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==History==
==History==
Until the 19th century, Romanian was usually written using a [[Romanian Cyrillic alphabet|local variant]] of the [[Early Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]]. A variant based on the reformed [[Reforms of Russian orthography#18th-century changes|Russian civil script]], first introduced in the late 18th century, became widespread in [[Bessarabia]] after its annexation to the [[Russian Empire]], while the rest of the [[Principality of Moldavia]] gradually switched to a [[Romanian alphabet|Latin-based alphabet]], adopted officially after its union with [[Wallachia]] that resulted in the creation of [[Romania]].<ref>Denis Deletant, Slavonic letters in Moldova, Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries, Ed. Enciclopedicӑ, Bucharest 1991</ref> Grammars and dictionaries published in Bessarabia before 1917, both those that used the label "Moldovan" and the few that used "Romanian", used a version of the Cyrillic alphabet, with its use continuing in Bessarabia even after the 1918 union, in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=Charles |title=The Ambivalence of Authenticity, or How the Moldovan Language Was Made |journal=Slavic Review |date=1999 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=117–142 |doi=10.2307/2672992|jstor=2672992 |s2cid=147578687 }}</ref> The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s, in the Soviet bid to standardise the orthography of Romanian in the Moldavian ASSR; at the same time furthering political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the Latin-based Romanian orthography introduced in Romania in the 1860s. As was the case with other Cyrillic-based languages in the Soviet Union, such as [[Russian alphabet#Letters eliminated in 1918|Russian]], [[Ukrainian alphabet|Ukrainian]] or [[Belarusian alphabet|Belarusian]], obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify orthography and boost literacy. It was abandoned for a Latin-based alphabet during the Union-wide [[Latinisation (USSR)|Latinisation campaign]] in 1932.{{cn|date=June 2017}} Its re-introduction was decided by the Central Executive Committee of the [[Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] on May 19, 1938, albeit with an orthography more similar to standard Russian.{{cn|date=June 2017}} Following the [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina]], it was established as the official alphabet of the [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] until 1989, when a law returned to the standard, Latin-based, Romanian alphabet.
Until the 19th century, Romanian was usually written using a [[Romanian Cyrillic alphabet|local variant]] of the [[Early Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]]. A variant based on the reformed [[Reforms of Russian orthography#18th-century changes|Russian civil script]], first introduced in the late 18th century, became widespread in [[Bessarabia]] after its annexation to the [[Russian Empire]], while the rest of the [[Principality of Moldavia]] gradually switched to a [[Romanian alphabet|Latin-based alphabet]], adopted officially after its union with [[Wallachia]] that resulted in the creation of [[Romania]].<ref>Denis Deletant, Slavonic letters in Moldova, Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries, Ed. Enciclopedicӑ, Bucharest 1991</ref> Grammars and dictionaries published in Bessarabia before 1917, both those that used the label "Moldovan" and the few that used "Romanian", used a version of the Cyrillic alphabet, with its use continuing in Bessarabia even after the 1918 union, in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=Charles |title=The Ambivalence of Authenticity, or How the Moldovan Language Was Made |journal=Slavic Review |date=1999 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=117–142 |doi=10.2307/2672992|jstor=2672992 |s2cid=147578687 }}</ref> The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s, in the Soviet bid to standardise the orthography of Romanian in the [[Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldavian ASSR]]; at the same time furthering political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the Latin-based Romanian orthography introduced in Romania in the 1860s. As was the case with other Cyrillic-based languages in the Soviet Union, such as [[Russian alphabet#Letters eliminated in 1918|Russian]], [[Ukrainian alphabet|Ukrainian]] or [[Belarusian alphabet|Belarusian]], obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify orthography and boost literacy. It was abandoned for a Latin-based alphabet (in the Moldovan version of the alphabet, compared to the Romanian version, the letter ''Â â'' was missing) during the Union-wide [[Latinisation (USSR)|Latinisation campaign]] in 1932.<ref>{{cite book|author= Исаев М.И. |title=Языковое строительство в СССР. Процессы создания письменностей народов СССР |publisher=Наука |year=1979 |location=Moscow |page=318 }}</ref> Its re-introduction was decided by the Central Executive Committee of the [[Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] on May 19, 1938, albeit with an orthography more similar to standard Russian.{{cn|date=June 2017}} Following the [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina]], it was established as the official alphabet of the [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] until 1989, when a law returned to the standard, Latin-based, Romanian alphabet.


There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet, which was seen "more suitable for the Romance core of the language", in the Moldavian SSR. In 1965, the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party, the replacement being deemed "contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes".<ref>Michael Bruchis. ''The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia'', in ''Soviet Studies'', Vol. 36, No. 1. (January 1984), pp. 118-119.</ref>
There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet, which was seen "more suitable for the Romance core of the language", in the Moldavian SSR. In 1965, the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party, the replacement being deemed "contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes".<ref>Michael Bruchis. ''The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia'', in ''Soviet Studies'', Vol. 36, No. 1. (January 1984), pp. 118-119.</ref>
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/a/}}
| {{IPA|/a/}}
| [[Water|apă]] = апэ
|-
|-
| Б б
| Б б
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/b/}}
| {{IPA|/b/}}
| [[Abdomen|burtă]] = буртэ
|-
|-
| В в
| В в
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/v/}}
| {{IPA|/v/}}
| [[Green|verde]] = верде
|-
|-
| Г г
| Г г
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| ''gh'' used before ''i'' or ''e'', elsewhere ''g''
| ''gh'' used before ''i'' or ''e'', elsewhere ''g''
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
| [[Ice|gheață]] = гяцэ, [[Neck|gât]] = гыт
| Ghidul = Гидул, Gheorghe = Георге
|-
|-
| Д д
| Д д
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/d/}}
| {{IPA|/d/}}
| [[Tooth|dinte]] = динте
|-
|-
| Е е
| Е е
Line 79: Line 83:
| ''ie'' after a vowel or if it alternates with ''ia'', elsewhere ''e''
| ''ie'' after a vowel or if it alternates with ''ia'', elsewhere ''e''
| {{IPA|/e/, /je/}}
| {{IPA|/e/, /je/}}
| [[Woman|muiere]] = муере
| Sovietică = Советикэ (alternated with ''ia''), Moșie = Мошие, șuierătoare = шуерэтоаре
|-
|-
| Ж ж
| Ж ж
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
| {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
| [[Stabbing|a înjunghia]] = а ынжунгя
|-
|-
| Ӂ ӂ
| Ӂ ӂ
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| ''g'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''ge'' before ''a'', ''gi'' elsewhere
| ''g'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''ge'' before ''a'', ''gi'' elsewhere
| {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
| {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
| fulgerele = фулӂереле, geanta = ӂянта
| [[Lightning|fulgerele]] = фулӂереле
|-
|-
| З з
| З з
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/z/}}
| {{IPA|/z/}}
| [[Day|ziua]] = зиуа
|-
|-
| И и
| И и
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| ''ii'' used at end of word, ''i'' elsewhere
| ''ii'' used at end of word, ''i'' elsewhere
| {{IPA|/i/}}
| {{IPA|/i/}}
| [[codrii]] = кодрий
| Codrii = Кодрий
|-
|-
| Й й
| Й й
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| before and after vowels
| before and after vowels
| {{IPA|/j/}}
| {{IPA|/j/}}
| [[Bread|pâine]] = пыйне
| Doina = Дойна
|-
|-
| К к
| К к
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| ''ch'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''c'' elsewhere
| ''ch'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''c'' elsewhere
| {{IPA|/k/}}
| {{IPA|/k/}}
| [[Cyrillic alphabet|chirilice]] = кириличе, [[Dog|câine]] = кыйне
| Chirilice = Кириличе, Cherestea = Керестя
|-
|-
| Л л
| Л л
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/l/}}
| {{IPA|/l/}}
| [[Language|limba]] = лимба
|-
|-
| М м
| М м
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/m/}}
| {{IPA|/m/}}
| [[Moldovan language|moldovenească]] = молдовеняскэ
|-
|-
| Н н
| Н н
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/n/}}
| {{IPA|/n/}}
| [[Blood|sânge]] = сынӂе
|-
|-
| О о
| О о
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/o/}}
| {{IPA|/o/}}
| [[Egg|ou]] = оу
|-
|-
| П п
| П п
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/p/}}
| {{IPA|/p/}}
| [[Feather|pană]] = панэ
|-
|-
| Р р
| Р р
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/r/}}
| {{IPA|/r/}}
| [[Red|roșu]] = рошу
|-
|-
| С с
| С с
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/s/}}
| {{IPA|/s/}}
| [[Sun|soare]] = соаре
|-
|-
| Т т
| Т т
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/t/}}
| {{IPA|/t/}}
| [[Wind|vânt]] = вынт
|-
|-
| У у
| У у
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/u/}}
| {{IPA|/u/}}
| [[One|unu]] = уну
|-
|-
| Ф ф
| Ф ф
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/f/}}
| {{IPA|/f/}}
| [[Leaf|frunză]] = фрунзэ
|-
|-
| Х х
| Х х
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/h/}}
| {{IPA|/h/}}
| [[Argument|harță]] = харцэ
|-
|-
| Ц ц
| Ц ц
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/ts/}}
| {{IPA|/ts/}}
| [[wikt:hold|ține]] = цине
|-
|-
| Ч ч
| Ч ч
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| ''c'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''ce'' before ''a'', ''ci'' elsewhere
| ''c'' before ''i'' and ''e'', ''ce'' before ''a'', ''ci'' elsewhere
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
| [[wikt:what|ce]] = че
| ce = че, ceasuri = чясурь, Socialistă = Сочиалистэ, zbuciumul = збучумул
|-
|-
| Ш ш
| Ш ш
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| [[wikt:and|și]] = ши
|-
|-
| Ы ы
| Ы ы
Line 211: Line 230:
| ''â'' and ''î''
| ''â'' and ''î''
| {{IPA|/ɨ/}}
| {{IPA|/ɨ/}}
| România = Ромыния, înțelegere = ынцелеӂере
| [[Romanian Language|română]] = ромынэ, [[wikt:understand|înțelegere]] = ынцелеӂере
|-
|-
| Ь ь
| Ь ь
Line 218: Line 237:
| At end of word (usually)
| At end of word (usually)
| {{IPA|/ʲ/}} (i.e. [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalization]] of preceding consonant)
| {{IPA|/ʲ/}} (i.e. [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalization]] of preceding consonant)
| [[Eye|ochi]] = окь
| veșnici = вешничь
|-
|-
| Э э
| Э э
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
| [[Hand|mână]] = мынэ
|-
|-
| Ю ю
| Ю ю
Line 231: Line 251:
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| {{IPA|/ju/, /ʲu/}}
| {{IPA|/ju/, /ʲu/}}
| iulie = юлие
| [[July|iulie]] = юлие
|-
|-
| Я я
| Я я
Line 238: Line 258:
| ''ea'' after a consonant or ''е'', ''ia'' elsewhere
| ''ea'' after a consonant or ''е'', ''ia'' elsewhere
| {{IPA|/ja/, /ʲa/}}
| {{IPA|/ja/, /ʲa/}}
| [[fog|ceață]] = чяцэ, [[stone|piatră]] = пятрэ
| Neaga = Няга, Piatră = Пятрэ
|}
|}


==Sample text==
==Sample text==


This text is from [[Limba noastră]].
This text is from [[Mihai Eminescu]]'s ''Luceafărul''.
{|
{| style="background:none"
!width="50%"| Latin script
!width="50%"| Latin script
!width="50%"| Moldovan Cyrillic script
!width="50%"| Moldovan Cyrillic script
|-
|-
| <poem>
| <poem>
''Privea în zare cum pe mări''
'''''Limba noastră-i o comoară'''''
''Răsare și străluce,''
'''''În adîncuri înfundată'''''
''Pe mișcătoarele cărări''
'''''Un șirag de piatră rară'''''
''Corăbii negre duce.''
'''''Pe moșie revărsată.'''''
</poem>
</poem>
| <poem>
| <poem>
Привя ын заре кум пе мэрь
'''Лимба ноастрэ-й о комоарэ'''
Рэсаре ши стрэлуче,
'''Ын адынкурь ынфундатэ,'''
Пе мишкэтоареле кэрэрь
'''Ун шираг де пятрэ рарэ'''
Корэбий негре дуче.
'''Пе мошие ревэрсатэ.'''
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
'''''Limba noastră-i foc ce arde'''''
'''''Într-un neam, ce fără veste'''''
'''''S-a trezit din somn de moarte'''''
'''''Ca viteazul din poveste.'''''
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Лимба ноастрэ-й фок, че арде'''
'''Ынтр-ун ням, че фэрэ весте'''
'''С-а трезит дин сомн де моарте,'''
'''Ка витязул дин повесте.'''
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Limba noastră-i numai cîntec,''
''Doina dorurilor noastre,''
''Roi de fulgere, ce spintec''
''Nouri negri, zări albastre.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Лимба ноастрэ-й нумай кынтек,
Дойна дорурилор ноастре,
Рой де фулӂере, че спинтек
Ноурь негри, зэрь албастре.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Limba noastră-i graiul pîinii,''
''Cînd de vînt se mișcă vara;''
''În rostirea ei bătrînii''
''Cu sudori sfințit-au țara.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Лимба ноастрэ-й граюл пыний,
Кынд де вынт се мишкэ вара;
Ын ростиря ей бэтрыний
Ку судорь сфинцит-ау цара.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
'''''Limba noastră-i frunză verde,'''''
'''''Zbuciumul din codrii veșnici,'''''
'''''Nistrul lin, ce-n valuri pierde'''''
'''''Ai luceferilor sfeșnici.'''''
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Лимба ноастрэ-й фрунзэ верде,'''
'''Збучумул дин кодрий вешничь,'''
'''Ниструл лин, че-н валурь пьерде'''
'''Ай лучеферилор сфешничь.'''
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Nu veți plînge-atunci amarnic,''
''Că vi-i limba prea săracă,''
''Și-ți vedea, cît îi de darnic''
''Graiul țării noastre dragă.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Ну вець плынӂе-атунч амарник,
Кэ ви-й лимба пря сэракэ,
Ши-ць ведя, кыт ый де дарник
Граюл цэрий ноастре драгэ.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Limba noastră-i vechi izvoade.''
''Povestiri din alte vremuri;''
''Și citindu-le 'nșirate,''
''Te-nfiori adînc și tremuri.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Лимба ноастрэ-й векь извоаде,
Повестирь дин алте времурь;
Ши читинду-ле-нширате,
Те-нфиорь адынк ши тремурь.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Limba noastră îi aleasă''
''Să ridice slava-n ceruri,''
''Să ne spuie-n hram și-acasă''
''Veșnicele adevăruri.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Лимба ноастрэ ый алясэ
Сэ ридиче славэ-н черурь,
Сэ не спуе-н храм ши-акасэ
Вешничеле адевэрурь.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
'''''Limba noastră-i limbă sfîntă,'''''
'''''Limba vechilor cazanii,'''''
'''''Care o plîng și care o cîntă'''''
'''''Pe la vatra lor țăranii.'''''
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Лимба ноастрэ-й лимбэ сфынтэ,'''
'''Лимба векилор казаний,'''
'''Каре-о плынг ши каре-о кынтэ'''
'''Пе ла ватра лор цэраний.'''
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Înviați-vă dar graiul,''
''Ruginit de multă vreme,''
''Stergeți slinul, mucegaiul''
''Al uitării 'n care geme.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Ынвияци-вэ дар граюл,
Руӂинит де мултэ време,
Штерӂець слинул, мучегаюл
Ал уйтэрий-н каре ӂеме.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
''Strîngeți piatra lucitoare''
''Ce din soare se aprinde''
''Și-ți avea în revărsare''
''Un potop nou de cuvinte.''
</poem>
| <poem>
Стрынӂець пятра лучитоаре,
Че дин соаре се апринде
Ши-ць авя ын ревэрсаре
Ун потоп ноу де кувинте.
</poem>
|-
| <poem>
'''''Răsări-va o comoară'''''
'''''În adîncuri înfundată,'''''
'''''Un șirag de piatră rară'''''
'''''Pe moșie revărsată.'''''
</poem>
| <poem>
'''Рэсэри-ва о комоарэ'''
'''Ын адынкурь ынфундатэ,'''
'''Ун шираг де пятрэ рарэ'''
'''Пе мошие ревэрсатэ.'''
</poem>
</poem>
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 18:04, 25 October 2024

Not to be confused with Romanian Cyrillic alphabet.
Moldovan Cyrillic
Script type
Time period
1924–1932
1938–present
LanguagesRomanian in the Moldavian SSR and other parts of the former Soviet Union (known there as Moldovan)
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Welcome (Bine ați venit!) sign in Moldovan Cyrillic in Tiraspol, the capital of Transnistria, in 2012

The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Romanian language spoken in the Soviet Union (Moldovan) and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 (and still in use today in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria).

History

[edit]

Until the 19th century, Romanian was usually written using a local variant of the Cyrillic alphabet. A variant based on the reformed Russian civil script, first introduced in the late 18th century, became widespread in Bessarabia after its annexation to the Russian Empire, while the rest of the Principality of Moldavia gradually switched to a Latin-based alphabet, adopted officially after its union with Wallachia that resulted in the creation of Romania.[1] Grammars and dictionaries published in Bessarabia before 1917, both those that used the label "Moldovan" and the few that used "Romanian", used a version of the Cyrillic alphabet, with its use continuing in Bessarabia even after the 1918 union, in order to make the publications more accessible to peasant readers.[2] The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet was officially introduced in the early 1920s, in the Soviet bid to standardise the orthography of Romanian in the Moldavian ASSR; at the same time furthering political objectives by marking a clear distinction from the Latin-based Romanian orthography introduced in Romania in the 1860s. As was the case with other Cyrillic-based languages in the Soviet Union, such as Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian, obsolete and redundant characters were dropped in an effort to simplify orthography and boost literacy. It was abandoned for a Latin-based alphabet (in the Moldovan version of the alphabet, compared to the Romanian version, the letter  â was missing) during the Union-wide Latinisation campaign in 1932.[3] Its re-introduction was decided by the Central Executive Committee of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on May 19, 1938, albeit with an orthography more similar to standard Russian.[citation needed] Following the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, it was established as the official alphabet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic until 1989, when a law returned to the standard, Latin-based, Romanian alphabet.

There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet, which was seen "more suitable for the Romance core of the language", in the Moldavian SSR. In 1965, the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party, the replacement being deemed "contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes".[4]

The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is still the official and the only accepted alphabet in Transnistria for this language.

Moldovan Cyrillic spellings are also used in the media and in governmental publications in the Republic of Moldova for the names of settlements when writing in Russian, as opposed to using their Russian forms (e.g. Кишинэу is used in place of Кишинёв for the name of the city of Chișinău).[5]

Description

[edit]

All but one of the letters of this alphabet can be found in the modern Russian alphabet, the exception being the zhe with breve: Ӂ ӂ (U+04C1, U+04C2). The Russian letters Ё, Щ, and Ъ are absent from the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet, and the former two are usually substituted with corresponding clusters ЬО and ШТ respectively.

The following chart shows the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet compared with the Latin alphabet currently in use. IPA values are given for the post-1957 literary standard.

Cyrillic letter: Equates to Latin letter: Name As employed in this context: IPA Example
А а a а (a)   /a/ apă = апэ
Б б b бе (be)   /b/ burtă = буртэ
В в v ве (ve)   /v/ verde = верде
Г г g, gh ге (ghe) gh used before i or e, elsewhere g /ɡ/ gheață = гяцэ, gât = гыт
Д д d де (de)   /d/ dinte = динте
Е е e, ie е (e) ie after a vowel or if it alternates with ia, elsewhere e /e/, /je/ muiere = муере
Ж ж j же (je)   /ʒ/ a înjunghia = а ынжунгя
Ӂ ӂ g, ge, gi ӂе (ge) g before i and e, ge before a, gi elsewhere /dʒ/ fulgerele = фулӂереле
З з z зе (ze)   /z/ ziua = зиуа
И и i, ii[citation needed] и (i) ii used at end of word, i elsewhere /i/ codrii = кодрий
Й й i и скурт (i scurt) before and after vowels /j/ pâine = пыйне
К к c, ch ка (ka) ch before i and e, c elsewhere /k/ chirilice = кириличе, câine = кыйне
Л л l ле (le)   /l/ limba = лимба
М м m ме (me)   /m/ moldovenească = молдовеняскэ
Н н n не (ne)   /n/ sânge = сынӂе
О о o о (o)   /o/ ou = оу
П п p пе (pe)   /p/ pană = панэ
Р р r ре (re)   /r/ roșu = рошу
С с s се (se)   /s/ soare = соаре
Т т t те (te)   /t/ vânt = вынт
У у u у (u)   /u/ unu = уну
Ф ф f фе (fe)   /f/ frunză = фрунзэ
Х х h ха (ha)   /h/ harță = харцэ
Ц ц ț це (țe)   /ts/ ține = цине
Ч ч c, ce, ci че (ce) c before i and e, ce before a, ci elsewhere /tʃ/ ce = че
Ш ш ș ше (șe)   /ʃ/ și = ши
Ы ы â, î ы (î) â and î /ɨ/ română = ромынэ, înțelegere = ынцелеӂере
Ь ь i семнул моале (semnul moale) At end of word (usually) /ʲ/ (i.e. palatalization of preceding consonant) ochi = окь
Э э ă э (ă)   /ə/ mână = мынэ
Ю ю iu ю (iu)   /ju/, /ʲu/ iulie = юлие
Я я ea, ia я (ia) ea after a consonant or е, ia elsewhere /ja/, /ʲa/ ceață = чяцэ, piatră = пятрэ

Sample text

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This text is from Mihai Eminescu's Luceafărul.

Latin script Moldovan Cyrillic script

Privea în zare cum pe mări
Răsare și străluce,
Pe mișcătoarele cărări
Corăbii negre duce.

Привя ын заре кум пе мэрь
Рэсаре ши стрэлуче,
Пе мишкэтоареле кэрэрь
Корэбий негре дуче.

See also

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References

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  • King, Charles (2000). The Moldovans: Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X.
  • Chinn, Jeffrey (1993). "The Politics of Language in Moldova" (PDF). Demokratizatsya. 2 (2): 309–315. Retrieved August 22, 2011.

Notes

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  1. ^ Denis Deletant, Slavonic letters in Moldova, Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries, Ed. Enciclopedicӑ, Bucharest 1991
  2. ^ King, Charles (1999). "The Ambivalence of Authenticity, or How the Moldovan Language Was Made". Slavic Review. 58 (1): 117–142. doi:10.2307/2672992. JSTOR 2672992. S2CID 147578687.
  3. ^ Исаев М.И. (1979). Языковое строительство в СССР. Процессы создания письменностей народов СССР. Moscow: Наука. p. 318.
  4. ^ Michael Bruchis. The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia, in Soviet Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1. (January 1984), pp. 118-119.
  5. ^ "Кишинев или Кишинэу? Кто прав в споре о названиях городов Молдовы" [Kishinev or Chișinău? Who is right in the dispute over the names of Moldovan cities]. newsmaker.md (in Russian). August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
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