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| foundation = {{Start date|1939|6|2}}
| foundation = {{Start date|1939|6|2}}
| dissolution = {{End date|1943|7|27}}
| dissolution = {{End date|1943|7|27}}
| headquarters = [[Tirana]]
| headquarters = Abdi Toptani street [[Tirana]]
| newspaper = ''[[Fashizmi]]''
| newspaper = ''[[Fashizmi]]''
| youth_wing = ''[[Albanian Lictor Youth|Djelmnia e Liktorit Shqiptar]]'' (GLA)
| youth_wing = ''[[Albanian Lictor Youth|Djelmnia e Liktorit Shqiptar]]'' (GLA)
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| country = Albania
| country = Albania
}}
}}
The '''Albanian Fascist Party''' ({{lang-sq|Partia Fashiste Shqiptare}}, or '''PFSh''') was a [[Italian Fascism|fascist]] organisation active during [[World War II]] which held nominal power in [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Albania]] from 1939, when the country was [[Italian invasion of Albania|invaded]] by [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], until 1943, when Italy [[Armistice of Cassibile|capitulated]] to the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. Afterwards, Albania fell under [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[German occupation of Albania|occupation]], and the PFSh was replaced by [[Balli Kombëtar]].
The '''Albanian Fascist Party''' ({{langx|sq|Partia Fashiste Shqiptare}}, or '''PFSh''') was a [[Italian Fascism|fascist]] organisation active during [[World War II]] which held nominal power in [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|Albania]] from 1939, when the country was [[Italian invasion of Albania|invaded]] by [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], until 1943, when Italy [[Armistice of Cassibile|capitulated]] to the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. Afterwards, Albania fell under [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[German occupation of Albania|occupation]], and the PFSh was replaced by the [[Balli Kombëtar]].


==History==
==History==


===Establishment===
===Establishment===
On 25 March 1939, [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] [[Duce|dictator]] [[Benito Mussolini]] gave [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albanian]] [[King of Albania|King]] [[Zog I of Albania|Zog I]] an ultimatum demanding the acceptance of an Italian military [[protectorate]] over Albania.{{sfn|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|pp=30–31}} When Zog refused to accept, the Italians [[Italian invasion of Albania|invaded]] on 7 April and deposed him.{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=21–57}} Zog subsequently fled the country.{{sfn|Lemkin|2008|p=99}} Afterwards, the Italians re-established the Albanian state as a [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy]].{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=21–57}}
On 25 March 1939, [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] [[Duce|dictator]] [[Benito Mussolini]] gave [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albanian]] [[King of Albania|King]] [[Zog I of Albania|Zog I]] an ultimatum demanding that he accept an Italian military [[protectorate]] over Albania.{{sfn|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|pp=30–31}} Zog refused, and the Italians [[Italian invasion of Albania|invaded]] on 7 April and deposed him.{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=21–57}} Zog fled the country.{{sfn|Lemkin|2008|p=99}} The Italians re-established the Albanian state as the [[Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)|protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy]].{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=21–57}}


On 11 April, Italian [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Galeazzo Ciano]] arranged for a group of well-known [[Albanians]] to "request" the formation of the Albanian Fascist Party ({{lang-sq|Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë}}, or PFSh). By the end of April, the government of Italy approved of its creation. On 23 April, [[Achille Starace]], the [[List of secretaries of Italian Fascist parties#National Fascist Party|Secretary]] of the [[National Fascist Party]] ({{lang-it|Partito Nazionale Fascista}}, or PNF), accompanied by two ''[[Regia Marina]]'' [[warship]]s, arrived in Albania to officially announce the establishment of the PFSh,{{sfn|Fischer|1999|p=45}} which was founded on 2 June.{{sfn|Elsie|2012|p=426}} However, it did not receive its constitution until 6 June, and was not presented with an organised directorate and central council until March 1940.{{sfn|Fischer|1999|p=45}}
On 11 April, Italian [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Galeazzo Ciano]] arranged for a group of well-known [[Albanians]] to "request" the formation of the Albanian Fascist Party ({{langx|sq|Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë}}, or PFSh). On 23 April, [[Achille Starace]], the [[List of secretaries of Italian Fascist parties#National Fascist Party|Secretary]] of the [[National Fascist Party]] ({{langx|it|Partito Nazionale Fascista}}, or PNF), accompanied by two ''[[Regia Marina]]'' [[warship]]s, arrived in Albania to officially announce the establishment of the PFSh,{{sfn|Fischer|1999|p=45}} which was founded on 2 June.{{sfn|Elsie|2012|p=426}} However, it did not receive its constitution until 6 June, and was not presented with an organised directorate and central council until March 1940.{{sfn|Fischer|1999|p=45}}


===Italian rule===
===Italian rule===
The PFSh enacted laws that prevented [[History of the Jews in Albania|Albanian Jews]] from joining it and excluded them from professions such as education.{{sfn|Frank|2010|p=97}} Composed of ethnic Albanians and [[Italian colonists in Albania|Italians residing in Albania]],{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=45–46}} the party existed as a branch of the PNF, and members were required to swear an oath of loyalty to Mussolini.{{sfn|Lemkin|2008|p=102}} All Albanians serving the Italian occupiers were required to join it, and it became the only legal political party in the country.{{sfn|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|p=31}}
The PFSh enacted laws that prevented [[History of the Jews in Albania|Albanian Jews]] from joining, and excluded them from professions such as education.{{sfn|Frank|2010|p=97}} Composed of ethnic Albanians and [[Italian colonists in Albania]],{{sfn|Fischer|1999|pp=45–46}} the party existed as a branch of the PNF, and members were required to swear an oath of loyalty to Mussolini.{{sfn|Lemkin|2008|p=102}} All Albanians serving the Italian occupiers were required to join, and it became the only legal political party in the country.{{sfn|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|p=31}}


==List of Ministers==
==List of ministers==
'''Ministers Secretaries of the Albanian Fascist Party'''
'''Ministers secretaries of the Albanian Fascist Party'''
* [[Tefik Mborja]] (1939–1941)
* [[Tefik Mborja]] (1939–1941)
* [[Jup Kazazi]] (1941–1943)
* {{ILL|Jup Kazazi|sq}} (1941–1943)
* [[Kol Bib Mirakaj]] (1943)
* {{ill|Kol Bib Mirakaj|sq}} (1943)


'''Ministers Secretaries of the Guard of Great Albania'''
'''Ministers secretaries of the Guard of Great Albania'''
* [[Maliq Bushati]] (1943)
* [[Maliq Bushati]] (1943)
* [[Ekrem Libohova]] (1943)
* [[Ekrem Libohova]] (1943)

=="Geraca" (rank insignia) of the Albanian Fascist Party==
[[File:Gradat e Partise Fashiste Shqiptare 1939-1943.png|300px]]


==See also==
==See also==
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{{Fascism}}{{Authority control}}
{{Fascism}}{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:1939 establishments in Albania]]
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[[Category:1943 disestablishments in Albania]]
[[Category:Albanian nationalist parties]]
[[Category:Albanian nationalist parties]]
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[[Category:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)]]
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[[Category:Italian Fascism]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Albania]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Albania]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties]]
[[Category:Fascist parties]]
[[Category:Fascist parties]]
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[[Category:Italian fascism]]
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[[Category:Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
[[Category:Parties of one-party systems]]
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[[Category:Politics of World War II]]
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[[Category:1939 establishments in Albania]]
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[[Category:1943 disestablishments in Albania]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1943]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1943]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1939]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1939]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties]]
[[Category:Politics of World War II]]
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[[Category:Fascism in Albania]]

Latest revision as of 04:26, 26 October 2024

Albanian Fascist Party
Partia Fashiste Shqiptare
AbbreviationPFSh
LeaderTefik Mborja
FoundedJune 2, 1939 (1939-06-02)
DissolvedJuly 27, 1943 (1943-07-27)
HeadquartersAbdi Toptani street Tirana
NewspaperFashizmi
Youth wingDjelmnia e Liktorit Shqiptar (GLA)
Paramilitary wingAlbanian Fascist Militia
Membership (1940)13,500
IdeologyFascism
Albanian nationalism
Albanian irredentism
Italophilia
Anti-Serb sentiment
Anti-Greek sentiment
Political positionFar-right
National affiliationNational Fascist Party

The Albanian Fascist Party (Albanian: Partia Fashiste Shqiptare, or PFSh) was a fascist organisation active during World War II which held nominal power in Albania from 1939, when the country was invaded by Italy, until 1943, when Italy capitulated to the Allies. Afterwards, Albania fell under German occupation, and the PFSh was replaced by the Balli Kombëtar.

History

[edit]

Establishment

[edit]

On 25 March 1939, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini gave Albanian King Zog I an ultimatum demanding that he accept an Italian military protectorate over Albania.[1] Zog refused, and the Italians invaded on 7 April and deposed him.[2] Zog fled the country.[3] The Italians re-established the Albanian state as the protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy.[2]

On 11 April, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Galeazzo Ciano arranged for a group of well-known Albanians to "request" the formation of the Albanian Fascist Party (Albanian: Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë, or PFSh). On 23 April, Achille Starace, the Secretary of the National Fascist Party (Italian: Partito Nazionale Fascista, or PNF), accompanied by two Regia Marina warships, arrived in Albania to officially announce the establishment of the PFSh,[4] which was founded on 2 June.[5] However, it did not receive its constitution until 6 June, and was not presented with an organised directorate and central council until March 1940.[4]

Italian rule

[edit]

The PFSh enacted laws that prevented Albanian Jews from joining, and excluded them from professions such as education.[6] Composed of ethnic Albanians and Italian colonists in Albania,[7] the party existed as a branch of the PNF, and members were required to swear an oath of loyalty to Mussolini.[8] All Albanians serving the Italian occupiers were required to join, and it became the only legal political party in the country.[9]

List of ministers

[edit]

Ministers secretaries of the Albanian Fascist Party

Ministers secretaries of the Guard of Great Albania

"Geraca" (rank insignia) of the Albanian Fascist Party

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Bideleux & Jeffries 2007, pp. 30–31.
  2. ^ a b Fischer 1999, pp. 21–57.
  3. ^ Lemkin 2008, p. 99.
  4. ^ a b Fischer 1999, p. 45.
  5. ^ Elsie 2012, p. 426.
  6. ^ Frank 2010, p. 97.
  7. ^ Fischer 1999, pp. 45–46.
  8. ^ Lemkin 2008, p. 102.
  9. ^ Bideleux & Jeffries 2007, p. 31.

References

[edit]
  • Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-96911-3.
  • Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.
  • Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). Albania at War, 1939–1945. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Research Foundation. ISBN 1-55753-141-2.
  • Frank, Chaim (2010). Petersen, Hans-Christian; Salzborn, Samuel (eds.). Antisemitism in Eastern Europe: History and Present in Comparison. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-59828-3.
  • Lemkin, Raphael (2008). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange. ISBN 978-1-58477-901-8.
[edit]
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