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Percale^[1] is a closely woven plain-weave fabric often used for bed covers. Percale has a thread count of about 180 or higher and is noticeably tighter than twill or sateen. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and washes very well. It is made from both carded and combed yarns, and may be woven of various fibers, such as cotton, polyester, or various blends.^[2]

History

Moris or mauris was the 18th-century French term used for percale, the cloth imported from India.^[3]^[4] It was a cotton cloth. Moris was the third most exported fabric from Coromandel Coast after Longcloth and Salampore. It was superior and finer quality than the peers. Coromandel coastline forms a part of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Moris was produced at Nellore, Arni, Maduranthakam, and Cuddalore. Palakollu.The cloth was famous as painted chintz in southeast countries also.^[5] ^[6]^[7]^[8]

Percale was formerly imported from India in the 17th and 18th centuries,^[9] then manufactured in France.^[10]

Etymology

The word may originate from the Persian: پرگاله : pargālah, meaning rag,^[11]^[12] although the Oxford English Dictionary (as of December 2005) has traced it only as far as 18th-century French. The dictionary of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans describes pexal and perxal as some kind of silk fabric in the year 1348 in Valencia.^[13] The etymological dictionary of Catalan explains perxal as derived from Perche in France.^[14]

References

^ How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500–1850, volume 4 of Global Economic History series, p. 440, Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, Om Prakash, published by Brill, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17653-9.
^ "Fabric Glossary". Dotmaison magazine.
^ Wellington, Donald C. (2006). French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade. Hamilton Books. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-7618-3475-5.
^ Wingate, Isabel Barnum (1979). Fairchild's dictionary of textiles. Internet Archive. New York : Fairchild Publications. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-87005-198-2.
^ Arasaratnam, Sinnappah; Arasaratnam, Professor and Head of Department of History Sinnappah; Arasaratnam, Maritime History Scholar and Professor of Indian History S. (1986). Merchants, Companies, and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650-1740. Oxford University Press. pp. 99, 52, 340. ISBN 978-0-19-561873-0.
^ Journal of Indian History. Department of Modern Indian History. 2007. p. 23.
^ Amrith, Sunil S. (7 October 2013). Crossing the Bay of Bengal. Harvard University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-674-72846-2.
^ How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850. BRILL. 31 July 2009. p. 289. ISBN 978-90-474-2997-5.
^ Jennifer Speake, ed. (1999). "percale, noun". The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English. Berkley Books. Retrieved 18 December 2007. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
^ "percale, n. and adj.", Draft Revision Dec. 2005, Oxford English Dictionary
^ "percale", The American Heritage Dictionaries, at answers.com
^ A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English dictionary, revised, enlarged, and entirely reconstructed, The World's Most Detailed and Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Francis Joseph Steingass, Asian Educational Services, 1992. ISBN 978-81-206-0670-8
^ Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona 1929.
^ Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana: O-Qu.- 1986, cop. 1985.- 977 p, page 464, Joan Corominas, Joseph Gulsoy, Max Cahner, Curial Edicions Catalanes, 1995. ISBN 978-84-7256-276-9

External links

Media related to Percale at Wikimedia Commons

[1] How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500–1850, volume 4 of Global Economic History series, p. 440, Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, Om Prakash, published by Brill, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17653-9.

[2] "Fabric Glossary". Dotmaison magazine.

[3] Wellington, Donald C. (2006). French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade. Hamilton Books. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-7618-3475-5.

[4] Wingate, Isabel Barnum (1979). Fairchild's dictionary of textiles. Internet Archive. New York : Fairchild Publications. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-87005-198-2.

[5] Arasaratnam, Sinnappah; Arasaratnam, Professor and Head of Department of History Sinnappah; Arasaratnam, Maritime History Scholar and Professor of Indian History S. (1986). Merchants, Companies, and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650-1740. Oxford University Press. pp. 99, 52, 340. ISBN 978-0-19-561873-0.

[6] Journal of Indian History. Department of Modern Indian History. 2007. p. 23.

[7] Amrith, Sunil S. (7 October 2013). Crossing the Bay of Bengal. Harvard University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-674-72846-2.

[8] How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850. BRILL. 31 July 2009. p. 289. ISBN 978-90-474-2997-5.

[9] Jennifer Speake, ed. (1999). "percale, noun". The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English. Berkley Books. Retrieved 18 December 2007. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

[10] "percale, n. and adj.", Draft Revision Dec. 2005, Oxford English Dictionary

[11] "percale", The American Heritage Dictionaries, at answers.com

[12] A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English dictionary, revised, enlarged, and entirely reconstructed, The World's Most Detailed and Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Francis Joseph Steingass, Asian Educational Services, 1992. ISBN 978-81-206-0670-8

[13] Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona 1929.

[14] Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana: O-Qu.- 1986, cop. 1985.- 977 p, page 464, Joan Corominas, Joseph Gulsoy, Max Cahner, Curial Edicions Catalanes, 1995. ISBN 978-84-7256-276-9

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 {{Short description|Closely woven plain-weave fabric}}
+{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
 [[File:Textile, 19th century (CH 18569189).jpg|thumb|"[[Chinoiserie]]" (19th century). Four designs framed by plant forms in raspberry on an off-white percale.]]
-'''Percale'''<ref>''How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500–1850'', volume 4 of Global Economic History series, p. 440, Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, Om Prakash, published by Brill, 2009, {{ISBN|978-90-04-17653-9}}.</ref> is a closely woven [[plain weave|plain-weave]] [[textiles|fabric]] often used for [[Bedding|bed covers]]. Percale has a [[thread count]] of about 200 or higher and is noticeably tighter than the standard type of weave used for bedsheets. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and warps and washes very well. It is made from both [[carding|carded]] and [[combing|combed]] [[yarn]]s, and may be woven of various fibers, such as [[cotton]], [[polyester]], or various blends.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080113152355/http://www.dotmaison.com/magazine/fabrics-glossary/ "Fabric Glossary"]. ''Dotmaison'' magazine.</ref>
+'''Percale'''<ref>''How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500–1850'', volume 4 of Global Economic History series, p. 440, Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, Om Prakash, published by Brill, 2009, {{ISBN|978-90-04-17653-9}}.</ref> is a closely woven [[plain weave|plain-weave]] [[textiles|fabric]] often used for [[Bedding|bed covers]]. Percale has a [[thread count]] of about 180 or higher and is noticeably tighter than [[twill]] or [[sateen]]. It has medium weight, is firm and smooth with no gloss, and washes very well. It is made from both [[carding|carded]] and [[combing|combed]] [[yarn]]s, and may be woven of various fibers, such as [[cotton]], [[polyester]], or various blends.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080113152355/http://www.dotmaison.com/magazine/fabrics-glossary/ "Fabric Glossary"]. ''Dotmaison'' magazine.</ref>
 == History ==
-''Moris'' or ''mauris'' was the 18th century French term used for percale, the cloth imported from India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wellington|first=Donald C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dkVAQAAMAAJ&q=Moris+fabric|title=French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade|date=2006|publisher=Hamilton Books|isbn=978-0-7618-3475-5|pages=223|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wingate|first=Isabel Barnum|url=https://archive.org/details/fairchildsdictio00wing|title=Fairchild's dictionary of textiles|date=1979|publisher=New York : Fairchild Publications|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87005-198-2|pages=378}}</ref> It was  a [[cotton]] cloth. Moris was the third most exported fabric from [[Coromandel Coast]] after [[Longcloth]] and [[Salampore]]. It was superior and finer quality than the peers. Coromandel coastline forms a part of [[Coastline of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] and [[Coastline of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]. Moris was produced at [[Nellore]], [[Arani, Tiruvannamalai|Arni]], [[Maduranthakam]], and [[Cuddalore]]. [[Palakollu]].The cloth was famous as painted chintz in southeast countries also.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Arasaratnam|first1=Sinnappah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbiGAAAAIAAJ&q=Moris+cloth+woven|title=Merchants, Companies, and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650-1740|last2=Arasaratnam|first2=Professor and Head of Department of History Sinnappah|last3=Arasaratnam|first3=Maritime History Scholar and Professor of Indian History S.|date=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-561873-0|pages=99, 52, 340|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXUPAQAAMAAJ&q=moris+coromandel|title=Journal of Indian History|date=2007|publisher=Department of Modern Indian History|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amrith|first=Sunil S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eWwAAAAQBAJ&dq=moris+coromandel&pg=PA53|title=Crossing the Bay of Bengal|date=2013-10-07|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-72846-2|pages=53|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niuwCQAAQBAJ&dq=moris+cloth+india&pg=PA289|title=How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850|date=2009-07-31|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-2997-5|pages=289|language=en}}</ref>
+''Moris'' or ''mauris'' was the 18th-century French term used for percale, the cloth imported from India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wellington|first=Donald C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dkVAQAAMAAJ&q=Moris+fabric|title=French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade|date=2006|publisher=Hamilton Books|isbn=978-0-7618-3475-5|pages=223|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wingate|first=Isabel Barnum|url=https://archive.org/details/fairchildsdictio00wing|title=Fairchild's dictionary of textiles|date=1979|publisher=New York : Fairchild Publications|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-87005-198-2|pages=378}}</ref> It was a [[cotton]] cloth. Moris was the third most exported fabric from [[Coromandel Coast]] after [[Longcloth]] and [[Salampore]]. It was superior and finer quality than the peers. Coromandel coastline forms a part of [[Coastline of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] and [[Coastline of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]. Moris was produced at [[Nellore]], [[Arani, Tiruvannamalai|Arni]], [[Maduranthakam]], and [[Cuddalore]]. [[Palakollu]].The cloth was famous as painted chintz in southeast countries also.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Arasaratnam|first1=Sinnappah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbiGAAAAIAAJ&q=Moris+cloth+woven|title=Merchants, Companies, and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650-1740|last2=Arasaratnam|first2=Professor and Head of Department of History Sinnappah|last3=Arasaratnam|first3=Maritime History Scholar and Professor of Indian History S.|date=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-561873-0|pages=99, 52, 340|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXUPAQAAMAAJ&q=moris+coromandel|title=Journal of Indian History|date=2007|publisher=Department of Modern Indian History|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amrith|first=Sunil S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eWwAAAAQBAJ&dq=moris+coromandel&pg=PA53|title=Crossing the Bay of Bengal|date=2013-10-07|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-72846-2|pages=53|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niuwCQAAQBAJ&dq=moris+cloth+india&pg=PA289|title=How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850|date=2009-07-31|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-2997-5|pages=289|language=en}}</ref>
 Percale was formerly imported from India in the 17th and 18th centuries,<ref>{{cite book | editor=Jennifer Speake | editor-link=Jennifer Speake | chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t33.e5225 | chapter=percale, noun | title=The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English | publisher=Berkley Books | year=1999 |website=Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press | access-date=18 December 2007}}</ref> then manufactured in France.<ref>"percale, ''n. and adj.''", Draft Revision Dec. 2005, Oxford English Dictionary</ref>
 ==Etymology==
-The word may originate from the Persian ''pargālah'', meaning ''rag'',<ref>"percale", ''The American Heritage Dictionaries'', at [http://www.answers.com/percale&r=67 answers.com]</ref><ref>A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English dictionary, revised, enlarged, and entirely reconstructed, The World's Most Detailed and Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Francis Joseph Steingass, Asian Educational Services, 1992. {{ISBN|978-81-206-0670-8}}</ref> although the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (as of December 2005) has traced it only as far as 18th-century French. The dictionary of the [[Institut d'Estudis Catalans]] describes {{lang|mis|pexal}} and {{lang|mis|perxal}} as ''some kind of silk fabric in the year 1348 in [[Valencia]]''.<ref>Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, [[Institut d'Estudis Catalans]], Barcelona 1929.</ref> The etymological dictionary of Catalan explains {{lang|mis|perxal}} as ''derived from [[Perche]] in France''.<ref>Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana: O-Qu.- 1986, cop. 1985.- 977 p, page 464, Joan Corominas, Joseph Gulsoy, Max Cahner, Curial Edicions Catalanes, 1995. {{ISBN|978-84-7256-276-9}}</ref>
+The word may originate from the {{langx|fa|پرگاله}} : ''pargālah'', meaning ''rag'',<ref>"percale", ''The American Heritage Dictionaries'', at [http://www.answers.com/percale&r=67 answers.com]</ref><ref>A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary: including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, being, Johnson and Richardson's Persian, Arabic, and English dictionary, revised, enlarged, and entirely reconstructed, The World's Most Detailed and Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Francis Joseph Steingass, Asian Educational Services, 1992. {{ISBN|978-81-206-0670-8}}</ref> although the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (as of December 2005) has traced it only as far as 18th-century French. The dictionary of the [[Institut d'Estudis Catalans]] describes {{lang|mis|pexal}} and {{lang|mis|perxal}} as ''some kind of silk fabric in the year 1348 in [[Valencia]]''.<ref>Diccionari Aguiló: materials lexicogràfics / aplegats per Marià Aguiló i Fuster; revisats i publicats sota la cura de Pompeu Fabra i Manuel de Montoliu, page 134, [[Institut d'Estudis Catalans]], Barcelona 1929.</ref> The etymological dictionary of Catalan explains {{lang|mis|perxal}} as ''derived from [[Perche]] in France''.<ref>Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana: O-Qu.- 1986, cop. 1985.- 977 p, page 464, Joan Corominas, Joseph Gulsoy, Max Cahner, Curial Edicions Catalanes, 1995. {{ISBN|978-84-7256-276-9}}</ref>
-In the year 1322 in [[Dalmatia]], which had trade connections also as the [[Republic of Venice]], [[House of Keglević|Peter de genere Percal]] was mentioned. This word ''Percal'', which occurred the first time in a Supreme Court verdict on Latin in 1322 in Dalmatia, derived from the Hebrew word פרקליט ({{transl|he|prklyt}}), which derived from the [[Ancient Greek]] word παράκλητος ({{transl|grc|parákletos}}), which means ''lawyer''.<ref>{{Wiktionary-inline|פרקליט}}</ref> The relationship between bedding and law in ancient Persia can be guessed, because according to [[Phanias of Eresus]], [[Artaxerxes I of Persia]] had given to [[Themistocles]] the city of [[Percote]] with [[bedding]] for his house.<ref>[http://plutarch.classicauthors.net/PlutarchsLives/PlutarchsLives3.html Themistocles, Part II] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001032753/http://plutarch.classicauthors.net/PlutarchsLives/PlutarchsLives3.html |date=2015-10-01 }}, by [[Plutarch]]</ref>
-Taking into account the different spellings of this "generatio Percal" due to the variations ''Parkly'' and ''Perkly'' in Dalmatia, the name of a farm near [[Linlithgow Palace]] in [[Scotland]], which had been built in the 14th century by a first cousin of the grandmother of this Peter de genere Percal, was mentioned in 1431 also as ''Parkly''. This farm was also mentioned as ''Parkle'' (1431), ''Perkley'' (1432), ''Parcle'' (1438), ''Perkle'' (1439), ''Parklye'' (1440), ''Parklee'' (1489), ''Perklee'' (1490/91), ''Parklie'' (1528), ''Pairklie'' (1638), ''Pairkly'' (1647) and ''Parkly'' (1648) since then and it is mentioned as ''Parkley'' since 1671.<ref>Monumenta spectantia historiam slavorum meridionalium, Volume 42, page XIX, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slavorum Meridionalium, 1917.</ref><ref>The place-names of West Lothian, page 63, Angus Macdonald, Oliver and Boyd, 1941.</ref><ref>[http://www.parkleyfarmholidaycottages.co.uk/ Parkley farm]</ref>
 ==See also==
-* [[Sateen]]
 * [[Silk]]