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m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);
 
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{operational plan
{{operational plan
| name = Operation Safraan
| name = Operation Saffraan
| partof = [[South African Border War]]
| partof = the [[South African Border War]]
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{{Campaignbox South African Border War}}
{{Campaignbox South African Border War}}


'''Operation Safraan''' was a series of [[South African Defence Force]] raids from the [[Caprivi Strip]] area during the [[South African Border War]]. On August 23,1978 [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia|PLAN]] and the Zambian army shelled the small South African garrison town Katimo Mulilo in
'''Operation Saffraan''' ({{langx|en|Operation Safron}}) was a series of [[South African Defence Force]] raids from the [[Caprivi Strip]] area during the [[South African Border War]]. On 23 August 1978 [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia|PLAN]] and the Zambian army shelled the small South African garrison town Katimo Mulilo in eastern Caprivi (Namibia). In March 1979, South African forces entered south-western [[Zambia]] attacking [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia|PLAN]] bases in retaliation for the shelling of Katimo Mulilo.<ref name=Steenkamp>{{cite book|last=Steenkamp|first=Willem|title=South Africa's border war, 1966-1989|year=1989|publisher=Ashanti Pub.|location=Gibraltar|isbn=0620139676}}</ref>{{rp|86}} These bases were around Sinjembele and the Njinje forest,<ref name="Hamann">{{cite book|last=Hamann|first=Hilton|title=Days Of The Generals: The Untold Story of South Africas Apartheid-era Military Generals|year=2007|publisher=Struik Publishers|isbn=978-1868723409}}</ref>{{rp|Chpt4}} were found to have been vacated but the facilities were destroyed disrupting future border infiltrations.<ref name=Steenkamp/>{{rp|86}} The raid into Zambia resulted in [[SWAPO]] being asked to leave the country.<ref name=Hamann/>{{rp|Chpt4}} Conducted on 7 March 1979 concurrently with [[Operation Rekstok]]; it followed [[Operation Reindeer]] and preceded [[Operation Sceptic]].
eastern Caprivi (Namibia). In March 1979, South African forces entered south-western [[Zambia]] attacking [[People's Liberation Army of Namibia|PLAN]] bases in retaliation for the shelling of Katimo Mulilo.<ref name="Steenkamp-p86">Steenkamp, Willem (1989). ''South Africa's Border War 1966 - 1989.'' p. 86.</ref> These bases were around Sinjembele and the Njinje forest,<ref name="Hamann-c4">Hamann, Hilton (2001). ''Days of the Generals.'' eBook. Chapter 4.</ref> were found to have been vacated but the facilities were destroyed disrupting future border infiltrations.<ref name="Steenkamp-p86" /> The raid into Zambia resulted in [[SWAPO]] being asked to leave the country.<ref name="Hamann-c4" /> Conducted on 7 March 1979 concurrently with [[Operation Rekstok]]; it followed [[Operation Reindeer]] and preceded [[Operation Sceptic]].


==See also==
The name means "saffron" in [[Afrikaans]].
⚫
*[[Angolan Civil War]]

==Further reading==
* Steenkamp, Willem. ''South Africa's Border War 1966 - 1989''. Ashanti Publishing, 1989.
* Hamann, Hilton. ''Days of the Generals''. Zebra Press, 2001.
⚫
* Nothling, CD (Col.). ''Kort Kroniek van Militêre Operasies en Optredes in Suidwes-Afrika en Angola (1914-1988)''. Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 19, Nr 2, 1989.


==References==
==References==

<references />
<references />


==See also==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Steenkamp|first=Willem|title=South Africa's border war, 1966-1989|year=1989|publisher=Ashanti Pub.|location=Gibraltar|isbn=0620139676}}
⚫
*[[Angolan Civil War]]
* {{cite book|last=Hamann|first=Hilton|title=Days of the generals|year=2001|publisher=Zebra|location=Cape Town|isbn=978-1868723409|edition=1st}}
⚫
* Nothling, CD (Col.). ''Kort Kroniek van Militêre Operasies en Optredes in Suidwes-Afrika en Angola (1914-1988)''. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 19, Nr 2, 1989.


{{coord missing}}
{{coord missing|Zambia}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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| after = [[Operation Sceptic]]
| after = [[Operation Sceptic]]
}}
}}
{{s-end}}

{{South African Border War}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Safraan, Operation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saffraan, Operation}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1979]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1979]]
[[Category:1979 in Angola]]
[[Category:1979 in Angola]]
[[Category:1979 in South-West Africa]]
[[Category:1979 in South West Africa]]
[[Category:1979 in South Africa]]
[[Category:1979 in South Africa]]
[[Category:Cross-border operations of South Africa]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of the South African Border War]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of the South African Border War]]


Latest revision as of 07:18, 26 October 2024

Operation Saffraan
Part of the South African Border War
Location
Zambia

Operation Saffraan is located in Zambia
Siabalengu
Siabalengu
Operation Saffraan (Zambia)
TargetVarious PLAN bases
DateMarch 1979
duration 5 weeks

Operation Saffraan (English: Operation Safron) was a series of South African Defence Force raids from the Caprivi Strip area during the South African Border War. On 23 August 1978 PLAN and the Zambian army shelled the small South African garrison town Katimo Mulilo in eastern Caprivi (Namibia). In March 1979, South African forces entered south-western Zambia attacking PLAN bases in retaliation for the shelling of Katimo Mulilo.[1]: 86  These bases were around Sinjembele and the Njinje forest,[2]: Chpt4  were found to have been vacated but the facilities were destroyed disrupting future border infiltrations.[1]: 86  The raid into Zambia resulted in SWAPO being asked to leave the country.[2]: Chpt4  Conducted on 7 March 1979 concurrently with Operation Rekstok; it followed Operation Reindeer and preceded Operation Sceptic.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Steenkamp, Willem (1989). South Africa's border war, 1966-1989. Gibraltar: Ashanti Pub. ISBN 0620139676.
  2. ^ a b Hamann, Hilton (2007). Days Of The Generals: The Untold Story of South Africas Apartheid-era Military Generals. Struik Publishers. ISBN 978-1868723409.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Steenkamp, Willem (1989). South Africa's border war, 1966-1989. Gibraltar: Ashanti Pub. ISBN 0620139676.
  • Hamann, Hilton (2001). Days of the generals (1st ed.). Cape Town: Zebra. ISBN 978-1868723409.
  • Nothling, CD (Col.). Kort Kroniek van Militêre Operasies en Optredes in Suidwes-Afrika en Angola (1914-1988). Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 19, Nr 2, 1989.

Preceded by Battles and operations of the South African Border War
March 1979 		Succeeded by


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