RRG Prüfling: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|German single-seat glider, 1926}} |
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{|{{Infobox |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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| name=Prüfling |
| name=Prüfling |
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| image= |
| image=Prüfling.png |
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| caption= |
| caption= |
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}}{{Infobox |
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
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| type= [[training aircraft|Secondary training]] [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] |
| type= [[training aircraft|Secondary training]] [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] |
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| national origin= |
| national origin=Germany |
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| manufacturer=Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft ( |
| manufacturer=[[Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft]] (RRG) |
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| designer=[[Alexander Lippisch]] and [[Fritz Stamer]] |
| designer=[[Alexander Lippisch]] and [[Fritz Stamer]] |
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| first flight=1926 |
| first flight=1926 |
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The '''RRG Prüfling''' ({{ |
The 1926 German '''RRG Prüfling''' ({{langx|en|Examinee}}) of 1926 was a [[training aircraft|secondary training]] [[glider (sailplane)|glider]] designed for club use. Plans were sold and it was built in Germany and across the world. |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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Secondary gliders were meant to be used by student pilots after an introduction to flight |
Secondary gliders were meant to be used by student pilots after an introduction to flight on very simple [[primary glider]]s. Both types needed to be cheap to build, given the difficult financial position of many Germans after [[World War I]] and also simple enough that skilled amateur builders, both within and without gliding clubs, could successfully construct them from plans. The primary/secondary glider concept took shape shortly after the absorption of the Martens gliding school on the [[Wasserkuppe]] into [[Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft]] (RRG) at the end of 1925. Martens chief instructor Fritz Stamer and [[Alexander Lippisch]] were brought together to produce two such gliders and within a few days the [[Zögling]] ({{langx|en|Pupil}}) and the Prufling designs were complete. Some parts, for example the wings and to a lesser extent the horizontal tails, of the two aircraft were similar.<ref name=SimonsI/> |
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Both had almost rectangular, two |
Both had almost rectangular, two-[[spar (aviation)|spar]], wooden structured, two piece wings with [[aircraft fabric covering|fabric covering]] everywhere except the [[leading edge]]s, which were [[plywood]] covered. The Prüfling's [[wing tip]]s were more rounded and its span {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on|1}} greater. They both had simple [[ailerons]] reaching to the tips, where they were cropped, though the Prüfling's were a little longer. Both had triangular [[tailplane]]s, carrying [[elevator (aircraft)|elevator]]s that were rectangular apart for a cut-out for rudder movement, though the Prüfling's tailplane was more strongly swept and was broader in [[chord (aircraft)|chord]].<ref name=SimonsI/> |
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The major |
The major differences between the two were in the [[fuselage]]s. The Zögling had a very simple open frame girder fuselage, the Prüfling a more conventional hexagonal cross section, wood-framed structure, ply covered forward from under the wing and fabric covered aft. The wing was supported over the fuselage with a pair of parallel [[lift strut]]s on each side, bracing it at almost mid-span at the spars to the lower fuselage [[longerons]]. The open [[cockpit]] was below the wing centre section which was supported by two pairs of [[cabane strut]]s to the upper fuselage longerons. The forward pair, placed just in front of the cockpit were single, upright struts but the rear ones, just behind, were each an inverted V-pair. At the centre there was a noticeable gap between the wings, bridged by a short chord wooden link. The horizontal tail was positioned on the upper longerons. with a triangular [[fin]] carrying an upright, straight edged [[balanced rudder]] which was slightly angled below the heel and extended down to the keel. The Prüfling landed on a rubber sprung skid below the whole forward, ply skinned fuselage, assisted by a very small tailskid.<ref name=SimonsI/> |
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| ⚫ | It first flew in 1926 and was soon in use with the RRG related [[Rhön]] and [[Rossitten]] gliding clubs. Plans were sold and many were built inside and outside Germany.<ref name=SimonsI/> As examples, one was flying with the [[Lancashire Aero Club]]<ref name=Flight31/> and another with the [[London Gliding Club]]<ref name=Flight31a/> in the early 1930s. Despite such success, the Prüfling was something of a disappointment as a secondary training aircraft, for its performance was not much better than typical primaries. Its handling was also not good, with a lack of inherent stability. Lippisch returned to the design of secondary gliders four years later, after exploring tailless types, resulting in the [[RRG Falke]].<ref name=SimonsI/> |
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[[File:Prüfling cockpit.png|thumb]] |
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A Prüfling was the first glider used by the [[United States Navy]]. A single German-made aircraft was purchased from a U.S. civil glider school, assigned serial number ''A8546'', and used for [[airship]] launch tests; the first such launch was made from [[USS Los Angeles (ZR-3)|USS ''Los Angeles'' (ZR-3)]] on 31 January 1930. The Prüfling was never assigned a formal U.S. military aircraft designation.<ref name=Swan/> |
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==Operators== |
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;{{USA}} |
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* [[United States Navy]] |
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| ⚫ | It first flew in 1926 and was soon in use with the RRG related [[Rhön]] and [[Rossitten]] gliding clubs. Plans were sold and many were built inside and outside Germany.<ref name=SimonsI/> As examples, one was flying with the [[Lancashire |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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[[File:Lancashire Prüfling.jpg|thumb]] |
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{{Aircraft specs |
{{Aircraft specs |
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|ref=Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2006)<ref name=SimonsI/> |
|ref=Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2006)<ref name=SimonsI/> |
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|never exceed speed kts= |
|never exceed speed kts= |
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|never exceed speed note= |
|never exceed speed note= |
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|minimum control speed kmh= |
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|ceiling m= |
|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft= |
|ceiling ft= |
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<!--==Notes==--> |
<!--==Notes==--> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=SimonsI>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3 |
<ref name=SimonsI>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3-9806773-4-6|pages=38, 40–44, 57}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Flight31>{{cite |
<ref name=Flight31>{{cite magazine |date=13 March 1930 |title=The Lancashire Aero Club |magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]] |volume=XXII |issue=14 |page=365 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200389.html |access-date=1 February 2014 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306152609/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200389.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Flight31a>{{cite |
<ref name=Flight31a>{{cite magazine |date=9 October 1931 |title=The Week-end on the Downs |magazine=[[Flight International|Flight]] |volume=XXIII |issue=41 |page=226 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%201091.html |access-date=1 February 2014 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307153756/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%201091.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Swan>{{cite book |last1=Swanborough |first1=Gordon |last2=Bowers |first2=Peter M. |date=1976 |title=United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 |edition=2nd |location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=0-87021-968-5|page=499}}</ref> |
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}} |
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<!-- ==External links== --> |
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{{Lippisch aircraft}} |
{{Lippisch aircraft}} |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:RRG Prufling}} |
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[[ |
[[Category:1920s German sailplanes]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926]] |
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[[Category:Glider aircraft]] |
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[[Category:High-wing aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Military gliders]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:50, 26 October 2024
| Prüfling | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Secondary training glider |
| National origin | Germany |
| Manufacturer | Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft (RRG) |
| Designer | Alexander Lippisch and Fritz Stamer |
| First flight | 1926 |
The 1926 German RRG Prüfling (English: Examinee) of 1926 was a secondary training glider designed for club use. Plans were sold and it was built in Germany and across the world.
Design and development
[edit]Secondary gliders were meant to be used by student pilots after an introduction to flight on very simple primary gliders. Both types needed to be cheap to build, given the difficult financial position of many Germans after World War I and also simple enough that skilled amateur builders, both within and without gliding clubs, could successfully construct them from plans. The primary/secondary glider concept took shape shortly after the absorption of the Martens gliding school on the Wasserkuppe into Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft (RRG) at the end of 1925. Martens chief instructor Fritz Stamer and Alexander Lippisch were brought together to produce two such gliders and within a few days the Zögling (English: Pupil) and the Prufling designs were complete. Some parts, for example the wings and to a lesser extent the horizontal tails, of the two aircraft were similar.[1]
Both had almost rectangular, two-spar, wooden structured, two piece wings with fabric covering everywhere except the leading edges, which were plywood covered. The Prüfling's wing tips were more rounded and its span 500 mm (19.7 in) greater. They both had simple ailerons reaching to the tips, where they were cropped, though the Prüfling's were a little longer. Both had triangular tailplanes, carrying elevators that were rectangular apart for a cut-out for rudder movement, though the Prüfling's tailplane was more strongly swept and was broader in chord.[1]
The major differences between the two were in the fuselages. The Zögling had a very simple open frame girder fuselage, the Prüfling a more conventional hexagonal cross section, wood-framed structure, ply covered forward from under the wing and fabric covered aft. The wing was supported over the fuselage with a pair of parallel lift struts on each side, bracing it at almost mid-span at the spars to the lower fuselage longerons. The open cockpit was below the wing centre section which was supported by two pairs of cabane struts to the upper fuselage longerons. The forward pair, placed just in front of the cockpit were single, upright struts but the rear ones, just behind, were each an inverted V-pair. At the centre there was a noticeable gap between the wings, bridged by a short chord wooden link. The horizontal tail was positioned on the upper longerons. with a triangular fin carrying an upright, straight edged balanced rudder which was slightly angled below the heel and extended down to the keel. The Prüfling landed on a rubber sprung skid below the whole forward, ply skinned fuselage, assisted by a very small tailskid.[1]
It first flew in 1926 and was soon in use with the RRG related Rhön and Rossitten gliding clubs. Plans were sold and many were built inside and outside Germany.[1] As examples, one was flying with the Lancashire Aero Club[2] and another with the London Gliding Club[3] in the early 1930s. Despite such success, the Prüfling was something of a disappointment as a secondary training aircraft, for its performance was not much better than typical primaries. Its handling was also not good, with a lack of inherent stability. Lippisch returned to the design of secondary gliders four years later, after exploring tailless types, resulting in the RRG Falke.[1]
A Prüfling was the first glider used by the United States Navy. A single German-made aircraft was purchased from a U.S. civil glider school, assigned serial number A8546, and used for airship launch tests; the first such launch was made from USS Los Angeles (ZR-3) on 31 January 1930. The Prüfling was never assigned a formal U.S. military aircraft designation.[4]
Operators
[edit]
Specifications
[edit]
Data from Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2006)[1]
General characteristics
- Capacity: One
- Length: 5.484 m (18 ft 0 in)
- Wingspan: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 15.24 m2 (164.0 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 7.23
- Empty weight: 105 kg (231 lb)
- Gross weight: 195 kg (430 lb)
Performance
- Wing loading: 12.8 kg/m2 (2.6 lb/sq ft)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Simons, Martin (2006). Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2nd revised ed.). Königswinter: EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH. pp. 38, 40–44, 57. ISBN 3-9806773-4-6.
- ^ "The Lancashire Aero Club". Flight. Vol. XXII, no. 14. 13 March 1930. p. 365. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ "The Week-end on the Downs". Flight. Vol. XXIII, no. 41. 9 October 1931. p. 226. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
- ^ Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 (2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 499. ISBN 0-87021-968-5.