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The Tanolis are a prominent and famous [[Muslim]] [[tribe]] residing mainly in the Mansehra [[Hazara]] district of NWFP [[Pakistan]]. They have a history that spans to the early 13th century since the establishment of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. They have ruled the state of [[Amb]] of Hazara since the 13th century up until the wars with the Sikhs in the 19th century. They were frequently engaged in rebellions with successive rulers of the Delhi Sultanate as well as allying with Ahmed Shah Abdali in his conquest of [[India]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} |
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{{short description|Hindko Turkic tribe}} |
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[[File:Tanolis.jpg|thumb|Tanoli men]] |
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The '''Tanoli''' ([[Hindko language|Hindko]]/{{langx|ur|تنولی، تناولی}}) are a [[Hindkowan]] tribe living mainly in the [[Hazara region|Hazara]] area of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NFTbAAAAMAAJ&q=tanoli+hindko |title= Proceedings of the PASSP Seminar on Kalabagh Dam: Technical options and their impact |page=211 |date=1994 |author= Pakistan Association of Scientists and Scientific Professions |publisher=Pakistan Association of Scientists and Scientific Professions |isbn= 9787503218637 }}</ref><ref name="Soldier Sahibs">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6mLH_rImHYC&pg=PT96 |title=Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier |first=Charles |last=Allen |publisher=Hachette |year=2012 |page=96|isbn=9781848547209 }}</ref> They form the majority of the population of [[Lassan Nawab]] union council.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoowAAAAYAAJ&q=Tanoli |title=Initiating Devolution for Service Delivery in Pakistan: Ignoring the Power Structure |first1=Shahrukh Rafi |last1=Khan |first2=Foqia Sadiq |last2=Khan |first3=Aasim Sajjad |last3=Akhtar |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |page=129|isbn=978-0-19-547221-9 }}</ref> The Tanoli describe themselves as [[Barlas|Barlas Turks]]. They never submitted to the [[British Empire|British colonial rule in the 1840s]].<ref name="Soldier Sahibs" />{{pn|date=April 2024}} They have two major divisions, namely Palaal (پل آل) and Hindaal (ہند آل).<ref>Hazara Gazetteer, 1907</ref> In present day, the majority of the Tanolis speak the [[Hindko language]]. |
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==Genetics== |
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They were also the last ruling [[dynasty]] of the State of [[Amb]]. |
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A genetic analysis of tribes residing in [[Buner]] and [[Swabi]] found that the most prevalent Y chromosomal haplogroup among the Tanoli is [[R1b1]], with a very small contribution of [[R1a1]], a genetic characteristic unlike [[Pashtuns]]. [[L-M20]] and other South Asian lines are also present but to a small extent.<ref name="Genetic Analysis">{{Cite thesis |last=Tariq |first=Muhammad |title=Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis |date=2017 |degree=Ph. D. |publisher=Hazara University, Mansehra |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608101919/https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf|archive-date=2023-06-08}}</ref> |
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== |
==Notable Tanoli people== |
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[[File:A Tanoli chief from Hazara in the 1840's.jpg|thumb|A Tanoli chief from Hazara in the 1840s]] |
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*[[Mir Jehandad Khan|Nawab Jehandad Khan Tanoli]], was a tribal chief of the Tanoli people |
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* [[Suba Khan Tanoli]], Tanoli Chieftan and artillery master contributed to Afghan victory in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] |
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*[[Nawabzada Farid Salahuddin|Nawabzada Farid Salahuddin Tanoli]], Pakistani politician |
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*[[Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan]], Nawab of [[Amb (princely state)|Amb]] |
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==See also== |
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Tanolis are generally divided into two groups, the Hindwal Tanolis and the Pulwal Tanolis. The Hindwal Tanolis/Tanawli Rajas were well known for ruling their state of Amb until the 19th century wars with the Sikhs. But later relations between them improved. The Hindwal Tanoli Nawabs claim descendancy from the [[Janjua]] Dynasty. |
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*[[Hindkowans]] |
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*[[Amb (princely state)]] |
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*[[Phulra|Phulra (princely state)]] |
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==References== |
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The Gazetteer of North-West Frontier Province (p138) records that "Tanawal state also known as Amb-Darband after its twin capitals, under its founder Raja Tanawli extended its tentacles across the Indus to Buner in Swat and Bajaur in Dir.....Its real rulers (Tanolis) are divided into two steps, the Pul-al and Hando-al or Hind-wal. The former held the tract of the Siran, its chief founded Bir when the Mughal empire was decaying, but internal dissensions led to intervention of Kashmir. Meanwhile the Hind-wal spet had gained power and its chief Nawab Khan defied the Durranis, but met his death at the hands of Sardar Azim Khan in 1818. His son Painda Khan, played a considerable part in the history of his time and vigirously opposed the Sikhs, but lost his territory except the tract around Amb. On his death in 1840 his son Jahandad Khan recovered part of it through favour of Gulab Singh of Kashmir and the British Govt. Thus the present semi-independent estate comprises the territory formerly held by the Hind-wal Tanawalis. It has an area of 204 square miles, with population of (1901) of 31,622.....on the east by the Mansehra tehsil of Hazara District." The mentioned Raja Tanawli is mentioned in by Lepel H. Griffin, in his famous book Chiefs and Families of note in the Punjab (Lahore, 1910, ii) as the son of a famous [[Janjua]] King [[Raja]] Mal Khan, who at the peak of his power aided his son's successive conquer of regions of Punjab and also what became known later as the 'Tawal' district. |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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It must be mentioned here that some Tanolis today claim to have migrated from a place called "Tanubal River" in [[Afghanistan]]. However, no "Tanoli" tribe has ever been found in any of the Pashtun tribal genealogies and nor is there any record of such a river in Afghanistan. Although some writers claim Tanoli tribes still reside in Afghanistan around Gardaiz and Ghazni, the authenticity of this claim is in question as 20th and 21st Century events in Afghanistan have never shown the presence of this tribe in that country. |
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[[Category:Social groups of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] |
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==Wars and Famous Personalities== |
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[[Category:Hindkowan tribes]] |
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The Yousafzai tribe came to Swat in approximately [[1450]]AD and began fighting with tribes inhabiting Swat namely the Tanolis, Swatis and Dilazak. After several battles between the Tanolis and the Yousafzais, the Tanoli Chief [[Sultan]] Ameer Khan Tanoli was finally [[martyred]] whilst fighting with Yousafzais at Topi (near Swabi). The Tanolis were temporarily pushed to the eastern bank of river [[Indus]]. |
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The Tanoli [[Chief]] Zabardast Khan gained the title of Suba [[Khan]] from [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] for his bravery in the historical battle against the [[Marathas]] at Panipat, where 250,000 strong army of [[Marathas]] were famously defeated by just 60,000 of Abdali's soldiers and allied Muslim tribes. |
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Nawab Painda Khan is famed for his staunch rebellion against Ranjit Singh's Governor of Hazara, Hari Singh Nalwa. He eventually lost all his territories except the Amb region. This was later recovered by his son Nawab Jahandad Khan by favour of Gulab Singh of Kashmir. |
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==Tanolis Today== |
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The last [[Nawab]] of the [[state]] of [[Amb]] was Nawab Salahuddin Khan who is the fourth in descendant grandson of Nawab Jahandad Khan son of Nawab Painda Khan of the Hindwal Tanolis. The [[dynasty]] of Raja Tanoli had ruled Tanowal/Amb state for centuries since the 13th century until 1973 when the royal status was abolished by the [[Pakistani]] Govt. |
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The majority of Tanolis reside in the former state of [[Amb]] in the [[Hazara]] division of the [[North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan|North-West Frontier Province]] of Pakistan. Their main langauges are [[Hindko language|Hindko]] and Punjabi. Those living in Pashtun dominated areas also speak [[Pushtu language|Pashto]]. |
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Some Tanolis have migrated during colonial times to other areas of Pakistan such Potohar area of Gujar Khan and many have also migrated to the UK to contribute to the labour shortages after the 2nd World War. |
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== Related Books == |
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* ''AL-Afghan Tanoli'' written by Ghulam Nabi. |
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* ''History of Tanolian'' written by Syed Murad Ali Shah. |
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* ''Historical Background of Tanolis'' written by M. Ismail afi. |
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* ''Tehreek e Janjua'' written by Muhammad Anwar Khan Janjua |
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* ''Chronicles of Early Janjuas'' by Dr Hussain Khan |
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Latest revision as of 11:40, 26 October 2024
The Tanoli (Hindko/Urdu: تنولی، تناولی) are a Hindkowan tribe living mainly in the Hazara area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.[1][2] They form the majority of the population of Lassan Nawab union council.[3] The Tanoli describe themselves as Barlas Turks. They never submitted to the British colonial rule in the 1840s.[2][page needed] They have two major divisions, namely Palaal (پل آل) and Hindaal (ہند آل).[4] In present day, the majority of the Tanolis speak the Hindko language.
Genetics
A genetic analysis of tribes residing in Buner and Swabi found that the most prevalent Y chromosomal haplogroup among the Tanoli is R1b1, with a very small contribution of R1a1, a genetic characteristic unlike Pashtuns. L-M20 and other South Asian lines are also present but to a small extent.[5]
Notable Tanoli people
- Nawab Jehandad Khan Tanoli, was a tribal chief of the Tanoli people
- Suba Khan Tanoli, Tanoli Chieftan and artillery master contributed to Afghan victory in the Third Battle of Panipat
- Nawabzada Farid Salahuddin Tanoli, Pakistani politician
- Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan, Nawab of Amb
See also
References
- ^ Pakistan Association of Scientists and Scientific Professions (1994). Proceedings of the PASSP Seminar on Kalabagh Dam: Technical options and their impact. Pakistan Association of Scientists and Scientific Professions. p. 211. ISBN 9787503218637.
- ^ a b Allen, Charles (2012). Soldier Sahibs: The Men Who Made the North-West Frontier. Hachette. p. 96. ISBN 9781848547209.
- ^ Khan, Shahrukh Rafi; Khan, Foqia Sadiq; Akhtar, Aasim Sajjad (2007). Initiating Devolution for Service Delivery in Pakistan: Ignoring the Power Structure. Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-19-547221-9.
- ^ Hazara Gazetteer, 1907
- ^ Tariq, Muhammad (2017). Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis (PDF) (Ph. D. thesis). Hazara University, Mansehra. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2023.