Caudron C.800: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Two-seat French glider, 1942}} |
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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| name=C.800 |
| name=C.800 |
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| image=Caudron_C.800_(MAE).JPG |
| image=Caudron_C.800_(MAE).JPG |
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| caption= |
| caption= |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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| type=Two |
| type=Two-seat basic [[Training aircraft|training]] [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] |
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| national origin=[[France]] |
| national origin=[[France]] |
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| manufacturer=[[SNCAN]] |
| manufacturer=[[SNCAN]] |
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The '''Caudron C.800''', at first also known as the '''Epervier''' ({{ |
The '''Caudron C.800''', at first also known as the '''Epervier''' ({{langx|en|Sparrowhawk}}) is a French two seat [[Training aircraft|training]] [[glider (sailplane)|glider]], designed and first flown during [[World War II]] and put into large scale post-war production. It was the dominant basic training glider with French clubs until the 1960s and several still fly. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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Design of the Caudron C.800 began soon after the Franco-German [[Second Armistice at Compiègne|Armistice]] of June 1940, proceeding in parallel with that of the [[Castel C.25S]]. Both aircraft were intended to increase the number of machines available for recreational gliding in the southern, unoccupied region of France. Its wood framed, [[Aircraft fabric covering|fabric]] covered [[monoplane#Types|high wings]] are braced from below with short and quite broad [[chord (aircraft)|chord]] [[aircraft fairing|faired]] [[strut]]s, one on each side, from the lower [[fuselage]] to the constant chord wing centre section. Outboard the wing panels taper roughly |
Design of the Caudron C.800 began soon after the Franco-German [[Second Armistice at Compiègne|Armistice]] of June 1940, proceeding in parallel with that of the [[Castel C.25S]]. Both aircraft were intended to increase the number of machines available for recreational gliding in the southern, unoccupied region of France. Its wood framed, [[Aircraft fabric covering|fabric]] covered [[monoplane#Types|high wings]] are braced from below with short and quite broad [[chord (aircraft)|chord]] [[aircraft fairing|faired]] [[strut]]s, one on each side, from the lower [[fuselage]] to the constant chord wing centre section. Outboard the wing panels taper roughly elliptically, with obliquely hinged [[ailerons]] filling their whole [[trailing edge]]s.<ref name=Hardy>{{cite book |title=Gliders & Sailplanes of the World|last= Hardy |first= Michael |year=1982|publisher=Ian Allan Ltd|location= London|isbn=0 7110 1152 4|page=25}}</ref><ref name="Shenstone">{{cite book|last=Shenstone|first=B.S.|title=The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde|year=1958|publisher=Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue|location=Zurich|pages=9–13|edition=1st |author2=K.G. Wilkinson |author3=Peter Brooks|language=en, fr, de}}</ref> |
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The fuselage is a [[plywood]] covered wooden [[monocoque]]<ref name="Shenstone" /> with an oval cross section; the |
The fuselage is a [[plywood]] covered wooden [[monocoque]]<ref name="Shenstone" /> with an oval cross section; the wing is mounted at the highest point immediately behind the [[cockpit]], which places instructor and pupil in [[tandem#Side-by-side|side-by-side]] seats ahead of the [[leading edge]], equipped with dual control and covered by a short, upward opening, rear hinged, multi-piece [[canopy (aircraft)|canopy]].<ref name=Hardy/> There is another pair of opening fuselage transparencies immediately below the canopy. Behind the wing the fuselage tapers, initially quickly, to the tail where the narrow chord, round tipped [[tailplane]] is mounted, with some [[dihedral (aircraft)|dihedral]], on top of it. The broader, split [[elevator (aircraft)|elevators]] are ahead of a straight edged, blunt tipped narrow [[fin]] and wide [[rudder]]. Like the wings, the [[empennage]] is wood framed and fabric covered. The [[Landing gear#Gliders|monowheel undercarriage]] is assisted by a sprung, wooden skid reaching forwards from the wheel to the nose, and by a tail skid.<ref name=Hardy/> |
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Two prototype C.800s were flown during [[World War II]], the first in April 1942.<ref name=VGC>{{cite journal |
Two prototype C.800s were flown during [[World War II]], the first in April 1942.<ref name=VGC>{{cite journal|date=Summer 1982|title=French glider production|journal=Vintage Glider Club News|volume=44|pages=11–22|url=http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/VGC%20News%201973-2003/No_44_Summer_1982.pdf|quote=production figures as stated in a special edition of AVIASPORT for French glider types, published by Pierre Bonneau in 1960|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324145010/http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/VGC%20News%201973-2003/No_44_Summer_1982.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-24}}</ref><ref name=j2mcl>{{cite web|url=http://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php/?code=370|title=Caudron C.800 - j2mcl Planeurs|access-date=2012-11-10}}</ref> A single-seat version, the '''C.810''' was also flown in 1942 but these two prototypes were destroyed by bombing. An improved single-seat variant, the '''C.811''' was flown after 1945 but not developed; it was seen by the French Air Ministry as too similar to existing types such as the [[Schneider Grunau Baby|Grunau]].<ref name=VGC/> |
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in 1960|accessdate= }}</ref><ref name=j2mcl>{{cite web|url=http://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php/?code=370|title=Caudron C.800 - j2mcl Planeurs|accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> A single seat version, the '''C.810''' was also flown in 1942 but these two prototypes were destroyed by bombing. An improved single seat variant, the '''C.811''' was flown after 1945 but not developed; it was seen by the French Air Ministry as too similar to existing types such as the [[Schneider Grunau Baby|Grunau]].<ref name=VGC/> |
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In 1951 an improved version of the C.800 named '''C.801''' was designed by Raymond Jarlaud. This had a reinforced structure, an enlarged rudder and balanced ailerons. Cockpit visibility was improved by simplifying the frames with more curved glazing and ground handling was made easier by moving the monowheel forward.<ref name=VGC/><ref name=j2mcl2>{{cite web|url=http://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php?code=371|title=Caudron C.801 - j2mcl Planeurs| |
In 1951 an improved version of the C.800 named '''C.801''' was designed by Raymond Jarlaud. This had a reinforced structure, an enlarged rudder and balanced ailerons. Cockpit visibility was improved by simplifying the frames with more curved glazing and ground handling was made easier by moving the monowheel forward.<ref name=VGC/><ref name=j2mcl2>{{cite web|url=http://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php?code=371|title=Caudron C.801 - j2mcl Planeurs|access-date=2012-11-10}}</ref> |
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[[File:Interior view air museum Angers-Marcé-4.jpg|thumb|right]] |
[[File:Interior view air museum Angers-Marcé-4.jpg|thumb|right]] |
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[[File:C800-01.jpg|thumb|right|C800 on [[Lyon]]-[[Corbas]] ([[France]]) field circa 1950]] |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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After the liberation of France in 1944, the French government ordered 450 as part of an effort to revive French aviation, though this was later reduced to 248.<ref name=j2mcl/> Production of 300 began in 1945 at the [[Aire-sur-Adour]] factory of the Fouga company, by then part of [[SCAN]]. Most went to civil gliding clubs becoming, along with the [[Castel C.25S]], the national standard two |
After the liberation of France in 1944, the French government ordered 450 as part of an effort to revive French aviation, though this was later reduced to 248.<ref name=j2mcl/> Production of 300 began in 1945 at the [[Aire-sur-Adour]] factory of the Fouga company, by then part of [[SCAN]]. Most went to civil gliding clubs becoming, along with the [[Castel C.25S]], the national standard two-seat trainer type until their replacement by the [[Wassmer WA 30 Bijave]] in the early 1960s. It remained an important club stalwart for twenty years after its introduction.<ref name=VGC/> Some were operated by the [[French Air Force]] and [[Aéronavale]].<ref name=j2mcl/> |
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Ten C.801s were built at Aire-sur-Adour<ref name=VGC/> but were withdrawn from use in 1957 on safety grounds.<ref name=j2mcl2/> |
Ten C.801s were built at Aire-sur-Adour<ref name=VGC/> but were withdrawn from use in 1957 on safety grounds.<ref name=j2mcl2/> |
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In 2010 six C.800s remained on the [[France|French]] civil aircraft register and one on the [[Netherlands|Dutch]].<ref name=EuReg>{{cite book |title=European registers handbook 2010 |last= Partington |first=Dave |
In 2010 six C.800s remained on the [[France|French]] civil aircraft register and one on the [[Netherlands|Dutch]].<ref name=EuReg>{{cite book |title=European registers handbook 2010 |last= Partington |first=Dave |year=2010|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|isbn=978-0-85130-425-0}}</ref> |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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;C.800 Motorized version: Little is known of this one-off modification. |
;C.800 Motorized version: Little is known of this one-off modification. |
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;C.801: Improved 1950s version; 10 built. |
;C.801: Improved 1950s version; 10 built. |
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;C.810: Single |
;C.810: Single-seat variant, flown 1942. The two prototypes were destroyed by bombing. |
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;C.811: Improved C.310 flown post-war but not developed. |
;C.811: Improved C.310 flown post-war but not developed. |
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==Aircraft on display== |
==Aircraft on display== |
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''Data from'' Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe.<ref name=Ogden>{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last=Ogden |first=Bob |
''Data from'' Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe.<ref name=Ogden>{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last=Ogden |first=Bob |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|isbn=978 0 85130 418 2}}</ref> |
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C.800s are on public display at |
C.800s are on public display at |
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* The Army Museum, [[ |
* The Army Museum, [[Brussels]] |
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;* Musée de l'Agriculture et de la Locomotion, [[Uzès]] |
;* Musée de l'Agriculture et de la Locomotion, [[Uzès]] |
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;* Musée Maurice Dufresnes, [[Azay-le-Rideau]] |
;* Musée Maurice Dufresnes, [[Azay-le-Rideau]] |
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==Notes== |
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;Notes |
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in 1960|accessdate= }} |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Rétros du Mois|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 2000 |issue=85 |page=5 |trans-title=Retros of the Month|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}} |
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⚫ | *{{cite journal|date=Summer 1982|title=French glider production|journal=Vintage Glider Club News|volume=44|pages=11–22|url=http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/VGC%20News%201973-2003/No_44_Summer_1982.pdf|quote=production figures as stated in a special edition of AVIASPORT for French glider types, published by Pierre Bonneau in 1960|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324145010/http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/VGC%20News%201973-2003/No_44_Summer_1982.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-24}} |
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{{commons category|Caudron C.800}} |
{{commons category|Caudron C.800}} |
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*[http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/goe654.gif Göttingen 654 airfoil] |
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*[http://www.ae.illinois.edu/m-selig/ads/afplots/goe676.gif Göttingen 676 airfoil] |
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*[http://www.lakesgc.co.uk/mainwebpages/VGC%20News%201973-2003/No_44_Summer_1982.pdf] |
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{{Caudron aircraft}} |
{{Caudron aircraft}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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[[Category:French sailplanes |
[[Category:1940s French sailplanes]] |
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[[Category:Caudron aircraft]] |
[[Category:Caudron aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Glider aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1942]] |
Latest revision as of 15:42, 26 October 2024
C.800 | |
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Role | Two-seat basic training glider |
National origin | France |
Manufacturer | SNCAN |
Designer | Raymond Jarlaud |
First flight | April 1942 |
Number built | 315 |
The Caudron C.800, at first also known as the Epervier (English: Sparrowhawk) is a French two seat training glider, designed and first flown during World War II and put into large scale post-war production. It was the dominant basic training glider with French clubs until the 1960s and several still fly.
Design and development
[edit]Design of the Caudron C.800 began soon after the Franco-German Armistice of June 1940, proceeding in parallel with that of the Castel C.25S. Both aircraft were intended to increase the number of machines available for recreational gliding in the southern, unoccupied region of France. Its wood framed, fabric covered high wings are braced from below with short and quite broad chord faired struts, one on each side, from the lower fuselage to the constant chord wing centre section. Outboard the wing panels taper roughly elliptically, with obliquely hinged ailerons filling their whole trailing edges.[1][2]
The fuselage is a plywood covered wooden monocoque[2] with an oval cross section; the wing is mounted at the highest point immediately behind the cockpit, which places instructor and pupil in side-by-side seats ahead of the leading edge, equipped with dual control and covered by a short, upward opening, rear hinged, multi-piece canopy.[1] There is another pair of opening fuselage transparencies immediately below the canopy. Behind the wing the fuselage tapers, initially quickly, to the tail where the narrow chord, round tipped tailplane is mounted, with some dihedral, on top of it. The broader, split elevators are ahead of a straight edged, blunt tipped narrow fin and wide rudder. Like the wings, the empennage is wood framed and fabric covered. The monowheel undercarriage is assisted by a sprung, wooden skid reaching forwards from the wheel to the nose, and by a tail skid.[1]
Two prototype C.800s were flown during World War II, the first in April 1942.[3][4] A single-seat version, the C.810 was also flown in 1942 but these two prototypes were destroyed by bombing. An improved single-seat variant, the C.811 was flown after 1945 but not developed; it was seen by the French Air Ministry as too similar to existing types such as the Grunau.[3]
In 1951 an improved version of the C.800 named C.801 was designed by Raymond Jarlaud. This had a reinforced structure, an enlarged rudder and balanced ailerons. Cockpit visibility was improved by simplifying the frames with more curved glazing and ground handling was made easier by moving the monowheel forward.[3][5]
Operational history
[edit]After the liberation of France in 1944, the French government ordered 450 as part of an effort to revive French aviation, though this was later reduced to 248.[4] Production of 300 began in 1945 at the Aire-sur-Adour factory of the Fouga company, by then part of SCAN. Most went to civil gliding clubs becoming, along with the Castel C.25S, the national standard two-seat trainer type until their replacement by the Wassmer WA 30 Bijave in the early 1960s. It remained an important club stalwart for twenty years after its introduction.[3] Some were operated by the French Air Force and Aéronavale.[4]
Ten C.801s were built at Aire-sur-Adour[3] but were withdrawn from use in 1957 on safety grounds.[5]
In 2010 six C.800s remained on the French civil aircraft register and one on the Dutch.[6]
Variants
[edit]- C.800
- Original 1940s production; 302 built.
- C.800 Motorized version
- Little is known of this one-off modification.
- C.801
- Improved 1950s version; 10 built.
- C.810
- Single-seat variant, flown 1942. The two prototypes were destroyed by bombing.
- C.811
- Improved C.310 flown post-war but not developed.
Aircraft on display
[edit]Data from Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe.[7] C.800s are on public display at
- The Army Museum, Brussels
- Musée de l'Agriculture et de la Locomotion, Uzès
- Musée Maurice Dufresnes, Azay-le-Rideau
- Musée Régional de l'Air, Angers
- Musée de l'Aviation de Mas Palegry, Perpignan
- Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, le Bourget
- Ailes Anciennes Toulouse, Blagnac
Specifications (C.800)
[edit]Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 8.35 m (27 ft 5 in)
- Wingspan: 16.0 m (52 ft 6 in)
- Height: 2.36 m (7 ft 9 in)
- Wing area: 22.0 m2 (237 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 11.6
- Airfoil: root Göttingen 654, tip Göttingen 676
- Empty weight: 240 kg (529 lb)
- Gross weight: 420 kg (926 lb)
Performance
- Never exceed speed: 170 km/h (110 mph, 92 kn)
- Rough air speed max: 85 km/h (52.8 mph; 45.9 kn)
- Aerotow speed: 90 km/h (55.9 mph; 48.6 kn)
- Rate of sink: 0.93 m/s (183 ft/min) at 68 km/h (42.3 mph; 36.7 kn)
- Lift-to-drag: ~21 at 78 km/h (48.5 mph; 42.1 kn)
- Wing loading: 19.1 kg/m2 (3.9 lb/sq ft)
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c Hardy, Michael (1982). Gliders & Sailplanes of the World. London: Ian Allan Ltd. p. 25. ISBN 0 7110 1152 4.
- ^ a b c Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 9–13.
- ^ a b c d e "French glider production" (PDF). Vintage Glider Club News. 44: 11–22. Summer 1982. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-24.
production figures as stated in a special edition of AVIASPORT for French glider types, published by Pierre Bonneau in 1960
- ^ a b c "Caudron C.800 - j2mcl Planeurs". Retrieved 2012-11-10.
- ^ a b "Caudron C.801 - j2mcl Planeurs". Retrieved 2012-11-10.
- ^ Partington, Dave (2010). European registers handbook 2010. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85130-425-0.
- ^ Ogden, Bob (2009). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 978 0 85130 418 2.
Bibliography
[edit]- Cortet, Pierre (April 2000). "Rétros du Mois" [Retros of the Month]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (85): 5. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Hardy, Michael (1982). Gliders & Sailplanes of the World. London: Ian Allan Ltd. p. 25. ISBN 0 7110 1152 4.
- Ogden, Bob (2009). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 978 0 85130 418 2.
- OSTIV (1958). The World's Sailplanes. Vol. 1. OSTIV & Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 31, 34.
- Partington, Dave (2010). European registers handbook 2010. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85130-425-0.
- "French glider production" (PDF). Vintage Glider Club News. 44: 11–22. Summer 1982. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-24.
production figures as stated in a special edition of AVIASPORT for French glider types, published by Pierre Bonneau in 1960
- "Caudron C.800 - j2mcl Planeurs". Retrieved 2012-11-10.
- "Caudron C.801 - j2mcl Planeurs". Retrieved 2012-11-10.