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{{Short description|German public lawyer (1851–1911)}}
[[Image:Georg Jellinek.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Georg Jellinek]]
{{For|the American radio host (1909–2010)|George Jellinek}}
'''Georg Jellinek''' ([[June 16]], [[1851]], [[Leipzig]]–[[January 12]], [[1911]], [[Heidelberg]]) was a [[Germany|German]] [[Philosophy of law|legal philosopher]]. Jellinek is associated with [[legal positivism]] but is critical of that theory on the grounds that [[law]] should be understood as having an intrinsic relationship with [[society]].
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{See also|Jellinek}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Georg Jellinek
| image = Georg Jellinek.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Georg Jellinek
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1851|6|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Leipzig]], [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]], [[German Confederation|Germany]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1911|1|12|1851|6|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Heidelberg]], [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]], [[German Empire|Germany]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = Jurist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Georg Jellinek''' (16 June 1851 – 12 January 1911) was a German [[public law]]yer and was considered to be "''the'' exponent of public law in Austria“.<ref>{{cite book |first=Christoph |last=Schönberger |chapter=Ein Liberaler zwischen Staatswille und Volkswille: Georg Jellinek und die Krise des staatsrechtlichen Positivismus um die Jahrhundertwende |editor-first=Stanley L. |editor-last=Paulson |editor2-first=Martin |editor2-last=Schulte |title=Georg Jellinek: Beiträge zu Leben und Werk |volume=27 |series=Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts |publisher=Mohr Siebeck |location=Tübingen |year=2000 |isbn=3-16-147377-9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcrkceCSNW8C&pg=PA3 |pages=3 ff }}</ref>


==Life==
Jellinek is best known for his essay ''The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen'' (1895), which argues for a universal theory of [[right]]s, as opposed to the culturally and nationally specific arguments then in vogue (particularly that of [[Émile Boutmy]]). Jellinek argued that the [[French Revolution]], which was the focal point of 19th century [[political theory]], should not be thought of as arising from a purely French tradition (namely the tradition stemming from [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]) but as a close analogue of [[revolution|revolutionary]] movements and ideas in [[England]] and the [[United States]].
Jellinek was born in [[Leipzig]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=1911 |title=Georg Jellinek |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/georg-jellinek/684A64679D73491E1AD7A35AC93682A3 |journal=American Journal of International Law |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=716–718 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000238244 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> His father, [[Adolf Jellinek]], was an Austrian rabbi.<ref name=":0" />


From 1867, Jellinek studied law, [[history of art]] and [[philosophy]] at the [[University of Vienna]]. He also studied [[philosophy]], [[history]] and law in [[Heidelberg]] and Leipzig up until 1872. He was the son of [[Adolf Jellinek]], a famous preacher in Vienna's Jewish community. In 1872 he completed his ''Dr. phil.'' thesis in Leipzig (''The Socio-Ethical Meaning of Justice, Injustice and Punishment'') and in 1874 also his ''Dr. jur.'' in Vienna.
Jellinek, the son of [[Adolf Jellinek]], a [[Rabbinic literature|rabbinical scholar]], converted to [[Christianity]]. He taught at the Universities of [[University of Vienna|Vienna]], [[University of Basel|Basel]], and [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]]. While teaching there, he wrote his most ambitious work, ''Allgemeine Staatslehre'' (''General Theory of the State'') in 1900.


In 1879 he qualified as a professor at the University of [[Vienna]]. Jellinek was later visiting professor of legal philosophy in Vienna, in 1881 he was named a member of the commission for state exams and one year later he published his seminal work, ''The Theory of the Unifications of States'' (1882). In 1883 he was given the prestigious title of Professor of [[Public law|Public Law]] at the [[University of Vienna]]. In 1889 he was duly given a professorship in [[Basel]] and left the academic service of [[Austria-Hungary]]. From 1891 he was [[Professor|Ordinarius]] for general Public Law and [[International Law]] at the [[Heidelberg University]]. In 1900 he compiled his main work, ''General Theory of the State''.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
==External links==
*[http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/22.3/kelly.html Duncan Kelly, "Revisiting the Rights of Man: Georg Jellinek on Rights and the State"]. ''Law and History Review'' vol. 22, no. 3 (Fall 2004).


He was married to [[Camilla Jellinek]], née Wertheim (1860–1940), who was persuaded to join the [[Feminist movement|Women's Movement]] by [[Marianne Weber]] in 1900 and became famous there especially for her work with providing women with legal aid and the production of draft reforms of the criminal law. The couple had six children, born between 1884 and 1896, of which just four survived childhood{{mdash}}among them son Walter, who also became a law professor and edited a final, posthumous edition of ''General Theory of the State''; daughter Dora, who survived<!--from WP:de--> the [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]; and youngest son, Otto, who died in 1943 as a result of abuse at the hands of the [[Gestapo]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
{{BD|1851|1911|Jellinek, Georg}}
[[Category:Political philosophers]]
[[Category:German philosophers]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:People from Leipzig]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Saxony]]
[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Christianity]]


Jellinek is best known for his essay ''The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen'' (1895), which argues for a universal theory of rights, as opposed to the culturally and nationally specific arguments then in vogue (particularly that of [[Émile Boutmy]]). Jellinek argued that the [[French Revolution]], which was the focal point of 19th-century [[political theory]], should not be thought of as arising from a purely French tradition (namely the tradition stemming from [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]) but as a close analogue of revolutionary movements and ideas in England and the United States.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
[[de:Georg Jellinek]]

[[et:Georg Jellinek]]
== Career ==
[[es:Georg Jellinek]]
[[File:Jellinek grab.JPG|thumb|180px|His grave in Heidelberg]]
[[fr:Georg Jellinek]]
Jellinek studied law in 1867 at the [[University of Vienna]] along with [[art history]] and [[philosophy]]. In addition he continued studies until 1872 in [[philosophy]], [[history]] and law at [[Heidelberg University]] and at the [[Leipzig University]]. Jellinek attended Leipzig in 1872 writing a [[dissertation]] on ''The Worldviews of Leibnitz and Schopenhauer'' and received his ''[[Doctor of Philosophy|Dr. phil.]]'' In 1874, he also received the ''[[Doctor of Law|Dr. jur.]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
[[ko:게오르그 옐리네크]]

[[lt:Georg Jellinek]]
In 1879 Jellinek received his [[habilitation]] at the University of Vienna. He then became a lecturer for the [[philosophy of law]] in Vienna, and in 1881 he was appointed a member of the State Examination Commission. In the following year, Jellinek published one of his seminal works titled ''The Doctrine of Federated States'' (1882). In 1883 he was appointed extraordinary professor of [[constitutional law]] in Vienna. In 1889 he became a full professor at [[University of Basel|Basel University]], and retired from his academic position in Vienna. In 1891 Jellinek became a [[professor]] of law at the Heidelberg University, and in 1900 he wrote his ''magnum opus'', the ''General Theory of State''. In 1907 he became the first Jewish [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of Heidelberg University.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
[[ja:ゲオルグ・イェリネック]]

[[pl:Georg Jellinek]]
== Writings ==
[[pt:Georg Jellinek]]
The majority of Jellinek's writings remains yet untranslated from the German original.
[[sv:Georg Jellinek]]
* ''Die Weltanschauungen Leibnitz’ und Schopenhauer’s: Ihre Gründe und ihre Berechtigung. Eine Studie über Optimismus und Pessimismus.'' Vienna: Hölder, 1872 ([http://www.bsb-muenchen-digital.de/~db/1101/bsb11017954/images/index.html digital copy]).
* ''Die Lehre von den Staatenverbindungen.'' Haering, Berlin 1882 ([https://archive.org/details/dielehrevondens01jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''Die socialethische Bedeutung von Recht, Unrecht und Strafe.'' Vienna: Hölder, 1878 ([https://archive.org/details/diesocialethisc00jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''Die rechtliche Natur der Staatenverträge: Ein Beitrag zur juristischen Construction des Völkerrechts.'' Vienna: Hölder, 1880 ([https://archive.org/details/dierechtlichena00jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''Österreich-Ungarn und Rumänien in der Donaufrage: Eine völkerrechtliche Untersuchung.'' Vienna: Hölder, 1884 ([https://archive.org/details/sterreichungarn00jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''Gesetz und Verordnung: Staatsrechtliche Untersuchungen auf rechtsgeschichtlicher und rechtsvergleichender Grundlage.'' Freiburg im Breisgau: Mohr, 1887 ([https://archive.org/details/gesetzundverord00jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''System der subjektiven öffentlichen Rechte.'' Freiburg im Breisgau: Mohr, 1892 ([https://archive.org/details/systemdersubjek00jellgoog digital copy]).
* ''Allgemeine Staatslehre'' (= ''Recht des modernen Staates.'' Vol. 1). Berlin, 1900; 2nd edition 1905 ([https://archive.org/details/allgemeinestaat00jellgoog digital copy]); 3rd edition 1914 ([https://www.archive.org/details/allgemeinestaats00jelliala digital copy]).

== Literature ==
* Andreas Anter (Hrsg.): ''Die normative Kraft des Faktischen: das Staatsverständnis Georg Jellineks''. Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 2004, {{ISBN|3-8329-0733-5}}.
* {{NDB|10|391|392|Jellinek, Georg|Alexander Hollerbach|118711989}}
* Camilla Jellinek: ''Georg Jellinek. Ein Lebensbild''. In: Georg Jellinek, Ausgewählte Schriften und Reden, Bd. 1, Neudruck Aalen 1970, S. 5–140.
* Christian Keller: ''Victor Ehrenberg und Georg Jellinek. Briefwechsel 1872–1911'', Frankfurt am Main 2005, {{ISBN|978-3-465-03406-3}}.
* Klaus Kempter: ''Die Jellineks 1820–1955. Eine familienbiographische Studie zum deutschjüdischen Bildungsbürgertum.'' Düsseldorf 1998.
* Jens Kersten: ''Georg Jellinek und die klassische Staatslehre''. Verlag Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 2000, {{ISBN|3-16-147348-5}}.
* Realino Marra: ''La religione dei diritti. Durkheim – Jellinek – Weber.'' Giappichelli, Turin 2006, {{ISBN|88-348-6617-7}}.
* Stanley L. Paulson (Hrsg.): ''Georg Jellinek: Beiträge zu Leben und Werk''. Verlag Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 2000, {{ISBN|3-16-147377-9}}.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal | jstor=4141687 |first=Duncan |last=Kelly |title=Revisiting the Rights of Man: Georg Jellinek on Rights and the State |journal=Law and History Review |volume=22 |issue=3 |year=2004 |pages=493–529|publisher=American Society for Legal History |doi=10.2307/4141687 |s2cid=145078468 }}<!--|access-date=10 November 2013-->

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|Georg Jellinek}}
{{Commons category|Georg Jellinek}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=34192| name=Georg Jellinek}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Georg Jellinek}}
* {{DNB-Portal|118711989}}
* [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/sonst/aj/PERSONEN/JELLINEK/jellitit.htm Familienpapiere Jellinek 1850–1960] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192428/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/sonst/aj/PERSONEN/JELLINEK/jellitit.htm |date=2016-03-03 }})
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090419065320/http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/oeffentlichesrecht2.pdf Matthias Hartwig: ''Der Staat als Gegenstand des Staatsrechts'']
* [http://www.enzyklopaedie-rechtsphilosophie.net/inhaltsverzeichnis/19-beitraege/102-jellinek Jens Kersten: ''Georg Jellinek'']

{{Jurisprudence}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jellinek, Georg}}
[[Category:German male writers]]
[[Category:19th-century German philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century German philosophers]]
[[Category:19th-century German Jews]]
[[Category:Austrian people of Czech-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Jewish philosophers]]
[[Category:German political philosophers]]
[[Category:Writers from Leipzig]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Saxony]]
[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Jurists from Saxony]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]

Latest revision as of 18:44, 25 October 2024

Georg Jellinek
Georg Jellinek
Born(1851-06-16)16 June 1851
Died12 January 1911(1911-01-12) (aged 59)
OccupationJurist

Georg Jellinek (16 June 1851 – 12 January 1911) was a German public lawyer and was considered to be "the exponent of public law in Austria“.[1]

Life

[edit]

Jellinek was born in Leipzig.[2] His father, Adolf Jellinek, was an Austrian rabbi.[2]

From 1867, Jellinek studied law, history of art and philosophy at the University of Vienna. He also studied philosophy, history and law in Heidelberg and Leipzig up until 1872. He was the son of Adolf Jellinek, a famous preacher in Vienna's Jewish community. In 1872 he completed his Dr. phil. thesis in Leipzig (The Socio-Ethical Meaning of Justice, Injustice and Punishment) and in 1874 also his Dr. jur. in Vienna.

In 1879 he qualified as a professor at the University of Vienna. Jellinek was later visiting professor of legal philosophy in Vienna, in 1881 he was named a member of the commission for state exams and one year later he published his seminal work, The Theory of the Unifications of States (1882). In 1883 he was given the prestigious title of Professor of Public Law at the University of Vienna. In 1889 he was duly given a professorship in Basel and left the academic service of Austria-Hungary. From 1891 he was Ordinarius for general Public Law and International Law at the Heidelberg University. In 1900 he compiled his main work, General Theory of the State.[citation needed]

He was married to Camilla Jellinek, née Wertheim (1860–1940), who was persuaded to join the Women's Movement by Marianne Weber in 1900 and became famous there especially for her work with providing women with legal aid and the production of draft reforms of the criminal law. The couple had six children, born between 1884 and 1896, of which just four survived childhood—among them son Walter, who also became a law professor and edited a final, posthumous edition of General Theory of the State; daughter Dora, who survived the Theresienstadt concentration camp; and youngest son, Otto, who died in 1943 as a result of abuse at the hands of the Gestapo.[citation needed]

Jellinek is best known for his essay The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1895), which argues for a universal theory of rights, as opposed to the culturally and nationally specific arguments then in vogue (particularly that of Émile Boutmy). Jellinek argued that the French Revolution, which was the focal point of 19th-century political theory, should not be thought of as arising from a purely French tradition (namely the tradition stemming from Jean-Jacques Rousseau) but as a close analogue of revolutionary movements and ideas in England and the United States.[citation needed]

Career

[edit]
His grave in Heidelberg

Jellinek studied law in 1867 at the University of Vienna along with art history and philosophy. In addition he continued studies until 1872 in philosophy, history and law at Heidelberg University and at the Leipzig University. Jellinek attended Leipzig in 1872 writing a dissertation on The Worldviews of Leibnitz and Schopenhauer and received his Dr. phil. In 1874, he also received the Dr. jur.[citation needed]

In 1879 Jellinek received his habilitation at the University of Vienna. He then became a lecturer for the philosophy of law in Vienna, and in 1881 he was appointed a member of the State Examination Commission. In the following year, Jellinek published one of his seminal works titled The Doctrine of Federated States (1882). In 1883 he was appointed extraordinary professor of constitutional law in Vienna. In 1889 he became a full professor at Basel University, and retired from his academic position in Vienna. In 1891 Jellinek became a professor of law at the Heidelberg University, and in 1900 he wrote his magnum opus, the General Theory of State. In 1907 he became the first Jewish rector of Heidelberg University.[citation needed]

Writings

[edit]

The majority of Jellinek's writings remains yet untranslated from the German original.

  • Die Weltanschauungen Leibnitz’ und Schopenhauer’s: Ihre Gründe und ihre Berechtigung. Eine Studie über Optimismus und Pessimismus. Vienna: Hölder, 1872 (digital copy).
  • Die Lehre von den Staatenverbindungen. Haering, Berlin 1882 (digital copy).
  • Die socialethische Bedeutung von Recht, Unrecht und Strafe. Vienna: Hölder, 1878 (digital copy).
  • Die rechtliche Natur der Staatenverträge: Ein Beitrag zur juristischen Construction des Völkerrechts. Vienna: Hölder, 1880 (digital copy).
  • Österreich-Ungarn und Rumänien in der Donaufrage: Eine völkerrechtliche Untersuchung. Vienna: Hölder, 1884 (digital copy).
  • Gesetz und Verordnung: Staatsrechtliche Untersuchungen auf rechtsgeschichtlicher und rechtsvergleichender Grundlage. Freiburg im Breisgau: Mohr, 1887 (digital copy).
  • System der subjektiven öffentlichen Rechte. Freiburg im Breisgau: Mohr, 1892 (digital copy).
  • Allgemeine Staatslehre (= Recht des modernen Staates. Vol. 1). Berlin, 1900; 2nd edition 1905 (digital copy); 3rd edition 1914 (digital copy).

Literature

[edit]
  • Andreas Anter (Hrsg.): Die normative Kraft des Faktischen: das Staatsverständnis Georg Jellineks. Nomos-Verlag, Baden-Baden 2004, ISBN 3-8329-0733-5.
  • Alexander Hollerbach (1974), "Jellinek, Georg", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 10, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 391–392; (full text online)
  • Camilla Jellinek: Georg Jellinek. Ein Lebensbild. In: Georg Jellinek, Ausgewählte Schriften und Reden, Bd. 1, Neudruck Aalen 1970, S. 5–140.
  • Christian Keller: Victor Ehrenberg und Georg Jellinek. Briefwechsel 1872–1911, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-465-03406-3.
  • Klaus Kempter: Die Jellineks 1820–1955. Eine familienbiographische Studie zum deutschjüdischen Bildungsbürgertum. Düsseldorf 1998.
  • Jens Kersten: Georg Jellinek und die klassische Staatslehre. Verlag Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-16-147348-5.
  • Realino Marra: La religione dei diritti. Durkheim – Jellinek – Weber. Giappichelli, Turin 2006, ISBN 88-348-6617-7.
  • Stanley L. Paulson (Hrsg.): Georg Jellinek: Beiträge zu Leben und Werk. Verlag Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-16-147377-9.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Schönberger, Christoph (2000). "Ein Liberaler zwischen Staatswille und Volkswille: Georg Jellinek und die Krise des staatsrechtlichen Positivismus um die Jahrhundertwende". In Paulson, Stanley L.; Schulte, Martin (eds.). Georg Jellinek: Beiträge zu Leben und Werk. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Vol. 27. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 3 ff. ISBN 3-16-147377-9.
  2. ^ a b "Georg Jellinek". American Journal of International Law. 5 (3): 716–718. 1911. doi:10.1017/S0002930000238244. ISSN 0002-9300.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kelly, Duncan (2004). "Revisiting the Rights of Man: Georg Jellinek on Rights and the State". Law and History Review. 22 (3). American Society for Legal History: 493–529. doi:10.2307/4141687. JSTOR 4141687. S2CID 145078468.
[edit]