)</ref><ref name="UNIAN1032012">{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.unian.net/ukr/news/491055-pomer-ostanniy-prezident-unr-foto.html Помер останній президент УНР (фото)], [[UNIAN]] (12 March 2012)</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of national leaders of Ukraine]]
* [[List of national leaders of Ukraine]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}


==References==
==References==
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{{succession box | title=[[President of Ukraine (in exile)|President of Ukraine-in-exile]] | before=[[Mykola Livytskyi]] | after = Office abolished | years=1989&ndash;1992}}
{{s-ppo}}
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{{succession box | title=[[Ukrainian World Congress|President of the Ukrainian World Congress]] | before=Vasyl Kushnir | after=Ivan Bazarko | years=1978&ndash;1981}}
{{succession box | title=[[Ukrainian World Congress|President of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians]] | before=[[Wasyl Kushnir]] | after=[[Ivan Bazarko]] | years=1978&ndash;1981}}
|-
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[[Category:2012 deaths]]
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[[Category:People from Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
[[Category:People from Stanisławów Voivodeship]]
[[Category:People from Stanisławów Voivodeship]]
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[[Category:Ukrainian politicians before 1991]]
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[[Category:Presidents of the Ukrainian People's Republic]]
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[[Category:Ukrainian nationalists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian people of Polish descent]]
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[[Category:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists members]]

Latest revision as of 14:21, 25 October 2024

Mykola Plaviuk
Микола Плав'юк
Plaviuk in 2009
4th President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile
In office
8 December 1989[citation needed] – 22 August 1992
Preceded byMykola Livytskyi
Succeeded byLeonid Kravchuk (domiciled)1
4th President of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians
In office
1978–1981
Preceded byWasyl Kushnir
Succeeded byIvan Bazarko
Leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
In office
1979–2012
Preceded byDenys Kvitkovskyi
Succeeded byBohdan Chervak
Personal details
Born(1925-06-05)5 June 1925
Rusów, Poland
(now Rusiv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine)
Died10 March 2012(2012-03-10) (aged 86)
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
NationalityUkrainian
Political partyOrganization of Ukrainian Nationalists
Alma materUniversity of Munich
Concordia University
AwardsOrder of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 2nd class
Order of Merit
1Plaviuk terminated his authority as President of the Ukrainian People's Republic on 22 August 1992 when he formally ceded his authority to the first President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk.

Mykola Vasyliovych Plaviuk (Ukrainian: Микола Васильович Плав'юк; 5 June 1925 – 10 March 2012) was a Ukrainian social and political activist in emigration, who served as the last President of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile. He terminated his authority on 22 August 1992, when he formally ceded his authority to the first President of independent Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk.

Early life and education

[edit]

Mykola Plaviuk was born on 5 June 1925 in the village of Rusów in Poland (now Rusiv, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in independent Ukraine).[1] During World War II, Mykola became active in the Plast scouting movement in western Ukraine, which provided training after which many youth subsequently joined the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.[2][3] After the war, he fled to Germany[4] where he received a diploma from the University of Munich in economics.[1] He emigrated to Montreal in Canada in 1949 where he became an active member of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada.[1] In 1954 he graduated from Concordia University.[1]

Career

[edit]

Prior to the proclamation of an independent Ukrainian state in 1991, parallel to his professional career, Mykola Plaviuk held prominent positions in Ukrainian diaspora community/political institutions: president of the Ukrainian National Federation of Canada (1956–66); vice-president of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (1966–71); senior Plast Ukrainian scout leader; initiator and chief organizer responsible for the establishment in 1967 of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians (WCFU) in New York; secretary general of the WCFU (1973–76); 1st vice-president of the WCFU (1976–78); president of the WCFU (1978–80); elected leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in 1979; in June 1988 elected vice-president of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) in Exile.

After death of incumbent president Mykola Livytskyi, Plaviuk became his successor,[4] serving from 8 December 1989[citation needed] to 1992. During a ceremonious session of the Verkhovna Rada on 22 August 1992 in Kyiv, Mykola Plaviuk formally ceded his authority and the activity of the UNR to the first president of independent Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk, who was elected in 1991.[5][6][7] In his declaration, Plaviuk proclaimed that the current Ukrainian state is the lawful successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic and a continuation of its authority and state traditions.[6][8][5][nb 1]

For his achievements in Ukrainian community and political affairs in the diaspora, Mykola Plaviuk was awarded the St. Volodymyr the Great Medal by the Ukrainian World Congress, and the Taras Shevchenko Medal by the Ukrainian Canadian Congress. In 1993, via extraordinary decree by President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk, Mykola Plaviuk was made a citizen of Ukraine. In 1996, by presidential decree Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk the State Order of Merit, 3rd Class "…for his personal contribution to the development of Ukrainian statehood, and his active community and humanitarian involvement…."

In 2007, through presidential decree President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko conferred upon Mykola Plaviuk The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st Class for his contributions as a “…public and political leader, President of the UNR in exile 1988-1992, for his selfless service to the Ukrainian people, and distinguished personal achievements in the revival of Ukraine’s independence."

Mykola Plaviuk was the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists from 1981 until his death.[1]

Personal life

[edit]

He was married, and had two sons and two daughters.[6] Plaviuk lived in both Kyiv and Canada. He died on 10 March 2012 in Hamilton, Ontario.[1][4]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ According to Ukrainian law current Ukraine is the successor state of the Ukrainian SSR that was part of the Soviet Union.[5][9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f (in Ukrainian) Помер останній Президент УНР у екзилі Микола Плав'юк, Den (10 March 2012)
  2. ^ Verbych, Viktor. "Last President" (in Ukrainian). Gazeta "Simya i dim". Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  3. ^ Dukh, Yarema (2008-04-09). Микола Плав'юк: "Май амбіцію не бути пересічним...". Plast (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  4. ^ a b c (in Ukrainian) Помер останній президент УНР (фото), UNIAN (12 March 2012)
  5. ^ a b c "Ukraine is the legal successor of the Ukrainian People's Republic". Istorychna Pravda (in Ukrainian). 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  6. ^ a b c "Plaw'iuk Mykola Vasyl'ovych". VIP-gallery (in Ukrainian). presscenter.ukrinform.ua. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  7. ^ "10 years since the Government center of the UNR in exile gave to the free and sovereign Ukraine the symbols of government authority. This establishes that Ukraine is the legal successor to the Ukrainian National Republic. This action was proclaimed by the former President of the UNR in exile Mykola Plaviuk". Visnyka UVKR (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian World Coordination Council. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  8. ^ Rol, Mykhailo. "Tenth President" (in Ukrainian). Ukrayina Moloda. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  9. ^ A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples Archived 7 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, ISBN 1442610212 (page 563/564 & 722/723)
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by President of Ukraine-in-exile
1989–1992 		Succeeded by
Office abolished
Party political offices
Preceded by President of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians
1978–1981 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
D. Kvitkovskyi
 Leader of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
1981–2012 		Incumbent
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mykola_Plaviuk&oldid=1253348715"