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Changing short description from "Archbishop of York; Bishop of Durham; British Anglican bishop and life peer (1927–2019)" to "Archbishop of York from 1983 to 1995"
 
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{{Short description|Archbishop of York from 1983 to 1995}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|RRevd|&RHPC|size=100%}}
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|MRevd|&RHPC|size=100%}}
| name = The Lord Habgood
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}}
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}}
| image = John Stapylton Habgood (1981).jpg
| image = John Stapylton Habgood (1981).jpg
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| other_post = [[Bishop of Durham]] (1973–1983)
| other_post = [[Bishop of Durham]] (1973–1983)
<!---------- Orders ---------->
<!---------- Orders ---------->
| ordination = 1955
| ordination = 1954
| consecration = 1973
| consecration = 1973
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = John Stapylton Habgood
| birth_name = John Stapylton Habgood
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|6|23|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|6|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Wolverton]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|3|6|1928|6|23|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|3|6|1927|6|23|df=y}}
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| religion = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
| death_place = [[York]], England
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| religion = [[Anglican]]
| spouse =
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| children =
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'''John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}} (23 June 1928 – 6 March 2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becket |first1=Adam |title=Death announced of John Habgood, former Archbishop of York |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2019/15-march/news/uk/death-announced-of-john-habgood-former-archbishop-of-york |work=Church Times |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> was a British [[Anglican]] bishop, academic, and [[life peer]]. He was [[Bishop of Durham]] from 1973 to 1983, and [[Archbishop of York]] from 18 November 1983 to 1995. In 1995, he was made a life peer and so continued to serve in the [[House of Lords]] after stepping down as archbishop. He took a leave of absence in later life, and in 2011 was one of the first peers to explicitly retire from the Lords.
'''John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}} (23 June 1927 – 6 March 2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Becket |first1=Adam |title=Death announced of John Habgood, former Archbishop of York |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2019/15-march/news/uk/death-announced-of-john-habgood-former-archbishop-of-york |work=Church Times |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> was a British [[Anglican]] bishop, academic, and [[life peer]]. He was [[Bishop of Durham]] from 1973 to 1983, and [[Archbishop of York]] from 18 November 1983 to 1995. In 1995, he was made a life peer and so continued to serve in the [[House of Lords]] after stepping down as archbishop. He took a leave of absence in later life, and in 2011 was one of the first peers to explicitly retire from the Lords.


==Early life and career==
==Personal life==
Habgood was born on 23 June 1928, the son of Dr Arthur Henry Habgood and his wife Vera.<ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|title=HABGOOD, Baron|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U18498/HABGOOD?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0|website=Who's Who|publisher=A & C Black|access-date=24 July 2017}}{{Subscription or membership required}}</ref> He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]], [[King's College, Cambridge]] and [[Ripon College Cuddesdon]]. A [[University of Cambridge|University]] [[Scientific demonstration|Demonstrator]] in [[Pharmacology]] from 1950, he became a [[Fellow]] of [[King's College, Cambridge]] in 1952.<ref>''University News.'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Wednesday, 19 March 1952; p. 6; Issue 52264</ref>
Habgood was born in [[Wolverton]], Buckinghamshire, on 23 June 1927, the son of Dr Arthur Henry Habgood and his wife Vera.<ref name = ODNB>{{cite ODNB|title = Habgood, John Stapylton, Baron Habgood (1927–2019), archbishop of York|last = Hall|first = John|date = 2023|doi = 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380877}}</ref><ref name="Who's Who">{{cite web|title=HABGOOD, Baron|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U18498/HABGOOD?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0|website=Who's Who|publisher=A & C Black|access-date=24 July 2017}}{{Subscription or membership required}}</ref> He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]], [[King's College, Cambridge]] and [[Ripon College Cuddesdon]]. A [[University of Cambridge|University]] [[Scientific demonstration|Demonstrator]] in [[Pharmacology]] from 1950, he became a [[fellow]] of [[King's College, Cambridge]] in 1952.<ref>''University News.'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Wednesday, 19 March 1952; p. 6; Issue 52264</ref> Also in 1952, he was awarded a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) degree for his thesis titled "[[Hyperalgesia]]: an electro-physiological approach".<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Habgood |first=John Stapylton |date=1952 |title=Hyperalgesia: an electro-physiological approach |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Cambridge }}</ref>


In 1961 Habgood married Rosalie Mary Anne Boston (died 2016); he had two daughters and two sons, including [[Francis Habgood]], formerly Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police.<ref name="Who's Who"/>
In 1961 Habgood married Rosalie Mary Anne Boston (died 2016); he had two daughters and two sons, including [[Francis Habgood]], formerly Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police.<ref name="Who's Who"/>

Habgood had [[Alzheimer's disease]] in his later years, and died at a care home in [[York]] on 6 March 2019, at the age of 91.<ref name = ODNB/>


==Early ministry==
==Early ministry==
Habgood was [[ordained]] in the [[Church of England]] as a [[Deacon#Anglicanism|deacon]] in 1953 and as a [[Priest#Anglican or Episcopalian|priest]] in 1955.<ref name="Crockford">{{Crockford| surname = Habgood | forenames = Lord (John Stapylton) | id = 34067 | accessed = 7 March 2019}}</ref> From 1954 to 1956, he was a [[curate]] at [[St Mary Abbots|St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington]], London.<ref>[http://smanews.weebly.com/ Church web site]</ref> From 1956 to 1962 he was Vice-Principal of [[Westcott House, Cambridge|Westcott House]] theological college in Cambridge. From 1962 to 1967 he was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of [[St John's Church, Jedburgh]]. In 1967 he became Principal of [[Queen's College, Edgbaston]], a theological college, until his appointment to the episcopate.<ref name="Who's Who"/>
Habgood was [[ordained]] in the [[Church of England]] as a [[Deacon#Anglicanism|deacon]] in 1954 and as a [[Priest#Anglican or Episcopalian|priest]] in 1955.<ref name="Crockford">{{Crockford| surname = Habgood | forenames = Lord (John Stapylton) | id = 34067 | accessed = 7 March 2019}}</ref> From 1954 to 1956, he was a [[curate]] at [[St Mary Abbots|St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington]], London.<ref>[http://smanews.weebly.com/ Church web site]</ref> From 1956 to 1962 he was Vice-Principal of [[Westcott House, Cambridge|Westcott House]] theological college in Cambridge. From 1962 to 1967 he was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] of [[St John's Church, Jedburgh]]. In 1967 he became Principal of [[Queen's College, Edgbaston]], a theological college, until his appointment to the episcopate.<ref name="Who's Who"/>


He was consecrated a bishop and appointed as [[Bishop of Durham]] in 1973.<ref>''New bishop consecrated'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Wednesday, 2 May 1973; p. 20; Issue 58771</ref> He was passed over by [[Margaret Thatcher]] for appointment as [[Bishop of London]] in 1981.<ref>"The Right Reverend Lord Habgood: Archbishop of York of the highest intellectual calibre and integrity, whose liberal views proved unfashionable in the 1980s" [[Daily Telegraph]] Obituaries p33 Issue no 50,947 dated Friday 8 March 2019</ref>
He was consecrated a bishop and appointed as [[Bishop of Durham]] in 1973.<ref>''New bishop consecrated'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Wednesday, 2 May 1973; p. 20; Issue 58771</ref> He was passed over by [[Margaret Thatcher]] for appointment as [[Bishop of London]] in 1981.<ref>"The Right Reverend Lord Habgood: Archbishop of York of the highest intellectual calibre and integrity, whose liberal views proved unfashionable in the 1980s" [[Daily Telegraph]] Obituaries p33 Issue no 50,947 dated Friday 8 March 2019</ref>


==Archbishop of York==
==Archbishop of York==
Habgood was elevated to [[Archbishop of York]] on 18 November 1983.<ref>[http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/York.htm Of Choristers – York, The Minster School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125152837/http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/York.htm |date=25 November 2010 }}</ref> The other name put forward for the Prime Minister's consideration was that of former England cricketer, [[David Sheppard]], by then Bishop of Liverpool. Sheppard's socialist views - he later sat in the Lords as a Labour Peer - did not commend him to Thatcher.<ref>Guardian obituary David Sheppard 7 March 2006.</ref> As an archbishop, Habgood was made a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]] in 1983.<ref>''Court Circular.'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Thursday, 22 December 1983; p. 12; Issue 61719</ref>
Habgood was elevated to [[Archbishop of York]] on 18 November 1983.<ref>[http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/York.htm Of Choristers – York, The Minster School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125152837/http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/York.htm |date=25 November 2010 }}</ref> The other name put forward for the Prime Minister's consideration was that of former England cricketer, [[David Sheppard]], by then Bishop of Liverpool. Sheppard's socialist views – he later sat in the Lords as a Labour Peer – did not commend him to Thatcher.<ref>Guardian obituary David Sheppard 7 March 2006.</ref> As an archbishop, Habgood was made a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]] in 1983.<ref>''Court Circular.'' ''[[The Times]]'' (London, England), Thursday, 22 December 1983; p. 12; Issue 61719</ref>


As Archbishop of York, Habgood was seen as a leader in keeping more conservative Anglicans within the church during growing divisions over the issue of women's ordination to the priesthood.<ref>{{cite news|title=Habgood to retire as Archbishop of York|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/habgood-to-retire-as-archbishop-of-york-1440043.html|work=Independent|date=30 September 1994}}</ref> He supported the [[Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion|ordination of women]] to the priesthood, arguing that [[Gender of God in Christianity|God is neither male nor female]].<ref name="obit G">{{cite news |last1=Webster |first1=Alan |title=Lord Habgood obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/07/lord-habgood-obituary |access-date=7 March 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=7 March 2019}}</ref> He also supported accommodating those who did not, and so introduced [[provincial episcopal visitors]] to provide pastoral care and oversight to laity, clergy, and parishes who could not accept women priests.<ref name="obit G" /> Habgood retired as Archbishop of York in 1995.
As Archbishop of York, Habgood was seen as a leader in keeping more conservative Anglicans within the church during growing divisions over the issue of women's ordination to the priesthood.<ref>{{cite news|title=Habgood to retire as Archbishop of York|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/habgood-to-retire-as-archbishop-of-york-1440043.html|work=The Independent|date=30 September 1994}}</ref> He supported the [[Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion|ordination of women]] to the priesthood, arguing that [[Gender of God in Christianity|God is neither male nor female]].<ref name="obit G">{{cite news |last1=Webster |first1=Alan |title=Lord Habgood obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/07/lord-habgood-obituary |access-date=7 March 2019 |work=The Guardian|location=London |date=7 March 2019}}</ref> He also supported accommodating those who did not, and so introduced [[provincial episcopal visitors]] to provide pastoral care and oversight to laity, clergy, and parishes who could not accept women priests.<ref name="obit G" /> Habgood retired as Archbishop of York in August 1995.


===Canterbury===
===Canterbury===
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==House of Lords==
==House of Lords==
From his appointment as [[Bishop of Durham]] in 1973 to his retirement as [[Archbishop of York]] in 1995, Habgood sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[Lord Spiritual]]. This was due to the senior rankings of the two bishoprics in the Church of England, which each granted an automatic seat in the Lords. He voted against [[Section 28]] of the Local Government Act 1988 which banned [[local authorities]] from "promoting homosexuality" and state schools from teaching the "acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship": it was later repealed in 2000 in Scotland and in 2003 in the rest of the UK.<ref name="dies BBC">{{cite web |title=Former Archbishop of York dies aged 91 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-47483477 |website=BBC News |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=7 March 2019}}</ref>
From his appointment as [[Bishop of Durham]] in 1973 to his retirement as [[Archbishop of York]] in 1995, Habgood sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[Lord Spiritual]]. This was due to the senior rankings of the two bishoprics in the Church of England, which each granted an automatic seat in the Lords. He voted against [[Section 28]] of the Local Government Act 1988 which banned [[local authorities]] from "promoting homosexuality" and state schools from teaching the "acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship": it was later repealed in 2000 in Scotland and in 2003 in the rest of the UK.<ref name="dies BBC">{{cite web |title=Former Archbishop of York dies aged 91 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-47483477 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=7 March 2019}}</ref>


Habgood was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Habgood''', of Calverton in the County of [[Buckinghamshire]] on 8 September 1995,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54156 |date=13 September 1995 |page=12433}}</ref> allowing him to continue to sit in the House of Lords as a [[Lord Temporal]]. He sat as a [[crossbencher]], rather than join a political party.<ref name="obit G" /> Later in his life he ceased attending the Lords and took leave of absence; on 3 October 2011 he became one of the first two peers to formally and permanently retire from membership under a newly instituted procedure<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/9284819.Former_Archbishop_of_York_retires_from_House_of_Lords/ |title=Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords |date=3 October 2011 |newspaper=The Press}}</ref> that was created before permanent retirement achieved full legal recognition under the [[House of Lords Reform Act 2014]].
Habgood was created a [[life peer]] as '''Baron Habgood''', of Calverton in the County of [[Buckinghamshire]] on 8 September 1995,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54156 |date=13 September 1995 |page=12433}}</ref> allowing him to continue to sit in the House of Lords as a [[Lord Temporal]]. He sat as a [[crossbencher]], rather than join a political party.<ref name="obit G" /> Later in his life he ceased attending the Lords and took leave of absence; on 3 October 2011 he became one of the first two peers to formally and permanently retire from membership under a newly instituted procedure<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/9284819.Former_Archbishop_of_York_retires_from_House_of_Lords/ |title=Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords |date=3 October 2011 |newspaper=The Press}}</ref> that was created before permanent retirement achieved full legal recognition under the [[House of Lords Reform Act 2014]].


==Religion and science==
==Religion and science==
Habgood was a member and past president of The Science and Religion Forum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|title=Reviews in Science and Religion (Num. 49,&nbsp;May 2007, page 17)|access-date=18 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172237/http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He wrote in this area, e.g., his book ''Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science'' (1965). Another example of his work in this area is "Faith, Science and the Future: the Conference Sermon", which was given at the [[World Council of Churches]]' conference on ''Faith, Science and the Future'' held on the [[MIT]] campus (12–24 July 1979).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ST4hAgAACAAJ Faith and Science in an Unjust World], World Council of Churches, 1980, {{ISBN|2-8254-0629-5}}, pp. 119–122</ref> An early 21st-century example is his review of [[Ronald L. Numbers]]'s book ''The Creationists'', which Habgood titled "The creation of Creationism: Today's brand of Protestant extremism should worry theologians as well as scientists".<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article4383951.ece The Times Literary Supplement] 23 July 2008, John Habgood</ref>
Habgood was a member and past president of The Science and Religion Forum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|title=Reviews in Science and Religion (Num. 49,&nbsp;May 2007, page 17)|access-date=18 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172237/http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2008}}</ref> He wrote in this area, e.g., his book ''Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science'' (1965). Another example of his work in this area is "Faith, Science and the Future: the Conference Sermon", which was given at the [[World Council of Churches]]' conference on ''Faith, Science and the Future'' held on the [[MIT]] campus (12–24 July 1979).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ST4hAgAACAAJ Faith and Science in an Unjust World], World Council of Churches, 1980, {{ISBN|2-8254-0629-5}}, pp. 119–122</ref> In 2000, he delivered the [[Gifford Lectures]] on ''The Concept of Nature'' at the [[University of Aberdeen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gifford Lectures |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/sdhp/events/gifford-lectures/index.php |website=abdn.ac.uk |publisher=University of Aberdeen}}</ref> An early 21st-century example is his review of [[Ronald L. Numbers]]'s book ''The Creationists'', which Habgood titled "The creation of Creationism: Today's brand of Protestant extremism should worry theologians as well as scientists".<ref>[https://archive.today/20080829185250/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article4383951.ece The Times Literary Supplement] 23 July 2008, John Habgood</ref>


==Books==
==Books==


*''Religion and Science'' (1964; 1965 U.S. publication retitled to ''Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science'')
*''Religion and Science'' (1964; 1965 U.S. publication retitled to ''Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science'')
: A [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]] and [[Nobel Laureate]], [[Nevill Mott]], has cited this book. :<blockquote>"I am impressed too by the point of view of the present Archbishop of York (John Habgood, Science and Religion, [London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1964]), that to understand the Bible we must try to enter into the belief patterns of the period"<ref>page 68 of {{cite book | author=Margenau, H. | year=1992 | title='''Cosmos, Bios, Theos''': Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens | publisher=[[Open Court Publishing Company]] | author-link=Henry Margenau}} co-edited with Roy Abraham Varghese. This book is mentioned in a 28 December 1992 ''[[Time magazine]]'' article: [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977352-1,00.html Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists]</ref>
: A [[Cavendish Professor of Physics]] and [[Nobel Laureate]], [[Nevill Mott]], has cited this book:
<blockquote>"I am impressed too by the point of view of the present Archbishop of York (John Habgood, Science and Religion, [London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1964]), that to understand the Bible we must try to enter into the belief patterns of the period".<ref>page 68 of {{cite book | author=Margenau, H. | year=1992 | title='''Cosmos, Bios, Theos''': Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens | publisher=[[Open Court Publishing Company]] | author-link=Henry Margenau}} co-edited with Roy Abraham Varghese. This book is mentioned in a 28 December 1992 ''[[Time magazine]]'' article: [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977352-1,00.html Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025232639/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977352-1,00.html |date=25 October 2012 }}</ref></blockquote>
</blockquote>
*''A Working Faith'' (1980)
*''A Working Faith'' (1980)
*''Church and Nation in a Secular Age'' (1983)
*''Church and Nation in a Secular Age'' (1983)
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==Arms==
==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]][[File:Habgood Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]] [[File:Habgood Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Per pale Azure and Gules a cross Ermine floretty Or between in dexter chief and sinister base a key in pale wards outwards and in sinister chief and dexter base a lion’s head erased also Or that in chief langued Azure and that in base langued Gules.
|escutcheon = Per pale Azure and Gules a cross Ermine floretty Or between in dexter chief and sinister base a key in pale wards outwards and in sinister chief and dexter base a lion’s head erased also Or that in chief langued Azure and that in base langued Gules.
|motto = Per Aspera Virtus <ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2000}}</ref>}}
|motto = Per Aspera Virtus<ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=2000}}</ref>}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080416201411/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=215 Biography – John Habgood], on the [[Gifford Lectures]] site. 2000–2001 lectures are online.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080416201411/http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=215 Biography – John Habgood], on the [[Gifford Lectures]] site. 2000–2001 lectures are online.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080808142611/http://www.investigatingatheism.info/johnhabgood.html John Habgood – God debates] at [[Cambridge]] website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080808142611/http://www.investigatingatheism.info/johnhabgood.html John Habgood – God debates] at [[Cambridge]] website
* [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/people/mr-john-habgood Contributions in the House of Lords]
* [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-john-habgood/index.html Contributions in the House of Lords]
*[http://www.asa3.org/asa/PSCF/2005/PSCF6-05Seybold.pdf "The Untidiness of Integration: John Stapylton Habgood"]. Kevin Seybold, Volume 57 Number 2. June 2005. ''[[PSCF]]''
*[http://www.asa3.org/asa/PSCF/2005/PSCF6-05Seybold.pdf "The Untidiness of Integration: John Stapylton Habgood"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325093940/http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2005/PSCF6-05Seybold.pdf |date=25 March 2016 }}. Kevin Seybold, Volume 57 Number 2. June 2005. ''[[PSCF]]''
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Latest revision as of 15:03, 26 October 2024

The Most Reverend and Right Honourable

John Habgood

PC
Archbishop of York
Habgood in 1981
ProvinceProvince of York
DioceseDiocese of York
Installed18 November 1983
Term ended1995
PredecessorStuart Blanch
SuccessorDavid Hope
Other post(s)Bishop of Durham (1973–1983)
Orders
Ordination1954
Consecration1973
Personal details
Born
John Stapylton Habgood

(1927-06-23)23 June 1927
Wolverton, England
Died6 March 2019(2019-03-06) (aged 91)
York, England
DenominationAnglican
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
8 September 1995 – 3 October 2011
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Spiritual
In office
1973–1995

John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood, PC (23 June 1927 – 6 March 2019)[1] was a British Anglican bishop, academic, and life peer. He was Bishop of Durham from 1973 to 1983, and Archbishop of York from 18 November 1983 to 1995. In 1995, he was made a life peer and so continued to serve in the House of Lords after stepping down as archbishop. He took a leave of absence in later life, and in 2011 was one of the first peers to explicitly retire from the Lords.

Personal life

[edit]

Habgood was born in Wolverton, Buckinghamshire, on 23 June 1927, the son of Dr Arthur Henry Habgood and his wife Vera.[2][3] He was educated at Eton, King's College, Cambridge and Ripon College Cuddesdon. A University Demonstrator in Pharmacology from 1950, he became a fellow of King's College, Cambridge in 1952.[4] Also in 1952, he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree for his thesis titled "Hyperalgesia: an electro-physiological approach".[5]

In 1961 Habgood married Rosalie Mary Anne Boston (died 2016); he had two daughters and two sons, including Francis Habgood, formerly Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police.[3]

Habgood had Alzheimer's disease in his later years, and died at a care home in York on 6 March 2019, at the age of 91.[2]

Early ministry

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Habgood was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1954 and as a priest in 1955.[6] From 1954 to 1956, he was a curate at St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington, London.[7] From 1956 to 1962 he was Vice-Principal of Westcott House theological college in Cambridge. From 1962 to 1967 he was Rector of St John's Church, Jedburgh. In 1967 he became Principal of Queen's College, Edgbaston, a theological college, until his appointment to the episcopate.[3]

He was consecrated a bishop and appointed as Bishop of Durham in 1973.[8] He was passed over by Margaret Thatcher for appointment as Bishop of London in 1981.[9]

Archbishop of York

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Habgood was elevated to Archbishop of York on 18 November 1983.[10] The other name put forward for the Prime Minister's consideration was that of former England cricketer, David Sheppard, by then Bishop of Liverpool. Sheppard's socialist views – he later sat in the Lords as a Labour Peer – did not commend him to Thatcher.[11] As an archbishop, Habgood was made a Privy Counsellor in 1983.[12]

As Archbishop of York, Habgood was seen as a leader in keeping more conservative Anglicans within the church during growing divisions over the issue of women's ordination to the priesthood.[13] He supported the ordination of women to the priesthood, arguing that God is neither male nor female.[14] He also supported accommodating those who did not, and so introduced provincial episcopal visitors to provide pastoral care and oversight to laity, clergy, and parishes who could not accept women priests.[14] Habgood retired as Archbishop of York in August 1995.

Canterbury

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When Robert Runcie announced his retirement as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1990, Habgood was regarded as one of the favourites to succeed him. The religious journalist Clifford Longley described him as "the outstanding churchman of his generation", although noting that Habgood had described himself as too old.[15] As preparations for the selection of the new archbishop began, Habgood gave a television interview stating that he was interested in being considered as "if I believed that this is what the church really wanted and if I believed that this is what God really wanted I would be under a strong obligation to say yes." At the same time it was reported that Habgood was not popular among those close to the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, who would make the actual recommendation to the Queen.[16] Habgood had also attracted criticism inside and outside the Church for his behaviour during the 1987 Crockford's Clerical Directory preface controversy.

At the beginning of May a report in the Sunday Correspondent stated that four candidates were under active consideration: Habgood, David Sheppard (Bishop of Liverpool), Colin James (Bishop of Winchester) and John Waine (Bishop of Chelmsford).[17] Habgood declined to take up the automatic place he could have had on the Crown Appointments Commission, which would select the two names to be given to the Prime Minister.[18] He was endorsed in a leader in The Times on 10 July 1990.[19] On 25 July it was announced that the next Archbishop of Canterbury would be George Carey, the Bishop of Bath and Wells. Habgood described him as "a good choice", adding that "there is a little human bit in anybody that likes the top job, but that is a very small part in my feelings. In my heart of hearts I didn't really want the job. If it had come five years ago I might have thought differently but you slow up and it is an enormously tiring job."[20]

House of Lords

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From his appointment as Bishop of Durham in 1973 to his retirement as Archbishop of York in 1995, Habgood sat in the House of Lords as a Lord Spiritual. This was due to the senior rankings of the two bishoprics in the Church of England, which each granted an automatic seat in the Lords. He voted against Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 which banned local authorities from "promoting homosexuality" and state schools from teaching the "acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship": it was later repealed in 2000 in Scotland and in 2003 in the rest of the UK.[21]

Habgood was created a life peer as Baron Habgood, of Calverton in the County of Buckinghamshire on 8 September 1995,[22] allowing him to continue to sit in the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal. He sat as a crossbencher, rather than join a political party.[14] Later in his life he ceased attending the Lords and took leave of absence; on 3 October 2011 he became one of the first two peers to formally and permanently retire from membership under a newly instituted procedure[23] that was created before permanent retirement achieved full legal recognition under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014.

Religion and science

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Habgood was a member and past president of The Science and Religion Forum.[24] He wrote in this area, e.g., his book Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science (1965). Another example of his work in this area is "Faith, Science and the Future: the Conference Sermon", which was given at the World Council of Churches' conference on Faith, Science and the Future held on the MIT campus (12–24 July 1979).[25] In 2000, he delivered the Gifford Lectures on The Concept of Nature at the University of Aberdeen.[26] An early 21st-century example is his review of Ronald L. Numbers's book The Creationists, which Habgood titled "The creation of Creationism: Today's brand of Protestant extremism should worry theologians as well as scientists".[27]

Books

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  • Religion and Science (1964; 1965 U.S. publication retitled to Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science)
A Cavendish Professor of Physics and Nobel Laureate, Nevill Mott, has cited this book:

"I am impressed too by the point of view of the present Archbishop of York (John Habgood, Science and Religion, [London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1964]), that to understand the Bible we must try to enter into the belief patterns of the period".[28]

  • A Working Faith (1980)
  • Church and Nation in a Secular Age (1983)
  • Confessions of a Conservative Liberal (1988)
  • Making Sense (1993)
  • Faith and Uncertainty (1997)
  • Being a Person (1998)
  • Varieties of Unbelief (2000)
  • The Concept of Nature (2002)[29]

Arms

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Coat of arms of John Habgood
Escutcheon
Per pale Azure and Gules a cross Ermine floretty Or between in dexter chief and sinister base a key in pale wards outwards and in sinister chief and dexter base a lion’s head erased also Or that in chief langued Azure and that in base langued Gules.
Motto
Per Aspera Virtus[30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Becket, Adam. "Death announced of John Habgood, former Archbishop of York". Church Times. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b Hall, John (2023). "Habgood, John Stapylton, Baron Habgood (1927–2019), archbishop of York". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380877. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c "HABGOOD, Baron". Who's Who. A & C Black. Retrieved 24 July 2017.(Subscription or UK public library membership required)
  4. ^ University News. The Times (London, England), Wednesday, 19 March 1952; p. 6; Issue 52264
  5. ^ Habgood, John Stapylton (1952). Hyperalgesia: an electro-physiological approach (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
  6. ^ "Lord (John Stapylton) Habgood". Crockford's Clerical Directory (online ed.). Church House Publishing. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  7. ^ Church web site
  8. ^ New bishop consecrated The Times (London, England), Wednesday, 2 May 1973; p. 20; Issue 58771
  9. ^ "The Right Reverend Lord Habgood: Archbishop of York of the highest intellectual calibre and integrity, whose liberal views proved unfashionable in the 1980s" Daily Telegraph Obituaries p33 Issue no 50,947 dated Friday 8 March 2019
  10. ^ Of Choristers – York, The Minster School Archived 25 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Guardian obituary David Sheppard 7 March 2006.
  12. ^ Court Circular. The Times (London, England), Thursday, 22 December 1983; p. 12; Issue 61719
  13. ^ "Habgood to retire as Archbishop of York". The Independent. 30 September 1994.
  14. ^ a b c Webster, Alan (7 March 2019). "Lord Habgood obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  15. ^ Longley, Clifford (31 March 1990). "Habgood by a head". The Times. p. 10.
  16. ^ Longley, Clifford (4 May 1990). "Habgood's mitre in the Canterbury ring". The Times. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Four left in Runcie race". The Sunday Times. 6 May 1990.
  18. ^ "Bishops to help select archbishop". The Times. 23 June 1990. p. 3.
  19. ^ "A Sceptic for Canterbury", The Times, 10 July 1990, p. 15.
  20. ^ "Carey appointment welcomed by Runcie". The Times. 26 July 1990. p. 2.
  21. ^ "Former Archbishop of York dies aged 91". BBC News. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  22. ^ "No. 54156". The London Gazette. 13 September 1995. p. 12433.
  23. ^ "Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords". The Press. 3 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Reviews in Science and Religion (Num. 49, May 2007, page 17)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  25. ^ Faith and Science in an Unjust World, World Council of Churches, 1980, ISBN 2-8254-0629-5, pp. 119–122
  26. ^ "The Gifford Lectures". abdn.ac.uk. University of Aberdeen.
  27. ^ The Times Literary Supplement 23 July 2008, John Habgood
  28. ^ page 68 of Margenau, H. (1992). Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens. Open Court Publishing Company. co-edited with Roy Abraham Varghese. This book is mentioned in a 28 December 1992 Time magazine article: Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists Archived 25 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ British Library web site accessed 17:08 GMT Friday 13 July 2011
  30. ^ Debrett's Peerage. 2000.
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Academic offices
Preceded by Principal of Queen's College, Birmingham
1967–1973 		Succeeded by
Church of England titles
Preceded by Bishop of Durham
1973–1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Archbishop of York
1983–1995 		Succeeded by
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