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{{Short description|Italian family}}
{{Infobox noble house
{{Infobox noble house
|surname = Malatesta
|surname=Malatesta
|native_name = de Malatestiis
|native_name=de Malatestiis
|native_name_lang = Latin
|native_name_lang=Latin
|coat of arms = Coat of arms of the House of Malatesta.svg
|coat of arms=Arms of the house of Malatesta.svg
|image_size = 150px
|image_size=150px
|caption = [[Motto]]: "The Indian elephant isn't afraid of mosquitos"<br>({{lang-la|Elephas indus culices non timet}})<ref>{{Cite book|title= Der Antike Mythos und Europa|author1= Francesca Cappelletti|author2= Gerlinde Huber-Rebenich|publisher= Gebrüder Mann Verlag|pages=250|date=1997}}</ref>
|caption=[[Motto]]: "The Indian elephant isn't afraid of mosquitos"<br>({{langx|la|Elephas indus culices non timet}})<ref>{{Cite book|title= Der antike Mythos und Europa
|author1= Francesca Cappelletti
|author2= [[Gerlinde Huber-Rebenich]]
|publisher= Gebrüder Mann Verlag
|pages=250|date=1997}}</ref>
|type = [[Dynasty|Noble house]]
|type=[[Dynasty|Noble house]]
|country = [[Italy]]<br>[[San Marino]]
|country=[[Italy]]<br>[[San Marino]]|estates=[[Castel Sismondo]] ([[Rimini]])<br>[[Rocca Malatestiana]] ([[Cesena]])
|titles={{Collapsible list
|estates = [[Castel Sismondo]] ([[Rimini]])<br>[[Rocca Malatestiana]] ([[Cesena]])
| expand =
|titles = * "[[Lord]] of [[Rimini]]"
| framestyle =
|founded = {{Start date and age|1295}}
| titlestyle =
|founder = [[Malatesta da Verucchio]]
| title =
|final ruler = [[Pandolfo IV Malatesta]]
| liststyle =
|deposition = {{End date|1528}}
| hlist =
|dissolution = {{End date|1619}}
| bullets =
|ethnicity = [[Italians|Italian]]
| [[Lord]] of [[Rimini]]
}}
| [[Ascoli Piceno|Lord of Ascoli Piceno]]
The '''House of Malatesta''' was an Italian family that ruled over [[Rimini]] from 1295 until 1500, as well as (in different periods) other lands and towns in [[Romagna]].
| [[Brescia|Lord of Brescia]]
| [[Bertinoro|Lord of Bertinoro]]
| [[Cervia|Lord of Cervia]]
| [[Cesena|Lord of Cesena]]
| [[Fano|Lord of Fano]]
| [[Fermo|Lord of Fermo]]
| [[Fossombrone|Lord of Fossombrone]]
| [[Iesi|Lord of Iesi]]
| [[Pesaro|Lord of Pesaro]]
| [[Sansepolcro|Lord of Sansepolcro]]
| [[Sogliano al Rubicone|Lord of Sogliano al Rubicone]]
| [[Bologna|Podestà of Bologna]]
| [[Florence|Podestà of Florence]]
| [[Forlì|Podestà of Forlì]]
| [[Padua|Podestà of Padua]]
| [[Podestà]] of Pesaro
| Podestà of Rimini
| [[Capitano del popolo]] of Bologna
| Capitano del popolo of Florence
| Papal vicar


}}|founded={{Start date and age|1295}}|founder=[[Malatesta da Verucchio]]|final ruler=[[Pandolfo IV Malatesta]]|deposition={{End date|1528}}|dissolution={{End date|1619}}}}
[[Malatesta da Verucchio]] (d. 1312), a [[Guelphs|Guelph]] leader, became ''[[podestà]]'' (chief magistrate) of Rimini in 1239 and made himself sole master of the city after the expulsion of the family's [[Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] rivals, the [[Parcitadi]], in 1295.


The '''House of Malatesta''' was an Italian family that ruled over [[Rimini]] from 1295 until 1500, as well as (in different periods) other lands and towns in [[Romagna]] and holding high positions in the government of cities in present-day [[Tuscany]], [[Lombardy]] and [[Marche]]. The dynasty is considered among the most important and influential of the [[Late Middle Ages]]. In the period of maximum influence, they extended their domains along the [[Marche]] coast, up to [[Ascoli Piceno]], [[Senigallia]], [[Sansepolcro]] and [[Citerna]], and to the north, on the territories of [[Bergamo]] and [[Brescia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MALATESTA in "Enciclopedia Italiana"|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/malatesta_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)|access-date=2021-04-26|website=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT}}</ref>
His hunchback son [[Giovanni Malatesta]] is chiefly famous because he murdered his wife [[Francesca da Rimini|Francesca da Polenta]] and younger brother [[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo]] in 1285, having discovered them in adultery, and the murder is recorded in [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]].


==History==
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Malatestas ruled over a number of cities in the Romagna and the [[Marche]], including [[Pesaro]], [[Fano]], [[Cesena]], [[Fossombrone]] and [[Cervia]].


The family's progenitor is said to be Rodolfo of [[Carpegna]] whose fighting spirit yielded him the sobriquet ''mala testa'' ("bad head"). From 1004 onward, he built a castle on the rock of [[Pennabilli]].
Several Malatestas were [[condottiere|condottieri]] at the service of various Italian states. The most famous was [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]], who was engaged in conflict with the papacy over territorial claims. His grandson [[Pandolfaccio Malatesta|Pandolfo]] was eventually expelled from Rimini in 1500 by [[Cesare Borgia]] and the city was finally incorporated in the Papal States in 1528, after the last failed attempt of Pandolfo's son, [[Sigismondo Malatesta|Sigismondo]].


In the 11th century, the family had possessions in the region of [[Gabicce Mare]], [[Gatteo]], and [[Poggio Berni]]. Giovanni Malatesta (d. 1150) owned some land between rivers [[Marecchia]] and [[Rubicon]], and was the first to settle down in Rimini. His son married into the [[Traversari]] family, who were lords of [[Ravenna]] and Rimini during the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1186, the Malatesta became lords of [[Torriana]]. Giovanni's grandsons Giovanni and Malatesta I Malatesta (1183–1248) founded the branches of the Counts of [[Sogliano al Rubicone]] (extinguished in 1640) and "della Penna" of Pennabilli and [[Verucchio]] (until 1462). In 1216, they became citizens of Rimini.
==Malatesta Family ==

<gallery>
File:Mura Malatestiane o Castello di Penna.jpg|[[Pennabilli]]
File:Rocca di Torriana (maggio 2011).jpg|[[Torriana]]
File:Panorama Verucchio.jpg|[[Verucchio]]
</gallery>

Malatesta I became ''[[podestà]]'' (chief magistrate) of Pistoia in 1228 and of Rimini in 1239 and 1247. During the struggles between papal and imperial followers ([[Guelphs and Ghibellines]]), he supported emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]. His son however, [[Malatesta da Verucchio]] (d. 1312), switched sides after the emperor's defeat near Parma in 1248, and became leader of the [[Guelphs]] while Guido I of [[House of Montefeltro|Montefeltro]] took the lead of the Ghibellines in the [[Marche]] and [[Romagna]] regions. Malatesta da Verucchio made himself sole master of the city ("[[Signoria|signore]]") after the expulsion of the family's Ghibelline rivals, the [[Parcitadi]], in 1295. His hunchback son [[Giovanni Malatesta]] is chiefly famous because he murdered his wife [[Francesca da Rimini|Francesca da Polenta]] and his younger brother [[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo]] in 1285, having discovered them in adultery, and the murder is recorded in [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)|Inferno]] as well as in a story by [[Giovanni Boccaccio]].

Malatestino I, Giovanni's brother, became ''capitano'' of the Guelphs of [[Bologna]] in 1296 and of [[Florence]] in 1303. In 1312, he destroyed his Ghibelline cousins' castle at Sogliano, and in 1312, he followed his father as lord of Rimini. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Malatestas ruled over a number of cities in the Romagna and the Marche, including [[Pesaro]], [[Fano]], [[Cesena]], [[Fossombrone]], and [[Cervia]]. Several Malatestas were [[condottiere|condottieri]] at the service of various Italian states. [[Malatesta Novello]] built the [[Malatestiana Library]] at Cesena from 1447 to 1452.

[[File:Piero, ritratto di sigismondo malatesta.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]] (1417-1468), ''by [[Piero della Francesca]]'']]
The most famous was [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]], who was engaged in conflict with the papacy over territorial claims, as well as with his rival [[Federico da Montefeltro]]. In the end, he lost almost all of his territories, except for Rimini which he held with the support of the [[Republic of Venice]]. He had, however, built the cathedral of Rimini, the [[Tempio Malatestiano]], from 1450. His grandson [[Pandolfaccio Malatesta|Pandolfo]] was eventually expelled from Rimini in 1500 by [[Cesare Borgia]] and the city was finally incorporated in the Papal States in 1528, after the last failed attempt of Pandolfo's son, [[Sigismondo Malatesta|Sigismondo]]. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the family still provided a number of condottieri; the Sogliano branch extinguished in 1640; the last of the Rimini branch was the [[Jesuit]] Roberto Malatesta (d. 1708), and the Ghiaggiolo branch extinguished with Lamberto in 1757.

<gallery>
File:Wikilovesmonuments2016 - palazzo dell'arengo.jpg|''Palazzo dell'Arengo'', Rimini
File:Tempio malatestiano, esterno 03.JPG|[[Tempio Malatestiano]], Rimini
File:La rocca malatestiana di Cesena.jpg|Malatesta Castle at [[Cesena]]
File:17 settembre 2016-IMG 0338-2.jpg|[[Malatestiana Library]] at Cesena
</gallery>

==Malatesta Family Members==


*(1) Malatesta dalla Penna (d.1248)
*(1) Malatesta dalla Penna (d.1248)
Line 33: Line 80:


'''1st generation''':
'''1st generation''':
*(3) [[Malatestino Malatesta|Malatestino 'dell Occhio']] (d.1316) (son of 2) - Lord of [[Rimini]], 1312
*(3) [[Malatestino Malatesta|Malatestino 'dell'Occhio']] (d.1316) (son of 2) - Lord of [[Rimini]], 1312
*(4) [[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo 'il Bello']] (d.1285) (son of 2) - murdered by 5
*(4) [[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo 'il Bello']] (d.1285) (son of 2) - murdered by 5
*(5) [[Giovanni Malatesta|Giovanni 'Gianciotto']] (d.1304) (son of 2)
*(5) [[Giovanni Malatesta|Giovanni 'Gianciotto']] (d.1304) (son of 2)
Line 42: Line 89:
*(7) [[Ferrantino Malatesta|Ferrantino]] (d.1353) (son of 3) - Lord of [[Rimini]], 1326, deposed & imprisoned by 11, 1334
*(7) [[Ferrantino Malatesta|Ferrantino]] (d.1353) (son of 3) - Lord of [[Rimini]], 1326, deposed & imprisoned by 11, 1334
''di Paolo'':
''di Paolo'':
*(8) [[Uberto Malatesta|Uberto, Count of Giaggolo]] (d.1323) (son of 4) - murdered by 9
*(9) [[Ramberto Malatesta|Ramberto]] (d.1330) (son of 4) - murdered by 14
*(10) Guido the Archpriest (d.1334?) (son of 4)
''di Giancotto''
''di Gianciotto''
*(9) [[Ramberto Malatesta|Ramberto]] (d.1330) (son of 5) - murdered by 14
*(10) Guido the Archpriest (d.1334?) (son of 5)
*(8) [[Uberto Malatesta|Uberto, Count of Giaggolo]] (d.1323) (son of 5) - murdered by 9
''di Pandolfo'':
''di Pandolfo'':
*(11) [[Malatesta II Malatesta|Malatesta II 'Guastafamiglia']] (d.1364) (son of 6) - Lord of [[Pesaro]], 1326; and [[Rimini]], 1334
*(11) [[Malatesta II Malatesta|Malatesta II 'Guastafamiglia']] (d.1364) (son of 6) - Lord of [[Pesaro]], 1326; and [[Rimini]], 1334
Line 67: Line 114:


''di Pandolfino'':
''di Pandolfino'':
*(21) Ferrantino Novello (d.1352) (son of 13)
*(21) Ferrantino Novello (d.1352) (son of 13)
*(22) Guido (d.1334) (son of 13) - imprisoned & prob. murdered by 11
*(22) Guido (d.1334) (son of 13) - imprisoned & probably murdered by 11

==Family tree of Malatesta==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | MdV |MdV=[[Malatesta da Verucchio|Malatesta I]]<br>lord of Rimini}}
{{familytree| | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree| | | PIM | | | | | | Gio | | | | | | Mal | | | | | | Pao |Gio=[[Giovanni Malatesta|Giovanni]]<br>lord of Pesaro|Pao=[[Paolo Malatesta|Paolo]]<br>capitano in Florence|Mal=[[Malatestino Malatesta|Malatestino]]<br>lord of Rimini|PIM=[[Pandolfo I Malatesta|Pandolfo I]]<br>lord of Rimini, Pesaro}}
{{familytree| | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | Ma2 | | | | | | | | | | Ga1 | | Fer | | | | | | Ram |Ma2=[[Malatesta II Malatesta|Malatesta II]]<br>lord of Rimini, Pesaro<br>BRANCH OF PESARO|Ga1=[[Galeotto I Malatesta|Galeotto]]<br>lord of Rimini, Fano, Cesena, Fossombrone<br>BRANCH OF RIMINI|Fer=[[Ferrantino Malatesta|Ferrantino]]<br>lord of Rimini|Ram=[[Ramberto Malatesta|Ramberto]]<br>claimant}}
{{familytree| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree| | | Pa2 | | Ung | | Ca1 | | Pa3 | | And |Pa2=[[Pandolfo II Malatesta|Pandolfo II]]<br>lord of Pesaro|Ung=[[Malatesta Ungaro|Ungaro]]<br>lord of Jesi|Ca1=[[Carlo I Malatesta|Carlo I]]<br>lord of Rimini, Pesaro, Fano, Cesena|Pa3=[[Pandolfo III Malatesta|Pandolfo III]]<br>lord of Fano|And=[[Andrea Malatesta|Andrea]]<br>lord of Fossobrone}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree| | | Ma4 | | | | | | GRM | | Nov | | Sig |Ma4=[[Malatesta IV Malatesta|Malatesta III]]<br>lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone, Jesi|GRM=[[Galeotto Roberto Malatesta|Galeotto Roberto]]<br>lord of Rimini|Sig=(illeg.)<br>[[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta|Sigismondo Pandolfo]]<br>lord of Rimini, Fano|Nov=Domenico [[Malatesta Novello|Novello]]<br>condottiero}}
{{familytree| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | Gal | | Ca2 | | Cle |~| T2P | | Rob |Gal=[[Galeazzo Malatesta|Galeazzo]]<br>lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone|Ca2=[[Carlo II Malatesta|Carlo II]]<br>lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone|Cle=[[Cleofa Malatesta]]|T2P=[[Theodore II Palaiologos]]<br>despot of Morea|Rob=[[Roberto Malatesta|Roberto]]<br>lord of Rimini}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pa4 |Pa4=[[Pandolfo IV Malatesta|Pandolfo IV]]<br>lord of Rimini}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sig |Sig=[[Sigismondo Malatesta|Sigismondo]]<br>condottiero}}
{{familytree/end}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[:Category:House of Malatesta|House of Malatesta members]]
*[[:Category:House of Malatesta|House of Malatesta members]]
*[[Condottieri]]


==References==
==References==
Line 84: Line 149:
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09566a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09566a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article]
{{Royal houses of Europe}}
{{Royal houses of Italy}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:House of Malatesta| ]]
[[Category:Italian noble families|Malatesta]]
[[Category:Italian noble families|Malatesta]]
[[Category:House of Malatesta|*]]
[[Category:European royal families]]

Latest revision as of 18:37, 25 October 2024

Malatesta
de Malatestiis
Noble house
Motto: "The Indian elephant isn't afraid of mosquitos"
(Latin: Elephas indus culices non timet)[1]
CountryItaly
San Marino
Founded1295; 729 years ago (1295)
FounderMalatesta da Verucchio
Final rulerPandolfo IV Malatesta
Titles
List
Estate(s)Castel Sismondo (Rimini)
Rocca Malatestiana (Cesena)
Dissolution1619 (1619)
Deposition1528 (1528)

The House of Malatesta was an Italian family that ruled over Rimini from 1295 until 1500, as well as (in different periods) other lands and towns in Romagna and holding high positions in the government of cities in present-day Tuscany, Lombardy and Marche. The dynasty is considered among the most important and influential of the Late Middle Ages. In the period of maximum influence, they extended their domains along the Marche coast, up to Ascoli Piceno, Senigallia, Sansepolcro and Citerna, and to the north, on the territories of Bergamo and Brescia.[2]

History

[edit]

The family's progenitor is said to be Rodolfo of Carpegna whose fighting spirit yielded him the sobriquet mala testa ("bad head"). From 1004 onward, he built a castle on the rock of Pennabilli.

In the 11th century, the family had possessions in the region of Gabicce Mare, Gatteo, and Poggio Berni. Giovanni Malatesta (d. 1150) owned some land between rivers Marecchia and Rubicon, and was the first to settle down in Rimini. His son married into the Traversari family, who were lords of Ravenna and Rimini during the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1186, the Malatesta became lords of Torriana. Giovanni's grandsons Giovanni and Malatesta I Malatesta (1183–1248) founded the branches of the Counts of Sogliano al Rubicone (extinguished in 1640) and "della Penna" of Pennabilli and Verucchio (until 1462). In 1216, they became citizens of Rimini.

Malatesta I became podestà (chief magistrate) of Pistoia in 1228 and of Rimini in 1239 and 1247. During the struggles between papal and imperial followers (Guelphs and Ghibellines), he supported emperor Frederick II. His son however, Malatesta da Verucchio (d. 1312), switched sides after the emperor's defeat near Parma in 1248, and became leader of the Guelphs while Guido I of Montefeltro took the lead of the Ghibellines in the Marche and Romagna regions. Malatesta da Verucchio made himself sole master of the city ("signore") after the expulsion of the family's Ghibelline rivals, the Parcitadi, in 1295. His hunchback son Giovanni Malatesta is chiefly famous because he murdered his wife Francesca da Polenta and his younger brother Paolo in 1285, having discovered them in adultery, and the murder is recorded in Dante's Inferno as well as in a story by Giovanni Boccaccio.

Malatestino I, Giovanni's brother, became capitano of the Guelphs of Bologna in 1296 and of Florence in 1303. In 1312, he destroyed his Ghibelline cousins' castle at Sogliano, and in 1312, he followed his father as lord of Rimini. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Malatestas ruled over a number of cities in the Romagna and the Marche, including Pesaro, Fano, Cesena, Fossombrone, and Cervia. Several Malatestas were condottieri at the service of various Italian states. Malatesta Novello built the Malatestiana Library at Cesena from 1447 to 1452.

Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (1417-1468), by Piero della Francesca

The most famous was Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, who was engaged in conflict with the papacy over territorial claims, as well as with his rival Federico da Montefeltro. In the end, he lost almost all of his territories, except for Rimini which he held with the support of the Republic of Venice. He had, however, built the cathedral of Rimini, the Tempio Malatestiano, from 1450. His grandson Pandolfo was eventually expelled from Rimini in 1500 by Cesare Borgia and the city was finally incorporated in the Papal States in 1528, after the last failed attempt of Pandolfo's son, Sigismondo. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the family still provided a number of condottieri; the Sogliano branch extinguished in 1640; the last of the Rimini branch was the Jesuit Roberto Malatesta (d. 1708), and the Ghiaggiolo branch extinguished with Lamberto in 1757.

Malatesta Family Members

[edit]

1st generation:

2nd generation:
di Malatestino:

  • (7) Ferrantino (d.1353) (son of 3) - Lord of Rimini, 1326, deposed & imprisoned by 11, 1334

di Paolo:

  • (9) Ramberto (d.1330) (son of 4) - murdered by 14
  • (10) Guido the Archpriest (d.1334?) (son of 4)

di Gianciotto

di Pandolfo:

3rd generation:
di Ferrantino:

  • (13) Pandolfino (d.?) (son of 7)
  • (14) Malatestino Novello (d.1335) (son of 7) - imprisoned & prob. murdered by 11.

di Malatesta:

di Galeotto:

4th generation

di Pandolfino:

  • (21) Ferrantino Novello (d.1352) (son of 13)
  • (22) Guido (d.1334) (son of 13) - imprisoned & probably murdered by 11

Family tree of Malatesta

[edit]
Malatesta I
lord of Rimini
Pandolfo I
lord of Rimini, Pesaro		Giovanni
lord of Pesaro		Malatestino
lord of Rimini		Paolo
capitano in Florence
Malatesta II
lord of Rimini, Pesaro
BRANCH OF PESARO		Galeotto
lord of Rimini, Fano, Cesena, Fossombrone
BRANCH OF RIMINI		Ferrantino
lord of Rimini		Ramberto
claimant
Pandolfo II
lord of Pesaro		Ungaro
lord of Jesi		Carlo I
lord of Rimini, Pesaro, Fano, Cesena		Pandolfo III
lord of Fano		Andrea
lord of Fossobrone
Malatesta III
lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone, Jesi		Galeotto Roberto
lord of Rimini		Domenico Novello
condottiero		(illeg.)
Sigismondo Pandolfo
lord of Rimini, Fano
Galeazzo
lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone		Carlo II
lord of Pesaro, Fossombrone		Cleofa MalatestaTheodore II Palaiologos
despot of Morea		Roberto
lord of Rimini
Pandolfo IV
lord of Rimini
Sigismondo
condottiero

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Francesca Cappelletti; Gerlinde Huber-Rebenich (1997). Der antike Mythos und Europa. Gebrüder Mann Verlag. p. 250.
  2. ^ "MALATESTA in "Enciclopedia Italiana"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-04-26.

Sources

[edit]
  • J. Larner (1965) The Lords of Romagna: Romagnol society and the origins of the Signorie, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 243
  • P. H. Wicksteed and E.G. Gardner, (1902) Dante and Giovanni del Virgilio, Westminster: Archibald Constable, p. 249, 336
[edit]
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