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{{short description|Renowned Orthodox Jewish rabbi}}
{{Short description|Israeli rabbi}}
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|caption = Shlomo Zalman Auerbach with [[Gedaliah Eiseman]] (1989)
|caption = Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (left) with [[Gedaliah Eiseman]] (1989)
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'''Shlomo Zalman Auerbach''' ({{lang-he|שלמה זלמן אויערבאך}}; July 20, 1910 – February 20, 1995) was a renowned [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[rabbi]], [[posek]], and [[rosh yeshiva]] of the [[Kol Torah]] yeshiva in [[Jerusalem]]. The Jerusalem neighborhood [[Ramat Shlomo]] is named after Rabbi Auerbach.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/CapitalofIsrael/neighborhoods/Pages/PageSite_2281.aspx |title= Ramat Shlomo |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref>
'''Shlomo Zalman Auerbach''' ({{langx|he|שלמה זלמן אויערבאך}}; July 20, 1910 – February 20, 1995) was an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] [[rabbi]], [[posek]], and [[rosh yeshiva]] of the [[Kol Torah]] yeshiva in [[Jerusalem]]. The Jerusalem neighborhood [[Ramat Shlomo]] is named after Auerbach.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/CapitalofIsrael/neighborhoods/Pages/PageSite_2281.aspx |title= Ramat Shlomo |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Shlomo Zalman Auerbach was the first child to be born in the [[Sha'arei Hesed]] neighborhood of [[Jerusalem]] founded by his maternal grandfather, Rabbi [[Shlomo Zalman Porush]], after whom he was named.<ref name="Sofer"/> His father, Rabbi [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]], was [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva]], and his mother was Rebbetzin Tzivia.
Auerbach was the first child to be born in the [[Sha'arei Hesed]] neighborhood of [[Jerusalem]] founded by his maternal grandfather, [[Shlomo Zalman Porush]], after whom he was named.<ref name="Sofer"/> His father, [[Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach]], was [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva]], and his mother was named Tzivia.


Following his marriage, he studied under [[Zvi Pesach Frank]] at [[Kollel]] Kerem Tzion.{{cn|date=January 2023}}
By the age of eleven he was proficient in the entire [[talmudic]] [[tractate]] of [[Nashim|Kiddushin]]. As a teenager he attended the [[Etz Chaim Yeshiva]] in Jerusalem. He was known for his diligence which is illustrated by an event which occurred while he was in yeshiva. On the day the first [[automobile]] rolled into Jerusalem along the [[Jaffa Road]], all the students left their studies to marvel at the horse-less wagon. Only young Shlomo Zalman remained in his chair immersed in his studies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Teller|first=Hanoch|author-link=Hanoch Teller| title = And From Jerusalem, His Word: Stories and insights of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, zt"l |year=1995| publisher = N.Y.C. Publishing Co.| location = [[New York City|New York]]| isbn = 1-881939-05-7|access-date=19 December 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxf2QDFNvcYC&q=horse-less+wagon}}</ref>


His first major published work, ''Meorei Esh'', was the first ever written on the subject of using electricity on [[Shabbat]].{{cn|date=January 2023}}
Following his marriage, he studied under Rabbi [[Zvi Pesach Frank]] at [[Kollel]] Kerem Tzion which focused on the [[Halacha|laws]] of the [[Land of Israel]]. He was known as one of the [[Haredi Judaism|Charedi]] [[Ashkenazi]] supporters for [[Heter Mechira]] during the [[Shmita]] year.


He was the brother-in-law of Rabbi [[Sholom Schwadron]], who married his sister Leah.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rav Yitzchok Hakohein Schwadron zt"l {{!}} Matzav.com |url=https://matzav.com/rav-yitzchok-hakohein-schwadron-ztl/ |access-date=7 February 2023 |agency=Matzav.com |date=12 April 2020}}</ref>
His first major published work, ''Meorei Esh'', was the first ever written on the subject of using electricity on [[Shabbat]]. The work was endorsed by Rabbi [[Chaim Ozer Grodzinski]] who read it and declared: ''"Or chadash al Tziyon ta'ir"'' — "A new light will shine upon Zion" — a quote from the daily [[Jewish services|morning prayers]].


⚫
Auerbach died on February 20, 1995.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Avraham Steinberg |title=Medical-Halachic decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (1910-1995) |journal=Assia, Jewish Medical Ethics |date=January 1997 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=30–43 |pmid=11656725}}</ref> An estimated 300,000 - 500,000 people attended his funeral in 1995. He was interred on [[Har HaMenuchot]].
He had a close association with Rabbi [[Chaim Ozer Grodzinski]], as well as the [[Chazon Ish]] and Rabbi [[Elazar Menachem Shach]], the two iconic and preeminent leaders of Lithuanian [[Haredi]] Judaism of the first and middle segments of the 20th century. He became the pre-eminent halachic decisor of his time in Israel, respected by all streams of Orthodox Judaism. He was unique in his approach to halacha through [[thought experiment]]s.

He was the brother-in-law of Rabbi [[Sholom Schwadron]], who married his sister Leah. The two shared a long and close relationship as learning partners and personal friends.

Renowned for his lucid classes as Rosh Yeshiva, his thousands of students continue to influence the Torah world today.

⚫
Auerbach died on February 20, 1995.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Avraham Steinberg |title=Medical-Halachic decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (1910-1995) |journal=Assia, Jewish medical ethics |date=January 1997 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=30–43 |pmid=11656725}}</ref> An estimated 300,000 - 500,000 people attended his funeral in 1995. He was interred on [[Har HaMenuchot]].


Auerbach had seven sons, including rabbis [[Shmuel Auerbach]] and [[Ezriel Auerbach]], and three daughters.
Auerbach had seven sons, including rabbis [[Shmuel Auerbach]] and [[Ezriel Auerbach]], and three daughters.


===Prominent students===
=== Students ===
Rabbis who were his students include:
*Rabbi [[Zalman Nechemia Goldberg]], his son-in-law.
* [[Zalman Nechemia Goldberg]], his son-in-law.
*Rabbi [[Meir Kessler]]
*Rabbi [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]]
* [[Meir Kessler]]
*Rabbi [[Yehoshua Neuwirth]]
* [[Avigdor Nebenzahl]]
* [[Yehoshua Neuwirth]]
*Rabbi Shaye Portnoy, Rosh Yeshiva - Beis Medrash LeTorah (Jerusalem)
*Rabbi [[Michael Yammer]], Rosh Yeshiva - Sha'alvim


==Works==
==Works==
[[File:Grave of Shlomo Zalman Auerbach.jpg|thumb|250px|Tombstone of Rabbi Auerbach]]
[[File:Grave of Shlomo Zalman Auerbach.jpg|thumb|250px|Auerbach's tombstone]]
[[Sefer (Hebrew)|Sefarim]] authored by Rabbi Auerbach include:
[[Sefer (Hebrew)|Sefarim]] written by Auerbach include:
*'''''Meorei Eish''''', a pioneering work concerning [[electricity]] in halacha, (1935)
*''Meorei Eish'', a pioneering work concerning [[electricity]] in halacha, (1935)
*'''''Ma'adanei Eretz''''', a two-volume book regarding agricultural halacha, (1946)
*''Ma'adanei Eretz'', a two-volume book regarding agricultural halacha, (1946)
*'''''Minchas Shlomo''''' ([[responsa]]), first volume (1986), second volume (2003)
*''Minchas Shlomo'' ([[responsa]]), first volume (1986), second volume (2003)
*'''''Minchas Shlomo''''', a commentary on the [[Talmud]]
*''Minchas Shlomo'', a commentary on the [[Talmud]]


He also authored a commentary on ''[[Shev Shema'tata]]'', which itself is a work of novellae on the Talmud by Rabbi [[Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller]].
He also authored a commentary on ''[[Shev Shema'tata]].''


Most of Rabbi Auerbach's halachic rulings were delivered orally and not published formally. However, his rulings on medical and halacha were summarized and publicized by Rabbi [[Yehoshua Yeshaya Neuwirth|Yehoshua Neuwirth]] in his book ''[[Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah]]'', Rabbi Dr. [[Abraham S. Abraham]] in his ''Nishmat Avraham'', and Rabbi Dr. Avraham Steinberg in his ''Encyclopedia Hilchatit Refuit''.<ref name="stone">{{cite web |url=http://www.thefoundationstone.org/en/beitmidrash/general/3025-medical-halachic-decisions-of-rabbi-shlomo-zalman-auerbach.html |title=Medical-Halachic Decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach |last=Steinberg |first=Avraham |year=2008 |access-date=2 January 2011 |publisher=The Foundation Stone |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218235837/http://www.thefoundationstone.org/en/beitmidrash/general/3025-medical-halachic-decisions-of-rabbi-shlomo-zalman-auerbach.html |archive-date=18 February 2011 }}</ref> Rabbi Neuwirth also made many of Rabbi Auerbach's rulings on Hilkhot Shabbat (Shabbat laws) widely known in his bestselling book, which was first published in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] in 1965<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Milestones.pdf |title=Milestones in Jewish Medical Ethics: Medical-Halachic literature in Israel, 1948-1998 |last=Halperin |first=Mordechai |journal=ASSIA – Jewish Medical Ethics |volume=VI |issue=2 |year=2004 |pages=4–19 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library|pmid=15573422 |access-date=2 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://chinuch.org/AdarI.php |title=Gedolim Yahrtzeits: 20 Adar |last=Saltiel |first=Manny |year=2011 |access-date=2 January 2011 |publisher=chinuch.org}}</ref> and subsequently rendered into [[English language|English]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.feldheim.com/authors/neuwirth-rabbi-yehoshua/shemirath-shabbath.html |title=Shemirath Shabbath: A guide to the practical observance of Shabbath |year=2010 |publisher=[[Feldheim Publishers]] |access-date=2 January 2010}}</ref>
His rulings on medical matters and halacha were summarized and publicized by [[Yehoshua Yeshaya Neuwirth|Yehoshua Neuwirth]] in his book ''[[Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah]]'', [[Abraham S. Abraham]] in his ''Nishmat Avraham'', and Avraham Steinberg in his ''Encyclopedia Hilchatit Refuit''.<ref name="stone">{{cite web |url=http://www.thefoundationstone.org/en/beitmidrash/general/3025-medical-halachic-decisions-of-rabbi-shlomo-zalman-auerbach.html |title=Medical-Halachic Decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach |last=Steinberg |first=Avraham |year=2008 |access-date=2 January 2011 |publisher=The Foundation Stone |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218235837/http://www.thefoundationstone.org/en/beitmidrash/general/3025-medical-halachic-decisions-of-rabbi-shlomo-zalman-auerbach.html |archive-date=18 February 2011 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716191105/http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravauerbach.html Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt"l]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716191105/http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravauerbach.html Auerbach]
*[http://www.tsofar.com/zofar/mashtap/show.asp?id=5776 Video of Rabbi Auerbach zt"l]
*[http://www.tsofar.com/zofar/mashtap/show.asp?id=5776 Video of Auerbach]
*[http://hebrewbooks.org/15096 Volume 1 of shu"t Minchat Shlomo]
*[http://hebrewbooks.org/15096 Volume 1 of shu"t Minchat Shlomo]
*[http://hebrewbooks.org/15097 Volume 2 of shu"t Minchat Shlomo]
*[http://hebrewbooks.org/15097 Volume 2 of shu"t Minchat Shlomo]
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[[Category:Authors of books on Jewish law]]
[[Category:Authors of books on Jewish law]]
[[Category:Hebrew-language writers]]
[[Category:Hebrew-language writers]]
[[Category:Haredi poskim]]

Latest revision as of 18:34, 25 October 2024

Rabbi
Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (left) with Gedaliah Eiseman (1989)
Personal life
Born(1910-07-20)July 20, 1910
Sha'arei Hesed, Ottoman Empire
DiedFebruary 20, 1995(1995-02-20) (aged 84)
Israel
SpouseChaya Rivka Ruchamkin[1]
ChildrenShmuel
Ezriel
Avraham Dov (died 2021)
Mordechai
Yaakov Auerbach
Meir Simcha
Baruch
Religious life
ReligionJudaism
DenominationOrthodox

Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Hebrew: שלמה זלמן אויערבאך; July 20, 1910 – February 20, 1995) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, posek, and rosh yeshiva of the Kol Torah yeshiva in Jerusalem. The Jerusalem neighborhood Ramat Shlomo is named after Auerbach.[2]

Biography

[edit]

Auerbach was the first child to be born in the Sha'arei Hesed neighborhood of Jerusalem founded by his maternal grandfather, Shlomo Zalman Porush, after whom he was named.[1] His father, Chaim Yehuda Leib Auerbach, was rosh yeshiva of Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva, and his mother was named Tzivia.

Following his marriage, he studied under Zvi Pesach Frank at Kollel Kerem Tzion.[citation needed]

His first major published work, Meorei Esh, was the first ever written on the subject of using electricity on Shabbat.[citation needed]

He was the brother-in-law of Rabbi Sholom Schwadron, who married his sister Leah.[3]

Auerbach died on February 20, 1995.[4] An estimated 300,000 - 500,000 people attended his funeral in 1995. He was interred on Har HaMenuchot.

Auerbach had seven sons, including rabbis Shmuel Auerbach and Ezriel Auerbach, and three daughters.

Students

[edit]

Rabbis who were his students include:

Works

[edit]
Auerbach's tombstone

Sefarim written by Auerbach include:

  • Meorei Eish, a pioneering work concerning electricity in halacha, (1935)
  • Ma'adanei Eretz, a two-volume book regarding agricultural halacha, (1946)
  • Minchas Shlomo (responsa), first volume (1986), second volume (2003)
  • Minchas Shlomo, a commentary on the Talmud

He also authored a commentary on Shev Shema'tata.

His rulings on medical matters and halacha were summarized and publicized by Yehoshua Neuwirth in his book Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchatah, Abraham S. Abraham in his Nishmat Avraham, and Avraham Steinberg in his Encyclopedia Hilchatit Refuit.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Sofer, D. "Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt"l". Yated Ne'eman (United States). Archived from the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
  2. ^ "Ramat Shlomo". Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  3. ^ "Rav Yitzchok Hakohein Schwadron zt"l | Matzav.com". Matzav.com. 12 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  4. ^ Avraham Steinberg (January 1997). "Medical-Halachic decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (1910-1995)". Assia, Jewish Medical Ethics. 3 (1): 30–43. PMID 11656725.
  5. ^ Steinberg, Avraham (2008). "Medical-Halachic Decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach". The Foundation Stone. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
[edit]
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