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{{Short description|Genus of Ascidiacea}}
{{italic title}}{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Botrylloidesleachi.jpg
| image = Botrylloides magnicoecum, Bare Island.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Botrylloides leachi]]''
| image_caption = ''Botrylloides magnicoecum''
| name = Botrylloides
| taxon = Botrylloides
| authority = Milne-Edwards, 1841<ref name="WoRMS" />
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Tunicate|Tunicata]]
| classis = [[Ascidiacea]]
| ordo = [[Pleurogona]]
| suborder = [[Stolidobranchia]]
| familia = [[Styelidae]]
| genus = Botrylloides sp.
| genus_authority = ([[Henri Milne-Edwards|Milne-Edwards]], 1841)<ref name="Botryllidae-Wikispecies">[[Species:Botryllidae]]</ref>
}}
}}
The '''"Chain Sea Squirts or Chain Tunicates"''' of the genus '''''Botrylloides''''':


'''''Botrylloides''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Ascidiacea|ascidian]] [[tunicate]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Styelidae]].
<blockquote>Morphologically similar to ''[[Botryllus schlosseri]]'' and similarly widespread, ''Botrylloides'' is distinguished by having linearly-arranged, parallel "chains" of [[wiktionary:zooid|zooids]] as opposed to zooids like white or yellow stripes emanating from a common center in ''Botrylloides''.<ref name="Basic Information for Botrylloides">{{Cite web|url=http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Botrylloidesleachi.htm|title=MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network|accessdate=2007-02-17|publisher=The Marine Biological Association|author=Owen Alger}}</ref></blockquote>


==Description==
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, [[horseshoe crabs]], [[seaweeds]], and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are relative invasive Ascidians, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, ''[[Didemnum]]'' sp., and ''[[Styela clava]]'' are a problem for [[shellfish]] and other [[marine life]] populations, and cause [[fouling]] of boats and piers.
Like ''[[Botryllus]]'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, [[horseshoe crabs]], [[seaweeds]], and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be [[Invasive species|invasive]], found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, ''[[Didemnum]]'' sp., and ''[[Styela clava]]'' are a problem for [[shellfish]] and other [[marine life]] populations, and cause [[fouling]] of boats and piers.


Species within the genus ''Botrylloides'' include:<ref name="WoRMS">Sanamyan, K. (2015). [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103528 ''Botrylloides'' Milne Edwards, 1841 .] In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23</ref>
==Species include==
*''[[Botrylloides diegensis]]''
* ''[[Botrylloides anceps]]'' <small>(Herdman, 1891)</small>
*''[[Botrylloides leachii]]''
* ''[[Botrylloides aureum]]'' <small>(Sars, 1851)</small>
*''[[Botrylloides simodensis]]''
* ''[[Botrylloides chevalense]]'' <small>Herdman, 1906</small>
*''[[Botrylloides violaceus]]''
* ''[[Botrylloides diegensis]]'' <small>Ritter & Forsyth, 1917</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides fuscus]]'' <small>Saito & Watanabe, 1985</small>
[[Image:Botrylloides violaceus.jpg|thumb|250px|none|''Botrylloides violaceus'']]
* ''[[Botrylloides giganteum]]'' <small>(PÈrËs, 1949)</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides israeliense]]'' <small>Brunetti, 2009</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides lenis]]'' <small>Saito & Watanabe, 1985</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides lentus]]'' <small>Saito & Watanabe, 1985</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides magnicoecum]]'' <small>(Hartmeyer, 1912)</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides nigrum]]'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides perspicuus]]'' <small>(Herdman, 1886)</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides pizoni]]'' <small>Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides saccus]]'' <small>Kott, 2003</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides simodensis]]'' <small>Saito & Watanabe, 1981</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides superbum]]'' <small>(Drasche, 1883)</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides tyreum]]'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>
* ''[[Botrylloides violaceus]]'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>


Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
==Notes==
* ''Botrylloides albicans'' <small>Milne Edwards, 1841</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
<references/>
* ''Botrylloides aurantium'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus aurantius]]'' <small>(Oka, 1927)</small>
* ''Botrylloides aurea'' <small>Sars, 1851</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides aureum]]'' <small>(Sars, 1851)</small>
* ''Botrylloides boloniense'' <small>Giard, 1875</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides carnosum'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides violaceus]]'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>
* ''Botrylloides chazaliei'' <small>Sluiter, 1898</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides nigrum]]'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>
* ''Botrylloides clavelina'' <small>Giard, 1872</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides cyanescens'' <small>Giard, 1888</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides diegense'' <small>Ritter & Forsyth, 1917</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides diegensis]]'' <small>Ritter & Forsyth, 1917</small>
* ''Botrylloides eligulatum'' <small>Beniaminson, 1975</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus tuberatus]]'' <small>Ritter & Forsyth, 1917</small>
* ''Botrylloides fulgurale'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides gregalis'' <small>Sluiter, 1898</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus gregalis]]'' <small>(Sluiter, 1898)</small>
* ''Botrylloides insigne'' <small>Giard, 1872</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides lateritium'' <small>Beniaminson, 1975</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides violaceus]]'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>
* ''Botrylloides leachi'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides leptum'' <small>Herdman, 1899</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides maeandrium'' <small>Sluiter, 1898</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus maeandrius]]'' <small>(Sluiter, 1898)</small>
* ''Botrylloides maeandrius'' <small>Sluiter, 1898</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus maeandrius]]'' <small>(Sluiter, 1898)</small>
* ''Botrylloides magnicoecus'' <small>Hartmeyer, 1912</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides magnicoecum]]'' <small>(Hartmeyer, 1912)</small>
* ''Botrylloides magnum'' <small>(Ritter, 1901)</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus magnus]]'' <small>Ritter, 1901</small>
* ''Botrylloides magnus'' <small></small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus magnus]]'' <small>Ritter, 1901</small>
* ''Botrylloides meandrinum'' <small>Sluiter</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus maeandrius]]'' <small>(Sluiter, 1898)</small>
* ''Botrylloides namei'' <small>(Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928)</small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus planus]]'' <small>(Van Name, 1902)</small>
* ''Botrylloides niger'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides nigrum]]'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>
* ''Botrylloides parvulum'' <small>Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides parvulus'' <small>Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides perspicuum'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides perspicuus]]'' <small>(Herdman, 1886)</small>
* ''Botrylloides planus'' <small></small>: synonym of ''[[Botryllus planus]]'' <small>(Van Name, 1902)</small>
* ''Botrylloides prostratum'' <small>Giard, 1872</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides purpureum'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides pusilla'' <small>Alder, 1863</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides radiata'' <small>Alder & Hancock, 1848</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides ramulosa'' <small>Alder & Hancock, 1848</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides rotifera'' <small>Milne Edwards, 1841</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides rubrum'' <small>Milne Edwards, 1841</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides rugosum'' <small>Gottschaldt, 1894</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides aureum]]'' <small>(Sars, 1851)</small>
* ''Botrylloides sparsa'' <small>Alder, 1863</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides translucidum'' <small>Hartmeyer, 1912</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides vinosa'' <small>Alder & Hancock, 1912</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides leachii]]'' <small>(Savigny, 1816)</small>
* ''Botrylloides violaceum'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>: synonym of ''[[Botrylloides violaceus]]'' <small>Oka, 1927</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_violaceus.html
* http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_violaceus.html
* For a complete registry of Botrylloides taxa http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103528
* http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/tunicata.php?menuentry=soorten&id=20 {{deadlink|date=September 2012}}

⚫
[[Category:Ascidiacea]]


{{Tunicata|T.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4948808}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Category:Styelidae]]
{{ecology-stub}}
[[Category:Tunicate genera]]
{{tunicata-stub}}
[[Category:Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards]]

Latest revision as of 17:42, 25 October 2024

Botrylloides
Botrylloides magnicoecum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
Class: Ascidiacea
Order: Stolidobranchia
Family: Styelidae
Genus: Botrylloides
Milne-Edwards, 1841[1]

Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.

Description

[edit]

Like Botryllus, Botrylloides are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, Didemnum sp., and Styela clava are a problem for shellfish and other marine life populations, and cause fouling of boats and piers.

Species within the genus Botrylloides include:[1]

Species names currently considered to be synonyms:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Sanamyan, K. (2015). Botrylloides Milne Edwards, 1841 . In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
[edit]
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