Didemnum: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of sea squirts}} |
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{{italic title}}{{Taxobox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Didemnum |
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| image = Didemnum.jpg |
| image = Sea Squirts Didemnum molle.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''[[Didemnum molle]]'' |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| taxon = Didemnum |
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| authority = [[Marie Jules César Savigny|Savigny]], 1816 |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}} |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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* ''Didemnium'' <small>Savgny, 1816</small> |
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| subphylum = [[Tunicate|Tunicata]] |
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* ''Didemnoides'' <small>Drasche, 1883</small> |
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| classis = [[Ascidiacea]] |
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* ''Diplosomoides'' <small>Herdman, 1886</small> |
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| ordo = [[Aplousobranchia]] |
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* ''Hypurgon'' <small>Sollas, 1903</small> |
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| familia = [[Didemnidae]] |
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* ''Leptoclinum'' <small>Milne Edwards, 1842</small> |
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| genus = '''''Didemnum''''' |
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* ''Sarcodidemnoides'' <small>Oka & Willey, 1892</small> |
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| genus_authority = Savigny, 1816 |
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* ''Tetradidemnum'' <small>Della Valle, 1881</small> |
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{{hidden end}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Didemnum''''' is a genus of [[tunicate]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Didemnidae]]. |
'''''Didemnum''''' is a genus of colonial [[tunicate]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Didemnidae]]. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Moreno, T. |author2= Rocha, R.|date=June 2008|title=Phylogeny of the Aplousobranchia (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia |
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|volume=25|issue= 2|pages=269–298 |doi=10.1590/S0101-81752008000200016|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kott|first=Patricia|date=15 Aug 2001|title=The AUSTRALIAN ASC1DIACEA PART 4, APLOUSOBRANCHIA (3), DIDEMNIDAE|journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum|volume=47}}</ref> Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. Some ''Didemnum'' species, including ''[[Didemnum vexillum]]'' and ''[[Didemnum perlucidem]]'' are considered [[invasive species]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Marine Nuisance Species |publisher=Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Center |date=17 February 2016 |url=https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/stellwagen/didemnum/index.htm }}</ref> In early 2006, ''Didemnum vexillum'' was found covering a 230 km<sup>2</sup> area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Valentine|first=Page C.|last2=Carman|first2=Mary R.|last3=Blackwood|first3=Dann S.|last4=Heffron|first4=Erin J.|title=Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian ''Didemnum'' sp. in a New England tide pool habitat|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|volume=342|issue=1|pages=109–121|doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021|year=2007}}</ref> and is classified as an invasive species of greatest concern in coastal areas throughout Europe,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Project report: Assessment of the impacts of ''Didemnum vexillum'' and options for the management of the species in England|author1=Ian Laing|author2= James Bussell|author3= Kate Somerwill}}</ref> New Zealand, and North America.<ref name=":0" /> ''Didemnum'' sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands.<ref>"Invasion der Pfankuchen" Der Spiegel, 1/2006, p. 102</ref> |
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Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as ''[[Didemnum molle]]'' have photosynthetic algae in their tunics.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach |last=Ruppert | first = Edward E. |author2=Richard S. Fox |author3=Robert D. Barnes |isbn=8131501043|edition=7th |location=Delhi, India|oclc=970002268|year = 2004}}</ref> |
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''[[Didemnum vexillum]]'' turned up on coast of state of Washington in 2009 and has been showing up in Coos Bay and Winchester Bay, Oregon as of 13 May 2010.<ref>http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2010/05/fast-growing_invasive_species.html Invasive species on Oregon coast</ref> |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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The following species are recognised in the genus ''Didemnum'':<ref>{{Cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Didemnum Savigny, 1816 |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103456 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Didemnum albidum]]'' <small>(Verrill, 1871)</small> |
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{{div col|colwidth=22em}} |
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* ''[[Didemnum amethysteum]]'' <small>(Van Name, 1902)</small> |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum abradatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2007}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum ahu]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum albidum]]'' {{small|(Verrill, 1871)}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum albopunctatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum algasedens]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum amethysteum]]'' {{small|(Van Name, 1902)}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum amourouxi]]'' {{small|Lafargue, 1976}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum apersum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum apuroto]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum arancium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum aratore]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum asterix]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum astrum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum augusti]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum aurantiacum]]'' {{small|Herdman, 1886}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum aurantium]]'' {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum aures]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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* |
*''[[Didemnum bentarti]]'' {{small|Varela & Ramos-Esplá, 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum beringense]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1977}} |
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*''[[Didemnum biglans]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1906)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum biglutinum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum bimasculum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum bisectatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum brevioris]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}} |
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*''[[Didemnum caesium]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum calliginosum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1984}} |
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*''[[Didemnum candidum]]'' {{small|Savigny, 1816}} |
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*''[[Didemnum captivum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}} |
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*''[[Didemnum carnulentum]]'' {{small|Ritter & Forsyth, 1917}} |
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*''[[Didemnum carpenteri]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum caudiculatum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum cerebrale]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}} |
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*''[[Didemnum chartaceum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum chilense]]'' {{small|Ärnbäck, 1929}} |
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*''[[Didemnum cilicium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2005}} |
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*''[[Didemnum cineraceum]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1898)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum clavum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum coccineum]]'' {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum commune]]'' {{small|(Della Valle, 1877)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum complexum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum conchyliatum]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1898)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum congregatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum contortum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}} |
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*''[[Didemnum coralliforme]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum coriaceum]]'' {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum corium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2005}} |
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*''[[Didemnum crescente]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum cuculliferum]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1909)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum cygnuus]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum dealbatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum delectum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum densum]]'' {{small|(Nott, 1892)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum dicolla]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}} |
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*''[[Didemnum diffundum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum digestum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum diversum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum dolium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum domesticum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum drachi]]'' {{small|Lafargue, 1975}} |
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*''[[Didemnum duplicatum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1983}} |
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*''[[Didemnum ectensum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum edmondsoni]]'' {{small|Eldredge, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum edwardsi]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum effusium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum elikapekae]]'' {{small|Eldredge, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum elongatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum epikelp]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum etiolum]]'' {{small|Kott, 1982}} |
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*''[[Didemnum extensum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fibriae]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum filiforme]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum flagellatum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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*''[[Didemnum flammacolor]]'' {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}} |
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*''[[Didemnum flavoviride]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fragile]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fragum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fucatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fulgens]]'' {{small|(Milne Edwards, 1841)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum fuscum]]'' {{small|(Oka, 1931)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum galacteum]]'' {{small|Lotufo & Dias, 2007}} |
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*''[[Didemnum gayanae]]'' {{small|Sanamyan, 1999}} |
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*''[[Didemnum gemmiparum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1976}} |
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*''[[Didemnum gigas]]'' {{small|(Della Valle, 1881)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum gintonicum]]'' {{small|Eldredge, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum globiferum]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum grande]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum granulatum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1954}} |
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*''[[Didemnum granulosum]]'' {{small|(Drasche, 1883)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum guttatum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum halimedae]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1983}} |
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*''[[Didemnum helgolandicum]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1921}} |
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*''[[Didemnum herba]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum hiopaa]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum immundum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1974}} |
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*''[[Didemnum inaequilobatum]]'' {{small|Daumezon, 1908}} |
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*''[[Didemnum inauratum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1983}} |
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*''[[Didemnum incanum]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1899)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum inveteratum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum japonicum]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum jedanense]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum jeffreysi]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum jucundum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum karlae]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}} |
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*''[[Didemnum kelleri]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1923}} |
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*''[[Didemnum kurilense]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lacertosum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lacustre]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lahillei]]'' {{small|Hartmeyer, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lambertae]]'' {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lambitum]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1900)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum leopardi]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum leopardum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2005}} |
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*''[[Didemnum levitas]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum ligulum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1983}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lillipution]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum linatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum linguiferum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lissoclinum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lithostrotum]]'' {{small|Brewin, 1956}} |
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*''[[Didemnum longigaster]]'' {{small|Rocha & Neves, 2015}} |
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*''[[Didemnum lutarium]]'' {{small|Van Name, 1910}} |
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*''[[Didemnum macrosiphonium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum macrospiculatum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum maculatum]]'' {{small|(Nott, 1892)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum maculosum]]'' {{small|(Milne Edwards, 1841)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum madagascariense]]'' {{small|Brunetti, 2007}} |
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*''[[Didemnum madeleinae]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum magnetae]]'' {{small|Hastings, 1931}} |
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*''[[Didemnum mantile]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum megaductus]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1974}} |
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*''[[Didemnum megasterix]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum mekeald]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum membranaceum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum mesembrinum]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum microthoracicum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum millari]]'' {{small|Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum minisculum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum minispirale]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum misakiense]]'' {{small|(Oka & Willey, 1892)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum molle]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum monile]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum montosum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum moseleyi]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum multiampullae]]'' {{small|Kott, 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum multispirale]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum mutabile]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nambucciensis]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum neglectum]]'' {{small|Herdman, 1886}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nekozita]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nigricans]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1995}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nigrum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nivale]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum nocturnum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997}} |
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*''[[Didemnum oblitum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum obscurum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1969}} |
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*''[[Didemnum ossium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum paa]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pacificum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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*''[[Didemnum papillatum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1974}} |
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*''[[Didemnum parancium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum parau]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pardum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1962}} |
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*''[[Didemnum partitum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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*''[[Didemnum parvum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2003}} |
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*''[[Didemnum patulum]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1899)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pecten]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pellucidum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum perlucidum]]'' {{small|Monniot F., 1983}} |
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*''[[Didemnum perplexum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum perspicuum]]'' {{small|Giard, 1873}} |
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*''[[Didemnum peyrefittense]]'' {{small|Brément, 1913}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pica]]'' {{small|Brunetti, 2007}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pitipiri]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum plebeium]]'' {{small|Kott, 2005}} |
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*''[[Didemnum poecilomorpha]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum polare]]'' {{small|Hartmeyer, 1903}} |
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*''[[Didemnum precocinum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum protectum]]'' {{small|(Daumézon, 1908)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum psammatodes]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1895)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pseudobiglans]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pseudofulgens]]'' {{small|Médioni, 1970}} |
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*''[[Didemnum pseudovexillum]]'' {{small|Turon & Viard, 2020}} |
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*''[[Didemnum quincunciale]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}} |
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*''[[Didemnum recurvatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum risirense]]'' {{small|Nishikawa, 1990}} |
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*''[[Didemnum roberti]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1930}} |
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*''[[Didemnum rochai]]'' {{small|Paiva et al., 2015}} |
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*''[[Didemnum rodriguesi]]'' {{small|Rocha & Monniot F., 1993}} |
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*''[[Didemnum romssae]]'' {{small|Marks, 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum roseum]]'' {{small|Sars, 1851}} |
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*''[[Didemnum rota]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum rottnesti]]'' {{small|Kott, 1962}} |
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*''[[Didemnum rubeum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum sachalinense]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum sanakiensis]]'' {{small|Sanamyan, 1999}} |
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*''[[Didemnum santaelenae]]'' {{small|Van Name, 1945}} |
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*''[[Didemnum scopi]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum semifuscum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum siphonale]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum sordidum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum spadix]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum speciosum]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum sphaericum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1967}} |
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*''[[Didemnum spongioides]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum spumante]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum spumosum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum stercoratum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996}} |
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*''[[Didemnum stilense]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1934}} |
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*''[[Didemnum stragulum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum studeri]]'' {{small|Hartmeyer, 1911}} |
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*''[[Didemnum subflavum]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum subtile]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum sucosum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tabulatum]]'' {{small|Sluiter, 1909}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tantulum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2007}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tapetum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tenue]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum ternerratum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tetrahedrum]]'' {{small|Dias & Rodrigues, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum theca]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum thomsoni]]'' {{small|Herdman, 1886}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tigrinoides]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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*''[[Didemnum toafene]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tonga]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1886)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum torresii]]'' {{small|(Sluiter, 1895)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tortile]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum translucidum]]'' {{small|Tokioka, 1953}} |
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*''[[Didemnum transparentum]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1977}} |
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*''[[Didemnum trispirale]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tuberatum]]'' {{small|(Nott, 1892)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum tumulatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum usitatum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum uturoa]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vahatuio]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987}} |
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*''[[Didemnum valgum]]'' {{small|Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vanderhorsti]]'' {{small|Van Name, 1924}} |
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*''[[Didemnum velans]]'' {{small|Michaelsen, 1920}} |
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*''[[Didemnum velum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2008}} |
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*''[[Didemnum verdantum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vermiforme]]'' {{small|Romanov, 1989}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vesica]]'' {{small|Kott, 2007}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vesperi]]'' {{small|Kott, 2004}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vexillum]]'' {{small|Kott, 2002}} |
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*''[[Didemnum via]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum viride]]'' {{small|(Herdman, 1906)}} |
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*''[[Didemnum vulgare]]'' {{small|Kott, 2001}} |
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*''[[Didemnum yolky]]'' {{small|Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1997}} |
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{{div col end}} |
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[[Image:Didemnum overgrowing dark green algae.jpg|thumb|200px|none|Tunicate colonies of ''Didemnum'' sp. overgrowing the fronds of dark green algae. These colonies can quickly overgrow most surfaces and other organisms.]] |
[[Image:Didemnum overgrowing dark green algae.jpg|thumb|200px|none|Tunicate colonies of ''Didemnum'' sp. overgrowing the fronds of dark green algae. These colonies can quickly overgrow most surfaces and other organisms.]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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* [http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/stellwagen/didemnum/index.htm Woods Hole] |
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* (USGS) National Geologic Studies of [[Benthic]] [[Habitats]], Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus |
* (USGS) National Geologic Studies of [[Benthic]] [[Habitats]], Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus |
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{{Tunicata|E.}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q153605}} |
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* [http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/seasquirt.shtml Species Profile- Sea Squirt (''Didemnum vexillum'')], National Invasive Species Information Center, [[United States National Agricultural Library]]. Lists general information and resources for Sea Squirt. |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Didemnidae]] |
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[[Category:Tunicate genera]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny]] |
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{{tunicata-stub}} |
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{{chordate-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 08:35, 26 October 2024
| Didemnum | |
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| Didemnum molle | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Ascidiacea |
| Order: | Aplousobranchia |
| Family: | Didemnidae |
| Genus: | Didemnum Savigny, 1816 |
| Synonyms | |
|
List
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Didemnum is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family.[1][2] Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. Some Didemnum species, including Didemnum vexillum and Didemnum perlucidem are considered invasive species.[3] In early 2006, Didemnum vexillum was found covering a 230 km2 area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England,[4] and is classified as an invasive species of greatest concern in coastal areas throughout Europe,[5] New Zealand, and North America.[3] Didemnum sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands.[6]
Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as Didemnum molle have photosynthetic algae in their tunics.[7]
Species
[edit]The following species are recognised in the genus Didemnum:[8]
- Didemnum abradatum Kott, 2007
- Didemnum ahu Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871)
- Didemnum albopunctatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum algasedens Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
- Didemnum amethysteum (Van Name, 1902)
- Didemnum amourouxi Lafargue, 1976
- Didemnum apersum Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum apuroto Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum arancium Kott, 2001
- Didemnum aratore Kott, 2004
- Didemnum asterix Kott, 2004
- Didemnum astrum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum augusti Michaelsen, 1920
- Didemnum aurantiacum Herdman, 1886
- Didemnum aurantium Rocha & Neves, 2015
- Didemnum aures Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum bentarti Varela & Ramos-Esplá, 2008
- Didemnum beringense Romanov, 1977
- Didemnum biglans (Sluiter, 1906)
- Didemnum biglutinum Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum bimasculum Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum bisectatum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum brevioris Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
- Didemnum caesium Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum calliginosum Monniot F., 1984
- Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1816
- Didemnum captivum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
- Didemnum carnulentum Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
- Didemnum carpenteri (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum caudiculatum Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum cerebrale Michaelsen, 1920
- Didemnum chartaceum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum chilense Ärnbäck, 1929
- Didemnum cilicium Kott, 2005
- Didemnum cineraceum (Sluiter, 1898)
- Didemnum clavum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum coccineum (Drasche, 1883)
- Didemnum commune (Della Valle, 1877)
- Didemnum complexum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum conchyliatum (Sluiter, 1898)
- Didemnum congregatum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum contortum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
- Didemnum coralliforme Kott, 2004
- Didemnum coriaceum (Drasche, 1883)
- Didemnum corium Kott, 2005
- Didemnum crescente Kott, 2001
- Didemnum cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909)
- Didemnum cygnuus Kott, 2001
- Didemnum dealbatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum delectum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum densum (Nott, 1892)
- Didemnum dicolla Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
- Didemnum diffundum Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum digestum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum diversum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum dolium Kott, 2008
- Didemnum domesticum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum drachi Lafargue, 1975
- Didemnum duplicatum Monniot F., 1983
- Didemnum ectensum Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum edmondsoni Eldredge, 1967
- Didemnum edwardsi (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum effusium Kott, 2001
- Didemnum elikapekae Eldredge, 1967
- Didemnum elongatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum epikelp Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum etiolum Kott, 1982
- Didemnum extensum Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum fibriae Kott, 2004
- Didemnum filiforme Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum flagellatum Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum flammacolor Rocha & Neves, 2015
- Didemnum flavoviride Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum fragile Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum fragum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum fucatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum fulgens (Milne Edwards, 1841)
- Didemnum fuscum (Oka, 1931)
- Didemnum galacteum Lotufo & Dias, 2007
- Didemnum gayanae Sanamyan, 1999
- Didemnum gemmiparum Romanov, 1976
- Didemnum gigas (Della Valle, 1881)
- Didemnum gintonicum Eldredge, 1967
- Didemnum globiferum Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum grande (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum granulatum Tokioka, 1954
- Didemnum granulosum (Drasche, 1883)
- Didemnum guttatum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum halimedae Monniot F., 1983
- Didemnum helgolandicum Michaelsen, 1921
- Didemnum herba Kott, 2001
- Didemnum hiopaa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum immundum Romanov, 1974
- Didemnum inaequilobatum Daumezon, 1908
- Didemnum inauratum Monniot F., 1983
- Didemnum incanum (Herdman, 1899)
- Didemnum inveteratum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum japonicum (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum jedanense Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum jeffreysi (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum jucundum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum karlae Michaelsen, 1920
- Didemnum kelleri Michaelsen, 1923
- Didemnum kurilense Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum lacertosum Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum lacustre Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum lahillei Hartmeyer, 1909
- Didemnum lambertae Rocha & Neves, 2015
- Didemnum lambitum (Sluiter, 1900)
- Didemnum leopardi Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum leopardum Kott, 2005
- Didemnum levitas Kott, 2001
- Didemnum ligulum Monniot F., 1983
- Didemnum lillipution Kott, 2004
- Didemnum linatum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum linguiferum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum lissoclinum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum lithostrotum Brewin, 1956
- Didemnum longigaster Rocha & Neves, 2015
- Didemnum lutarium Van Name, 1910
- Didemnum macrosiphonium Kott, 2001
- Didemnum macrospiculatum Tokioka, 1967
- Didemnum maculatum (Nott, 1892)
- Didemnum maculosum (Milne Edwards, 1841)
- Didemnum madagascariense Brunetti, 2007
- Didemnum madeleinae Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001
- Didemnum magnetae Hastings, 1931
- Didemnum mantile Kott, 2001
- Didemnum megaductus Romanov, 1974
- Didemnum megasterix Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum mekeald Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum membranaceum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum mesembrinum Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum microthoracicum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum millari Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001
- Didemnum minisculum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum minispirale Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum misakiense (Oka & Willey, 1892)
- Didemnum molle (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum monile Kott, 2001
- Didemnum montosum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum multiampullae Kott, 2008
- Didemnum multispirale Kott, 2001
- Didemnum mutabile Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum nambucciensis Kott, 2004
- Didemnum neglectum Herdman, 1886
- Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967
- Didemnum nigricans Monniot F., 1995
- Didemnum nigrum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum nivale Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum nocturnum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997
- Didemnum oblitum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum obscurum Monniot F., 1969
- Didemnum ossium Kott, 2001
- Didemnum paa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum pacificum Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum papillatum Romanov, 1974
- Didemnum parancium Kott, 2001
- Didemnum parau Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum pardum Tokioka, 1962
- Didemnum partitum Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum parvum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2003
- Didemnum patulum (Herdman, 1899)
- Didemnum pecten Kott, 2001
- Didemnum pellucidum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum perlucidum Monniot F., 1983
- Didemnum perplexum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum perspicuum Giard, 1873
- Didemnum peyrefittense Brément, 1913
- Didemnum pica Brunetti, 2007
- Didemnum pitipiri Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum plebeium Kott, 2005
- Didemnum poecilomorpha Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum polare Hartmeyer, 1903
- Didemnum precocinum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum protectum (Daumézon, 1908)
- Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895)
- Didemnum pseudobiglans Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum pseudofulgens Médioni, 1970
- Didemnum pseudovexillum Turon & Viard, 2020
- Didemnum quincunciale Michaelsen, 1920
- Didemnum recurvatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum risirense Nishikawa, 1990
- Didemnum roberti Michaelsen, 1930
- Didemnum rochai Paiva et al., 2015
- Didemnum rodriguesi Rocha & Monniot F., 1993
- Didemnum romssae Marks, 1996
- Didemnum roseum Sars, 1851
- Didemnum rota Kott, 2004
- Didemnum rottnesti Kott, 1962
- Didemnum rubeum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum sachalinense Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum sanakiensis Sanamyan, 1999
- Didemnum santaelenae Van Name, 1945
- Didemnum scopi Kott, 2001
- Didemnum semifuscum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum siphonale Tokioka, 1967
- Didemnum sordidum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum spadix Kott, 2001
- Didemnum speciosum (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum sphaericum Tokioka, 1967
- Didemnum spongioides Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum spumante Kott, 2004
- Didemnum spumosum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum stercoratum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996
- Didemnum stilense Michaelsen, 1934
- Didemnum stragulum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum studeri Hartmeyer, 1911
- Didemnum subflavum (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum subtile Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum sucosum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum tabulatum Sluiter, 1909
- Didemnum tantulum Kott, 2007
- Didemnum tapetum Kott, 2008
- Didemnum tenue (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum ternerratum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum tetrahedrum Dias & Rodrigues, 2004
- Didemnum theca Kott, 2001
- Didemnum thomsoni Herdman, 1886
- Didemnum tigrinoides Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum toafene Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum tonga (Herdman, 1886)
- Didemnum torresii (Sluiter, 1895)
- Didemnum tortile Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum translucidum Tokioka, 1953
- Didemnum transparentum Romanov, 1977
- Didemnum trispirale Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum tuberatum (Nott, 1892)
- Didemnum tumulatum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum usitatum Kott, 2004
- Didemnum uturoa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum vahatuio Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
- Didemnum valgum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008
- Didemnum vanderhorsti Van Name, 1924
- Didemnum velans Michaelsen, 1920
- Didemnum velum Kott, 2008
- Didemnum verdantum Kott, 2001
- Didemnum vermiforme Romanov, 1989
- Didemnum vesica Kott, 2007
- Didemnum vesperi Kott, 2004
- Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002
- Didemnum via Kott, 2001
- Didemnum viride (Herdman, 1906)
- Didemnum vulgare Kott, 2001
- Didemnum yolky Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1997
References
[edit]- ^ Moreno, T.; Rocha, R. (June 2008). "Phylogeny of the Aplousobranchia (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 25 (2): 269–298. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752008000200016.
- ^ Kott, Patricia (15 Aug 2001). "The AUSTRALIAN ASC1DIACEA PART 4, APLOUSOBRANCHIA (3), DIDEMNIDAE". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 47.
- ^ a b "Marine Nuisance Species". Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Center. 17 February 2016.
- ^ Valentine, Page C.; Carman, Mary R.; Blackwood, Dann S.; Heffron, Erin J. (2007). "Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 342 (1): 109–121. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021.
- ^ Ian Laing; James Bussell; Kate Somerwill. "Project report: Assessment of the impacts of Didemnum vexillum and options for the management of the species in England".
- ^ "Invasion der Pfankuchen" Der Spiegel, 1/2006, p. 102
- ^ Ruppert, Edward E.; Richard S. Fox; Robert D. Barnes (2004). Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach (7th ed.). Delhi, India. ISBN 8131501043. OCLC 970002268.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Didemnum Savigny, 1816". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
- (USGS) National Geologic Studies of Benthic Habitats, Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus
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