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{{Short description|Bakery product manufacturer in Sri Lanka}}
{{ref improve|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
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| hq_location_country = [[Sri Lanka]]
| hq_location_country = [[Sri Lanka]]
| area_served = International
| area_served = International
| key_people = A. G. R. Samaraweera ([[Group Chairman]])
| key_people = A. G. Kumudika Fernando ([[Chair (officer)|Group Chairperson]])
| industry = [[Biscuits]]<br>[[Snack food]]
| industry = [[Biscuits]]<br>[[Snack food]]
| products =
| products =
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}}
}}


'''Maliban Biscuit Manufactories''' is one of the largest manufacturers, distributors and marketers of bakery products in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.malibanbiscuit.com/company-overview|title=Company Overview|publisher=Maliban, Sri Lanka|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> {{Dubious|date=January 2021}}
'''Maliban Biscuit Manufactories,''' is one of the largest manufacturers, distributors and marketers of bakery products in Sri Lanka.<ref name=BT>{{cite news|url=http://businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=6639|title=Maliban Celebrates 50 Years Of Sweet Success|newspaper=Business Today|date=|accessdate=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.malibanbiscuit.com/company-overview|title=Company Overview|publisher=Maliban, Sri Lanka|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> Maliban is a privately owned limited liability company.


==History==
==History==
The company was founded in 1954 by Angulugaha Gamage Hinni Appuhamy. A G Hinniappuhamy had his early education at St. Aloysius College, Galle. While still in his teens, he left his school and home and migrated to Colombo to seek his fortunes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/091018/Fh/003.html|title=House of Maliban - Sri Lanka's number one choice|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Gayani|last=Perera|date=18 October 2009|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lk.kompass.com/c/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-ltd/lk007342/|title=Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd - 389 Galle Road, Ratmalana|website=lk.kompass.com|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref> After opening his own tea kiosk on Maliban Street, [[Pettah, Sri Lanka|Pettah]], in 1935 he converted the shop into a small hotel. Appuhamy opened his second hotel at First Cross Street and then moved it to a larger premises in Norris Road. He subsequently opened hotels at Baseline Road, another at Norris Road and at Chatham Street. He invited his brothers, A. G. Wickramapala and A. G. Jinadasa to join him in managing the expanding business.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/091220/Fh/fh03.html|title=The legendary Maliban family speaks|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Gayani|last=Perera|date=20 December 2009|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankabusiness.com/exporters-directory/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-pvt-ltd-951.html|title=Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Pvt Ltd|publisher=Sri Lanka Export Development Board|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref>
The company was founded in 1954 by Angulugaha Gamage Hinni Appuhamy.<ref name=BT/> Appuhamy was born 2 December 1902 in the village of [[Akmeemana]], the son of Angulugaha Gamage Cornelis Appuhamy and Kankanamgamage Kathirinahamy.<ref name=Bio>{{cite book|title=Personalities, Sri Lanka: A Biographical Study (15th-20th Century), 1490-1990 A.D|publisher=Ceylon Business Appliances Ltd|editor=Wimalaratne, W. D. G.|date=1994|page=68|isbn=9789559287001}}</ref><ref name=Enc>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka|editor=Gunawardena, C. A.|publisher=New Dawn Press Inc.|date=2005|page=180|isbn=1932705481}}</ref> He had his early education at St. Aloysius College, Galle.<ref name=DN2011>{{cite news|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2011/01/11/fea03.asp|title=A G Hinniappuhamy: Industrial pioneer, philanthropist|newspaper=[[The Daily News (Sri Lanka)|The Daily News]]|date=11 January 2011|access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=Roberts>{{cite book|title=Galle as Quiet as Asleep|first=Norah|last=Roberts|date=1993|isbn=9789559557906|page=18}}</ref> At the age of seventeen, in 1922, he left school and home and traveled to Colombo to seek his fortunes.<ref name=ST2011>{{cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/040411/ft/8.html|title=Maliban directors sample biscuits like tea-tasting culture|first=Quintus|last=Perera|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|date=4 April 2011|access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/091018/Fh/003.html|title=House of Maliban - Sri Lanka's number one choice|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Gayani|last=Perera|date=18 October 2009|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lk.kompass.com/c/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-ltd/lk007342/|title=Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd - 389 Galle Road, Ratmalana|website=lk.kompass.com|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref> After opening his own tea kiosk on Maliban Street, [[Pettah, Sri Lanka|Pettah]] in 1928, he converted the shop into a small hotel in 1935.<ref name=Bio/><ref name=Enc/><ref name=ST2011/><ref name=DN2011/> Appuhamy opened his second hotel at First Cross Street and then moved it to a larger premises in Norris Road.<ref name=ST2011/> He subsequently opened hotels at Baseline Road, another at Norris Road and at Chatham Street.<ref name=ST2011/><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Ceylon Trade Journal|volume=18|issue=9|publisher=Department of Commerce (Ceylon)|date=1953|page=558}}</ref> He invited his brothers, A. G. Wickramapala and A. G. Jinadasa to join him in managing the expanding business.<ref name=DN2011/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/091220/Fh/fh03.html|title=The legendary Maliban family speaks|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Gayani|last=Perera|date=20 December 2009|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankabusiness.com/exporters-directory/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-pvt-ltd-951.html|title=Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Pvt Ltd|publisher=Sri Lanka Export Development Board|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref>


Appuhamy then opened a bakery, which initially sold bread but later added hand made biscuits to their range. One of the first biscuits produced was the Maliban Marie biscuit. In order to satisfy the demand he purchased a biscuit cutter from India to assist in the biscuit manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/110605/Fh/fh01.html|title=The success story of Maliban Group of Companies|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|date=5 June 2011|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>
Appuhamy then opened a bakery, which initially sold bread but later added hand made biscuits to their range. One of the first biscuits produced was the Maliban Marie biscuit. In order to satisfy the demand he purchased a biscuit cutter from India to assist in the biscuit manufacturing.<ref name=DN2011/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/110605/Fh/fh01.html|title=The success story of Maliban Group of Companies|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|date=5 June 2011|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>


Appuhamy bought {{convert|0.204|ha|abbr=on}} of land at [[Kirulapana]], where they established a [[dairy]] (which was later shifted to [[Nawala]]). The Kirulapana property was then used to commence the hand-operated bottling of Maliban Mineral Waters. He also entered into the [[ice cream]] industry, opening the Maliban Cream House in [[Kollupitiya|Colpetty]].
Appuhamy bought {{convert|0.204|ha|abbr=on}} of land at [[Kirulapana]], where they established a [[dairy]] (which was later shifted to [[Nawala]]).<ref name=ST2011/><ref name=Roberts/> The Kirulapana property was then used to commence the hand-operated bottling of Maliban Mineral Waters. He also entered into the [[ice cream]] industry, opening the Maliban Cream House in [[Kollupitiya|Colpetty]].<ref name=ST2011/>


In 1945 after [[World War II]] the assets of the businesses carried out by the three brothers were incorporated into Maliban Hotels Limited. The business included six hotels, one tearoom, an ice cream parlour, a mineral water company and bakery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankabusiness.com/exporters-directory/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-pvt-ltd-951.html|title=MALIBAN BISCUIT MANUFACTORIES PVT LTD|website=www.srilankabusiness.com|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref>
In 1945 after [[World War II]] the assets of the businesses carried out by the three brothers were incorporated into Maliban Hotels Limited. The business included six hotels, one tearoom, an ice cream parlour, a mineral water company and bakery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankabusiness.com/exporters-directory/maliban-biscuit-manufactories-pvt-ltd-951.html|title=MALIBAN BISCUIT MANUFACTORIES PVT LTD|website=www.srilankabusiness.com|access-date=2017-06-19}}</ref>


The company the purchased a plant from [[Baker Perkins]] and on 5 August 1954 Maliban Biscuits commenced full-scale production. The bakery section of Maliban Hotels Ltd was subsequently converted into a limited liability company, Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd.
The company the purchased a plant from [[Baker Perkins]] and on 5 August 1954 Maliban Biscuits commenced full-scale production.<ref name=ST2011/> In 1954 the bakery section of Maliban Hotels Ltd was subsequently converted into a limited liability company, Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd.<ref name=ST2011/>


In 1965, the company's operations were shifted to a new factory complex, which was constructed on a {{convert|4.1|ha|abbr=on}} site in [[Ratmalana]]. The Company also has the distinction of being the first food company to achieve the '''National Quality Award''' in 1996.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dailynews.lk/2015/10/28/business/maliban-clinches-sri-lanka-national-quality-award|title=Maliban clinches Sri Lanka National Quality Award|newspaper =[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]]|date=28 October 2015|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=10456|title=Business Today - Maliban receives the Sri Lanka National Quality Award|website=www.businesstoday.lk|date=December 2015|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>
In 1965, the company's operations were shifted to a new factory complex, which was constructed on a {{convert|4.1|ha|abbr=on}} site in [[Ratmalana]]. The company also has the distinction of being the first food company to achieve the National Quality Award in 1996.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dailynews.lk/2015/10/28/business/maliban-clinches-sri-lanka-national-quality-award|title=Maliban clinches Sri Lanka National Quality Award|newspaper =[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]]|date=28 October 2015|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=10456|title=Business Today - Maliban receives the Sri Lanka National Quality Award|website=www.businesstoday.lk|date=December 2015|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref> Winning the award again in 2010 and 2015. The company has also been awarded the 'Global Performance Excellence Award' in 2016 and 2018 by the Asia Pacific Quality Organisation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Maliban-becomes-only-food-company-to-seize-World-Class-Award-at-APQO-Conference--121142.html|title=Maliban becomes only food company to seize World Class Award at APQO Conference 2016|newspaper=[[Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|Daily Mirror]]|date=23 December 2016|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.ft.lk/Business/International-award-winner-Maliban-Biscuits-honoured-at-National-Quality-Awards/34-684797|title=International award winner Maliban Biscuits honoured at National Quality Awards|newspaper=Financial Times|date=29 August 2019|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessnews.lk/2020/01/02/maliban-sets-international-record-for-overall-performance/|title=Maliban sets international record for overall performance|newspaper=BusinessNews.lk|date=2 January 2020|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref> In 2020 they won the 'Brand Excellence Award' at the Sri Lanka Best Brand Awards.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economynext.com/brand_voice/maliban-shines-at-sri-lanka-best-brand-awards-2020/|title=Maliban shines at Sri Lanka Best Brand Awards 2020|publisher=Echelon Media (PVT) Ltd|date=24 December 2020|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2021/01/03/business/maliban-clinches-brand-excellence-award|title=Maliban clinches Brand Excellence Award|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|date=3 January 2021|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref>


In 1970, Hinni Appuhamy died leaving his company to his son, Rathnapala Samaraweera. In the 1970s and 1980s the company had over 85% of the Sri Lankan biscuit market.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/110703/Fh/fh01.html|title=Leading from the front spanning over five decades|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Ravi|last=Jayawardena|date=3 July 2011|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref>
In 1970, Hinni Appuhamy died leaving his company to his son, Rathnapala Samaraweera.<ref name=Bio/><ref name=DN2011/> In the 1970s and 1980s the company had over 85% of the Sri Lankan biscuit market.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/110703/Fh/fh01.html|title=Leading from the front spanning over five decades|newspaper =[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Times]]|first=Ravi|last=Jayawardena|date=3 July 2011|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> In 1993 a modern plant was installed at a cost of Rs 350 million, increasing capacity by further {{convert|20|tonnes|abbr=on}}/day.<ref name=ST2011/>


The company now employs over 1,250 people and works continuous 24-hour shifts, producing 25 million packs of biscuits per annum and exporting their products to over 35 countries.{{cn|date=April 2015}}
The company now employs over 1,800 people and works continuous 24-hour shifts, producing 36 million packs of biscuits per annum and exporting their products to over 35 countries.<ref name=BT/> It has over 40% market share of the Sri Lankan biscuit market.<ref name=BT/>


In 2020 the company announced that it would be diversifying into the production of pharmaceuticals, as part of the government's plans to establish a self-sufficient local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2020/09/07/finance/227978/maliban-manufacture-pharma|title=Maliban to manufacture pharma|newspaper=[[The Daily News (Sri Lanka)|The Daily News]]|date=7 September 2020|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.themorning.lk/maliban-to-manufacture-sls-first-anti-cancer-drug/|title= Maliban to manufacture SL's first anti-cancer drug|publisher=TheMorning.Lk|date=29 March 2021|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref>
⚫
==References==

On 21 August 2024, A. G. Kumudika Fernando was appointed as the new group chairperson of the Maliban Group, following the passing of her father, A. G. Ratnapala Samaraweera, the company's previous chairman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.lk/front-page/Maliban-announces-A-G-Kumudika-Fernando-as-new-Chairperson/44-765838 |title=Maliban announces A.G. Kumudika Fernando as new Chairperson |publisher=Daily FT |last= |first= |date=22 August 2024 |accessdate=22 August 2024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822154233/https://www.ft.lk/front-page/Maliban-announces-A-G-Kumudika-Fernando-as-new-Chairperson/44-765838 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Ceylon Biscuits Limited]]

⚫
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 15:34, 25 October 2024

Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Limited
Company typeLimited liability
IndustryBiscuits
Snack food
Founded1954
FounderAngulugha Gamage Hinni Appuhamy
HeadquartersRatmalana,
Colombo
,
Sri Lanka
Area served
International
Key people
A. G. Kumudika Fernando (Group Chairperson)
BrandsMaliban Biscuits
Maliban Milk (milk powder)
Maliban Mineral Waters (mineral water)
Zellers Chocolates
Little Lion Bakeries
Websitewww.malibanbiscuit.com

Maliban Biscuit Manufactories, is one of the largest manufacturers, distributors and marketers of bakery products in Sri Lanka.[1][2] Maliban is a privately owned limited liability company.

History

[edit]

The company was founded in 1954 by Angulugaha Gamage Hinni Appuhamy.[1] Appuhamy was born 2 December 1902 in the village of Akmeemana, the son of Angulugaha Gamage Cornelis Appuhamy and Kankanamgamage Kathirinahamy.[3][4] He had his early education at St. Aloysius College, Galle.[5][6] At the age of seventeen, in 1922, he left school and home and traveled to Colombo to seek his fortunes.[7][8][9] After opening his own tea kiosk on Maliban Street, Pettah in 1928, he converted the shop into a small hotel in 1935.[3][4][7][5] Appuhamy opened his second hotel at First Cross Street and then moved it to a larger premises in Norris Road.[7] He subsequently opened hotels at Baseline Road, another at Norris Road and at Chatham Street.[7][10] He invited his brothers, A. G. Wickramapala and A. G. Jinadasa to join him in managing the expanding business.[5][11][12]

Appuhamy then opened a bakery, which initially sold bread but later added hand made biscuits to their range. One of the first biscuits produced was the Maliban Marie biscuit. In order to satisfy the demand he purchased a biscuit cutter from India to assist in the biscuit manufacturing.[5][13]

Appuhamy bought 0.204 ha (0.50 acres) of land at Kirulapana, where they established a dairy (which was later shifted to Nawala).[7][6] The Kirulapana property was then used to commence the hand-operated bottling of Maliban Mineral Waters. He also entered into the ice cream industry, opening the Maliban Cream House in Colpetty.[7]

In 1945 after World War II the assets of the businesses carried out by the three brothers were incorporated into Maliban Hotels Limited. The business included six hotels, one tearoom, an ice cream parlour, a mineral water company and bakery.[14]

The company the purchased a plant from Baker Perkins and on 5 August 1954 Maliban Biscuits commenced full-scale production.[7] In 1954 the bakery section of Maliban Hotels Ltd was subsequently converted into a limited liability company, Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd.[7]

In 1965, the company's operations were shifted to a new factory complex, which was constructed on a 4.1 ha (10 acres) site in Ratmalana. The company also has the distinction of being the first food company to achieve the National Quality Award in 1996.[15][16] Winning the award again in 2010 and 2015. The company has also been awarded the 'Global Performance Excellence Award' in 2016 and 2018 by the Asia Pacific Quality Organisation.[17][18][19] In 2020 they won the 'Brand Excellence Award' at the Sri Lanka Best Brand Awards.[20][21]

In 1970, Hinni Appuhamy died leaving his company to his son, Rathnapala Samaraweera.[3][5] In the 1970s and 1980s the company had over 85% of the Sri Lankan biscuit market.[22] In 1993 a modern plant was installed at a cost of Rs 350 million, increasing capacity by further 20 t (20 long tons; 22 short tons)/day.[7]

The company now employs over 1,800 people and works continuous 24-hour shifts, producing 36 million packs of biscuits per annum and exporting their products to over 35 countries.[1] It has over 40% market share of the Sri Lankan biscuit market.[1]

In 2020 the company announced that it would be diversifying into the production of pharmaceuticals, as part of the government's plans to establish a self-sufficient local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.[23][24]

On 21 August 2024, A. G. Kumudika Fernando was appointed as the new group chairperson of the Maliban Group, following the passing of her father, A. G. Ratnapala Samaraweera, the company's previous chairman.[25]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Maliban Celebrates 50 Years Of Sweet Success". Business Today. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  2. ^ "Company Overview". Maliban, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Wimalaratne, W. D. G., ed. (1994). Personalities, Sri Lanka: A Biographical Study (15th-20th Century), 1490-1990 A.D. Ceylon Business Appliances Ltd. p. 68. ISBN 9789559287001.
  4. ^ a b Gunawardena, C. A., ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka. New Dawn Press Inc. p. 180. ISBN 1932705481.
  5. ^ a b c d e "A G Hinniappuhamy: Industrial pioneer, philanthropist". The Daily News. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b Roberts, Norah (1993). Galle as Quiet as Asleep. p. 18. ISBN 9789559557906.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Perera, Quintus (4 April 2011). "Maliban directors sample biscuits like tea-tasting culture". Sunday Times. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  8. ^ Perera, Gayani (18 October 2009). "House of Maliban - Sri Lanka's number one choice". Sunday Times. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  9. ^ "Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Ltd - 389 Galle Road, Ratmalana". lk.kompass.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  10. ^ "The Ceylon Trade Journal". 18 (9). Department of Commerce (Ceylon). 1953: 558. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Perera, Gayani (20 December 2009). "The legendary Maliban family speaks". Sunday Times. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  12. ^ "Maliban Biscuit Manufactories Pvt Ltd". Sri Lanka Export Development Board. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  13. ^ "The success story of Maliban Group of Companies". Sunday Times. 5 June 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  14. ^ "MALIBAN BISCUIT MANUFACTORIES PVT LTD". www.srilankabusiness.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  15. ^ "Maliban clinches Sri Lanka National Quality Award". Daily News. 28 October 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  16. ^ "Business Today - Maliban receives the Sri Lanka National Quality Award". www.businesstoday.lk. December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  17. ^ "Maliban becomes only food company to seize World Class Award at APQO Conference 2016". Daily Mirror. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  18. ^ "International award winner Maliban Biscuits honoured at National Quality Awards". Financial Times. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Maliban sets international record for overall performance". BusinessNews.lk. 2 January 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Maliban shines at Sri Lanka Best Brand Awards 2020". Echelon Media (PVT) Ltd. 24 December 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Maliban clinches Brand Excellence Award". Sunday Observer. 3 January 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  22. ^ Jayawardena, Ravi (3 July 2011). "Leading from the front spanning over five decades". Sunday Times. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  23. ^ "Maliban to manufacture pharma". The Daily News. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Maliban to manufacture SL's first anti-cancer drug". TheMorning.Lk. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  25. ^ "Maliban announces A.G. Kumudika Fernando as new Chairperson". Daily FT. 22 August 2024. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
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