Dictionnaire Historique et Critique: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Biographical dictionary by Pierre Bayle}} |
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The '''''Dictionnaire Historique et Critique''''' ( |
The '''''Dictionnaire Historique et Critique''''' ({{IPA|fr|diksjɔnɛːʁ istɔʁik e kʁitik}}; {{langx|en|Historical and Critical Dictionary|i=yes}}) was a French [[biographical dictionary]] written by [[Pierre Bayle]] (1647–1706), a [[Huguenot]] philosopher who lived and published in Rotterdam, in the [[Dutch Republic|Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]], after fleeing his native France due to [[religious persecution]]. In 1689, Bayle began making notes on errors and omissions in Louis Moreri's ''[[Grand Dictionaire historique]]'' (1674),<ref>H. H. M. van Lieshout, ''The Making of Pierre Bayle's Dictionnaire historique et critique with a CD-ROM containing the Dictionnaire's Library and References between Articles'', trans. Lynne Richards (Amsterdam: APA-Holland UP, 2001), 2.</ref> a previous encyclopedia, and these notes ultimately developed into his own ''Dictionnaire''. |
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Bayle used the dictionary to provide evidence of the [[irrationality]] of [[Christianity]], to promote his views about religious [[Toleration|tolerance]], and his [[anti-authoritarian]] views on the topic of [[faith]]. The dictionary influenced the thinkers of the [[Age of Enlightenment]], in particular [[Denis Diderot]] and the other [[Encyclopédistes]]. |
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==Publication history== |
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The first edition of Bayle's dictionary, published in 1697, comprised two volumes, each with two parts, so that it appeared as four physical books (A–B, C–G, H–O, and P–Z). In the second edition of 1702, it was enlarged to three volumes (A–D, E–M, and N–Z). An English translation was first published in 1709.<ref>See: {{cite web |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/dicos/BAYLE/ |title=A List of the Many Editions of the Dictionary}}</ref> |
The first edition of Bayle's dictionary, published in 1697, comprised two volumes, each with two parts, so that it appeared as four physical books (A–B, C–G, H–O, and P–Z). In the second edition of 1702, it was enlarged to three volumes (A–D, E–M, and N–Z). An English translation was first published in 1709.<ref>See: {{cite web |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/dicos/BAYLE/ |title=A List of the Many Editions of the Dictionary}}</ref> |
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==Biographical topics and additional material== |
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The overwhelming majority of the entries were devoted to individual people, whether historical or mythical, but some articles treated religious beliefs and philosophies.<ref>Paul Burrell, "Pierre Bayle's ''Dictionnaire historique et critique''," in ''Notable Encyclopedias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries'', ed. Frank A. Kafker (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1981).</ref> Many of the more controversial ideas in the book were hidden away in the voluminous [[footnote]]s, or they were slipped into articles on seemingly uncontroversial topics. |
The overwhelming majority of the entries were devoted to individual people, whether historical or mythical, but some articles treated religious beliefs and philosophies.<ref>Paul Burrell, "Pierre Bayle's ''Dictionnaire historique et critique''," in ''Notable Encyclopedias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries'', ed. Frank A. Kafker (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1981).</ref> Many of the more controversial ideas in the book were hidden away in the voluminous [[footnote]]s, or they were slipped into articles on seemingly uncontroversial topics. |
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==Influence on the Age of Enlightenment== |
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The rigor and skeptical approach demonstrated in the ''Dictionary'' influenced many thinkers of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], including [[Denis Diderot]] and the other [[Encyclopédistes]], [[David Hume]], and [[George Berkeley]]. Bayle delighted in pointing out contradictions between theological tenets and the supposedly self-evident dictates of reason. He used the evidence of the irrationality of Christianity to emphasize that the basis of Christianity is faith in God and divine revelation. But at the same time he sought to promote religious [[Toleration|tolerance]], and argued strongly against inflexible and authoritarian application of religious articles of faith.<ref>See: {{cite web |url=http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/bayl.htm |title=Short Summary at PhilosophyPages.com}}</ref><ref>See: {{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayle/ |title=A Lengthy Analysis at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> This led to a bitter argument with his fellow French [[Protestant]] [[Pierre Jurieu]]. |
The rigor and skeptical approach demonstrated in the ''Dictionary'' influenced many thinkers of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], including [[Denis Diderot]] and the other [[Encyclopédistes]], [[David Hume]], and [[George Berkeley]]. Bayle delighted in pointing out contradictions between theological tenets and the supposedly self-evident dictates of reason. He used the evidence of the [[irrationality]] of Christianity to emphasize that the basis of Christianity is faith in God and [[divine revelation]]. But at the same time he sought to promote religious [[Toleration|tolerance]], and argued strongly against inflexible and [[authoritarian]] application of religious articles of faith.<ref>See: {{cite web |url=http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/bayl.htm |title=Short Summary at PhilosophyPages.com}}</ref><ref>See: {{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayle/ |title=A Lengthy Analysis at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> This led to a bitter argument with his fellow French [[Protestant]] [[Pierre Jurieu]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite encyclopedia |
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* Thomas M. Lennon and Michael Hickson, "Pierre Bayle," ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (2012) [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayle/ online] |
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|title= Pierre Bayle |
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|encyclopedia= [[The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |
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|year= 2012 |
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|last1= Lennon |
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|first1= Thomas M. |
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|last2= Hickson |
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|first2= Michael |
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|location= |
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|id= |
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|url= http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayle/ |
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}} |
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== External links== |
== External links== |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=bsuWr77vqd4C Vol. 2: DR–PA] |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=bsuWr77vqd4C Vol. 2: DR–PA] |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=yGUZqHAMm5UC Vol. 3: PA–WO] |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=yGUZqHAMm5UC Vol. 3: PA–WO] |
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*[https:// |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=wmtUAAAAYAAJ Vol 4: WO–Z] |
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{{Portal bar|Philosophy|France|Books}} |
{{Portal bar|Philosophy|France|Books}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dictionnaire Historique Et Critique}} |
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[[Category:1697 books]] |
[[Category:1697 non-fiction books]] |
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[[Category:1702 non-fiction books]] |
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[[Category:French dictionaries]] |
[[Category:French dictionaries]] |
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[[Category:Philosophy of religion literature]] |
[[Category:Philosophy of religion literature]] |
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[[Category:Modern philosophical literature]] |
[[Category:Modern philosophical literature]] |
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[[Category:Philosophy and thought in the Dutch Republic]] |
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[[Category:17th-century encyclopedias]] |
[[Category:17th-century encyclopedias]] |
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[[Category:Historical dictionaries]] |
[[Category:Historical dictionaries]] |
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[[Category:International biographical dictionaries]] |
[[Category:International biographical dictionaries]] |
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[[Category:Age of Enlightenment]] |
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[[Category:Books critical of Christianity]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:26, 26 October 2024
The Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (French pronunciation: [diksjɔnɛːʁ istɔʁik e kʁitik]; English: Historical and Critical Dictionary) was a French biographical dictionary written by Pierre Bayle (1647–1706), a Huguenot philosopher who lived and published in Rotterdam, in the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, after fleeing his native France due to religious persecution. In 1689, Bayle began making notes on errors and omissions in Louis Moreri's Grand Dictionaire historique (1674),[1] a previous encyclopedia, and these notes ultimately developed into his own Dictionnaire.
Bayle used the dictionary to provide evidence of the irrationality of Christianity, to promote his views about religious tolerance, and his anti-authoritarian views on the topic of faith. The dictionary influenced the thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment, in particular Denis Diderot and the other Encyclopédistes.
Publication history
[edit]The first edition of Bayle's dictionary, published in 1697, comprised two volumes, each with two parts, so that it appeared as four physical books (A–B, C–G, H–O, and P–Z). In the second edition of 1702, it was enlarged to three volumes (A–D, E–M, and N–Z). An English translation was first published in 1709.[2]
Biographical topics and additional material
[edit]The overwhelming majority of the entries were devoted to individual people, whether historical or mythical, but some articles treated religious beliefs and philosophies.[3] Many of the more controversial ideas in the book were hidden away in the voluminous footnotes, or they were slipped into articles on seemingly uncontroversial topics.
Influence on the Age of Enlightenment
[edit]The rigor and skeptical approach demonstrated in the Dictionary influenced many thinkers of the Enlightenment, including Denis Diderot and the other Encyclopédistes, David Hume, and George Berkeley. Bayle delighted in pointing out contradictions between theological tenets and the supposedly self-evident dictates of reason. He used the evidence of the irrationality of Christianity to emphasize that the basis of Christianity is faith in God and divine revelation. But at the same time he sought to promote religious tolerance, and argued strongly against inflexible and authoritarian application of religious articles of faith.[4][5] This led to a bitter argument with his fellow French Protestant Pierre Jurieu.
References
[edit]- ^ H. H. M. van Lieshout, The Making of Pierre Bayle's Dictionnaire historique et critique with a CD-ROM containing the Dictionnaire's Library and References between Articles, trans. Lynne Richards (Amsterdam: APA-Holland UP, 2001), 2.
- ^ See: "A List of the Many Editions of the Dictionary".
- ^ Paul Burrell, "Pierre Bayle's Dictionnaire historique et critique," in Notable Encyclopedias of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Frank A. Kafker (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1981).
- ^ See: "Short Summary at PhilosophyPages.com".
- ^ See: "A Lengthy Analysis at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy".
Further reading
[edit]- Lennon, Thomas M.; Hickson, Michael (2012). "Pierre Bayle". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
External links
[edit]16 vol. Beuchot edition (1820) at the Internet Archive (in French):
Abridged English translation (Hunt & Clarke, 1826) at Google Books:
 | This article about a non-fiction book on philosophy of religion is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- 1697 non-fiction books
- 1702 non-fiction books
- French dictionaries
- Philosophy of religion literature
- Modern philosophical literature
- 17th-century encyclopedias
- Historical dictionaries
- International biographical dictionaries
- Age of Enlightenment
- Books critical of Christianity
- Philosophy book stubs
- Religious studies book stubs
- Philosophy of religion stubs