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{{Short description|Italian order of knighthood}}
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<!-- [[Military Order of Savoy]] re-directs here -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{see also|Gold Medal of Military Valor|Silver Medal of Military Valor|Bronze Medal of Military Valor}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2022}}
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The '''Military Order of Italy''' is the highest military [[Order (decoration)|order]] of the [[Italian Republic]] and the former [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]]. It was founded as the '''Military Order of Savoy''', a national order of chivalry, by the King of Sardinia, [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Vittorio Emanuele I]], Duke of Savoy in 1815.<ref>Founded by Letters Patent dated 14 August 1815, renewed by Royal Decree on 27 September 1855 and 28 March 1857</ref> The order is awarded in five degrees for distinguished wartime conduct of units of the armed forces or individual personnel that has "proven expertise, a sense of responsibility and valour."
{{Infobox order
| name = Military Order of Italy
| native_name = {{nobold|Ordine Militare d'Italia}}
| native_name_lang = it
| image = Med-placca-1.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Republican Breast star of a Military Knight Grand Cross
| awarded_by = the [[Italy|Italian Republic]]
| type = [[Order of chivalry]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1815|08|14|df=yes}}
| country = [[Italy]]
| ribbon =
| motto =
| eligibility = Military personnel
| criteria = Valour
| status = Currently constituted
| founder =
| head_title = [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master]]
| head = [[President of Italy|President of the Republic]]
| head2_title = [[Chancellor]]
| head2 = [[Italian Minister of Defence|Minister of Defence]]
| grades = {{plainlist|
* Knight Grand Cross
* Grand Officer
* Commander
* Officer
* Knight
}}
| post-nominals = OMI
| former_grades =
| website = {{URL|https://www.quirinale.it/page/omi}}
| first_induction =
| last_induction =
| total =
| higher = [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
| lower = [[Order of Merit for Labour]]
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
}}


⚫
The '''Military Order of Italy''' ({{langx|it|Ordine Militare d'Italia}}) is the highest military [[Order (decoration)|order]] of the [[Italian Republic]] and the former [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]]. It was founded as the [[Military Order of Savoy]], a national order by the King of Sardinia, [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Vittorio Emanuele I]], Duke of Savoy in 1815.<ref>Founded by Letters Patent dated 14 August 1815, renewed by Royal Decree on 27 September 1855 and 28 March 1857</ref> The order is awarded in five degrees for distinguished wartime conduct of units of the armed forces or individual personnel that has "proven expertise, a sense of responsibility and valour."
⚫
The military order was continued on the [[Italian unification|unification of Italy]] in 1861 and was revived, under its new name, following the [[birth of the Italian Republic|foundation of the Republic]] in 1946.<ref>Under Legislative Decree of the Provisional Head of State No. 15 of 2 June 1947, renewed by Law No. 199 of 27 March 1952</ref> It is bestowed by decree of the [[President of the Italian Republic]], head of the order, on the recommendation of the [[Italian Minister of Defence|Minister of Defence]]. Today there are just 14 living recipients: five from the [[Esercito Italiano|Army]], three from the [[Marina Militare|Navy]] and six from the [[Aeronautica Militare|Air Force]].<ref>[http://www.cnicg.net/repubblica.asp?strRefUrl=http://www.cnicg.net/orders.asp&strRefNome=Ordini%20Cavallereschi%20Italiani Ordini Cavallereschi della Republica Italiana] Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)</ref>


⚫
The order was continued on the [[Italian unification|unification of Italy]] in 1861 and was revived, under its new name, following the [[birth of the Italian Republic|foundation of the Republic]] in 1946.<ref>Under Legislative Decree of the Provisional Head of State No. 15 of 2 June 1947, renewed by Law No. 199 of 27 March 1952</ref> It is bestowed by decree of the [[President of the Italian Republic]], head of the order, on the recommendation of the [[Italian Minister of Defence|Minister of Defence]].
⚫
==Grades==

⚫
== Grades ==
⚫
Recipients of the ''Ordine militare di Savoia'' were transferred retaining their existing accoutrements and seniority.
[[File:Med-insegnarecto.jpg|thumb|150px|The insignia of a Military Knight of Italy]]
The various degrees of the order, which may be conferred posthumously, are as follows:
The various degrees of the order, which may be conferred posthumously, are as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
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!Monarchy !! Republic !!Class (English) !! Full title in Italian
!Monarchy !! Republic !!Class (English) !! Full title in Italian
|-
|-
| [[File:Cavaliere di gran croce OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[Image:Cavaliere di gran Croce BAR.svg|80px]] ||1st Class / Knight Grand Cross ||''Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia''
| [[File:Cavaliere di gran croce OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[Image:Cavaliere di gran Croce BAR.svg|80px]] ||1st Class / Knight Grand Cross ||''Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine militare d'Italia''
|-
|-
| [[File:Grande ufficiale OMS BAR.svg|80px]] || [[File:Grande ufficiale BAR.svg|80px]] ||2nd Class / Grand Officer ||''Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia''
| [[File:Grande ufficiale OMS BAR.svg|80px]] || [[File:Grande ufficiale BAR.svg|80px]] ||2nd Class / Grand Officer ||''Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine militare d'Italia''
|-
|-
| [[File:Commendatore OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Commendatore BAR.svg|80px]] ||3rd Class / Commander ||''Commendatore dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia''
| [[File:Commendatore OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Commendatore BAR.svg|80px]] ||3rd Class / Commander ||''Commendatore dell'Ordine militare d'Italia''
|-
|-
| [[File:Ufficiale OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Ufficiale BAR.svg|80px]] ||4th Class / Officer ||''Ufficiale dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia''
| [[File:Ufficiale OMS BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Ufficiale BAR.svg|80px]] ||4th Class / Officer ||''Ufficiale dell'Ordine militare d'Italia''
|-
|-
| [[File:Cavaliere BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Cavaliere BAR.svg|80px]] ||5th Class / Knight ||''Cavaliere dell'Ordine Militare d'Italia''
| [[File:Cavaliere BAR.svg|80px]] ||[[File:Cavaliere BAR.svg|80px]] ||5th Class / Knight ||''Cavaliere dell'Ordine militare d'Italia''
|-
|-
|}
|}
⚫
The lowest of these may also be awarded for peacetime actions. Recipients of the Military Order of Savoy were transferred to the Military Order of Italy retaining their existing accoutrements and seniority.


The lowest of these may also be awarded for peacetime actions.
⚫
==Insignia==

⚫
== Insignia ==
* The badge is a golden matuna cross, enamelled in white, with a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves between the arms of the cross. Officers and Knights wear this badge on a ribbon on the left chest. Commanders and Grand Officers wear it on a necklet.
* The badge is a golden matuna cross, enamelled in white, with a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves between the arms of the cross. Officers and Knights wear this badge on a ribbon on the left chest. Commanders and Grand Officers wear it on a necklet.
** The obverse central disc during the monarchy was red enamel with a white enamel cross. The current version is in white enamel with the letters <small>R.I.</small> (for ''Repubblica Italiana''). In both cases the disc is surrounded by a red enamel ring bearing the inscription ''Al Merito Militare''.
** The obverse central disc during the monarchy was red enamel with a white enamel cross. The current version is in white enamel with the letters <small>R.I.</small> (for ''Repubblica Italiana''). In both cases the disc is surrounded by a red enamel ring bearing the inscription ''Al Merito Militare''.
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* Knights Grand Cross wear a sash with the badge of the order suspended from it.
* Knights Grand Cross wear a sash with the badge of the order suspended from it.


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Civil Order of Savoy]]
* [[List of Italian orders of knighthood]]
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* [[Military Order of Savoy]]
* [[Civil Order of Savoy]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/onorificenze/onorificenze.asp Presidenza della Repubblica - Le Onorificenze] {{it}}
* [http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/onorificenze/onorificenze.asp Presidenza della Repubblica - Le Onorificenze] {{in lang|it}}
* [http://disavoia.org/index.php Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia] {{en}}
* [http://www.ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it Ordini dinastici della Real Casa di Savoia] {{in lang|it}}


{{Italian orders of knighthood}}
{{Italian orders of knighthood}}


[[Category:House of Savoy]]
[[Category:House of Savoy]]
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[[Category:Military orders|Italy, Military Order of]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1815|Italy, Military Order of]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1815|Italy, Military Order of]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of Italy]]
[[Category:Military awards and decorations of Italy]]
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[[Category:Military Order of Savoy|*]]

[[Category:1815 establishments in the Kingdom of Sardinia]]
[[ca:Orde Militar de Savoia]]
[[it:Ordine militare d'Italia]]
[[nl:Militaire Orde van Italië]]
[[ru:Военный орден Италии]]

Latest revision as of 17:39, 26 October 2024

Military Order of Italy
Ordine Militare d'Italia
Republican Breast star of a Military Knight Grand Cross
Awarded by the Italian Republic
TypeOrder of chivalry
Established14 August 1815; 209 years ago (1815-08-14)
CountryItaly
EligibilityMilitary personnel
CriteriaValour
StatusCurrently constituted
Grand MasterPresident of the Republic
ChancellorMinister of Defence
Grades
  • Knight Grand Cross
  • Grand Officer
  • Commander
  • Officer
  • Knight
Post-nominalsOMI
Websitewww.quirinale.it/page/omi
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Next (lower)Order of Merit for Labour


The Military Order of Italy (Italian: Ordine Militare d'Italia) is the highest military order of the Italian Republic and the former Kingdom of Italy. It was founded as the Military Order of Savoy, a national order by the King of Sardinia, Vittorio Emanuele I, Duke of Savoy in 1815.[1] The order is awarded in five degrees for distinguished wartime conduct of units of the armed forces or individual personnel that has "proven expertise, a sense of responsibility and valour."

The order was continued on the unification of Italy in 1861 and was revived, under its new name, following the foundation of the Republic in 1946.[2] It is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic, head of the order, on the recommendation of the Minister of Defence.

Grades

[edit]

Recipients of the Ordine militare di Savoia were transferred retaining their existing accoutrements and seniority.

The insignia of a Military Knight of Italy

The various degrees of the order, which may be conferred posthumously, are as follows:

Monarchy Republic Class (English) Full title in Italian
1st Class / Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine militare d'Italia
2nd Class / Grand Officer Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine militare d'Italia
3rd Class / Commander Commendatore dell'Ordine militare d'Italia
4th Class / Officer Ufficiale dell'Ordine militare d'Italia
5th Class / Knight Cavaliere dell'Ordine militare d'Italia

The lowest of these may also be awarded for peacetime actions.

Insignia

[edit]
  • The badge is a golden matuna cross, enamelled in white, with a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves between the arms of the cross. Officers and Knights wear this badge on a ribbon on the left chest. Commanders and Grand Officers wear it on a necklet.
    • The obverse central disc during the monarchy was red enamel with a white enamel cross. The current version is in white enamel with the letters R.I. (for Repubblica Italiana). In both cases the disc is surrounded by a red enamel ring bearing the inscription Al Merito Militare.
    • The reverse central disc is in red enamel with crossed swords. During the monarchy it had the letters V.E. (for Vittorio Emanuele) on the sides of the sword and the year 1855 above it. The current version has no cypher but has the additional year 1947, the date of the promulgation of the Italian constitution, below the swords.
    • The badge for the three higher classes are suspended by a wreath of green-enamelled laurel and oak leaves; the Officer's badge is suspended by a golden trophy of arms instead and the Knight's badge has neither emblems.
  • The star is an eight-pointed faceted silver star with the badge (without suspension) at the centre. This is worn by Knights Grand Cross and Grand Officers only.
  • The ribbon is blue—red—blue in equal dimensions.
  • Knights Grand Cross wear a sash with the badge of the order suspended from it.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Founded by Letters Patent dated 14 August 1815, renewed by Royal Decree on 27 September 1855 and 28 March 1857
  2. ^ Under Legislative Decree of the Provisional Head of State No. 15 of 2 June 1947, renewed by Law No. 199 of 27 March 1952
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Military_Order_of_Italy&oldid=1253566335"