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{{no footnotes|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Christian, Duke of Brieg.PNG|250px|right|thumbnail|'''Christian, Duke of Brieg.''']]
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
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'''Christian of Brieg''' also known as '''of Legnica''' ({{lang-pl|'''Chrystian Brzeski''' or '''Legnicki'''}}; [[Oława]], 9 April 1618 – [[Oława]], 28 February 1672) was a [[Dukes of Silesia|Duke]] of [[Duchy of Legnica|Legnica]] (during 1653-1654 and 1663-1664 with his brothers), [[Duchy of Brzeg|Brzeg]] (during 1639-1654 with his brothers), [[Wołów]] (during 1653-1654 with his brothers, then alone) and [[Oława]] (during 1639-1654 with his brothers, then alone). Since 1664, he was the sole ruler as Duke of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów-Oława.
{{infobox noble
| name = Christian
| title = Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Oława
| image = Christian, Duke of Brieg.PNG
| caption = Christian, Duke of Brieg.
| noble family = [[Silesian Piasts]]
| father = [[John Christian of Brieg]]
| mother = Dorothea Sybille of Brandenburg
| spouse = [[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau]]
| issue = [[Karolina of Legnica-Brieg|Karolina]]<br>[[George William, Duke of Liegnitz]]
| birth_date = 19 April 1618
| birth_place = [[Oława]], [[Silesia]]
| death_date = 28 February 1672
| death_place = [[Oława]]
| burial_place = Church of St. John in Legnica
}}
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'''Christian of Brieg-Legnica''' ({{langx|de|Christian von Liegnitz-Brieg}}, {{langx|pl|Chrystian Brzeski-Legnicki}}, {{langx|cs|Kristián Břežsko-Lehnický}}; 19 April 1618 in [[Oława]] – 28 February 1672 in Oława) was a [[Dukes of Silesia|Duke]] of [[Duchy of Legnica|Liegnitz/Legnica]] (during 1653–1654 and 1663–1664 with his brothers), [[Duchy of Brzeg|Brieg/Brzeg]] (during 1639–1654 with his brothers), [[Wołów|Wohlau/Wołów]] (during 1653–1654 with his brothers, then alone) and [[Oława]] (during 1639–1654 with his brothers, then alone). Since 1664, he was the sole ruler as Duke of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów-Oława. He is descended from the Legnica branch of the [[Silesian Piasts]] dynasty.


He was the seventh but third surviving son of [[John Christian of Brieg|John Christian]], Duke of [[Brzeg]]-[[Legnica]]-[[Wołów]]-[[Oława]], by his first wife Dorothea Sybille, daughter of [[John George, Elector of Brandenburg]].
He was the seventh but third surviving son of [[John Christian of Brieg|John Christian]], Duke of [[Brzeg|Brieg/Brzeg]]-[[Legnica|Liegnitz/Legnica]]-[[Wołów|Wohlau/Wołów]]-[[Oława|Ohlau/Oława]], by his first wife Dorothea Sybille, daughter of [[John George, Elector of Brandenburg]].


==Life==
==Life==
Line 9: Line 26:
In 1639 Duke John Christian died and his sons inherited their lands. Christian became in Duke of Brzeg and Oława with their brothers George III and Louis IV; however, the full government of the Duchy was taken by the eldest brother George III.
In 1639 Duke John Christian died and his sons inherited their lands. Christian became in Duke of Brzeg and Oława with their brothers George III and Louis IV; however, the full government of the Duchy was taken by the eldest brother George III.


After finishing the school Christian returned to Silesia, still under the hands of the Swedish army. In 1642 he survived the 4-week siege of Brzeg by the Swedish. In December 1645 was captured and imprisoned by the Swedish. Fortunately, Christian managed to escape and notify the Brzeg townspeople who have who were their true master. However, the conditions of his short confinement left him in a poor health. Apart from the incident with the Swedish, he was shot in the foot while hunting.
After finishing the school Christian returned to Silesia, still under the hands of the Swedish army. In 1642 he survived the 4-week siege of Brieg/Brzeg by the Swedish. In December 1645 was captured and imprisoned by the Swedish. Fortunately, Christian managed to escape and notify the Brieg/Brzeg townspeople who have who were their true master. However, the conditions of his short confinement left him in a poor health. Apart from the incident with the Swedish, he was shot in the foot while hunting.


The death of his uncle George Rudolf in 1653 increased the domains of the brothers, added to their lands Legnica and Wołów. One year later (1654), was made the formal division of their domains: George III retain [[Brzeg]] and Louis IV obtain [[Legnica]]. To Christian, were assigned the two poor and small towns of [[Wołów]] and [[Oława]].
The death of his uncle George Rudolf in 1653 increased the domains of the brothers, added to their lands Legnica and Wołów. One year later (1654), was made the formal division of their domains: George III retain [[Brzeg|Brieg/Brzeg]] and Louis IV obtain [[Legnica|Liegnitz/Legnica]]. To Christian, were assigned the two poor and small towns of [[Wołów|Wohlau/Wołów]] and [[Oława|Ohlau/Oława]].


In 1663 Louis IV died without surviving issue, and Legnica was inherited by Christian and George III as co-rulers; however, George III died a few months later (1664) without male heirs and Christian could inherited all the lands of the family for the first time since 1547.
In 1663 Louis IV died without surviving issue, and Liegnitz/Legnica was inherited by Christian and George III as co-rulers; however, George III died a few months later (1664) without male heirs and Christian could inherit all the lands of the family for the first time since 1547.


In 1668 Christian presented his candidacy to the Polish throne. However, despite the support for the Polish nobility, he wasn't chose as King.
In 1668 Christian presented his candidacy to the Polish throne. However, despite the support for the Polish nobility, he wasn't chosen as King.


Christian died on 28 February 1672, due to a disease called "Swelling water" ({{lang-pl|[[:pl:Puchlina wodna (medycyna)|Puchlina wodna]]}}). His funeral was held on 31 March 1672 in [[Legnica]], in the Church of St.John, in a gold-plated coffin, thanks to the contribution of gold coins from his subjects.
Christian died on 28 February 1672, due to a disease called "Swelling water" ({{langx|pl|[[:pl:Puchlina wodna (medycyna)|Puchlina wodna]]}}). His funeral was held on 31 March 1672 in [[Legnica|Liegnitz/Legnica]], in the Church of St.John, in a gold-plated coffin, thanks to the contribution of gold coins from his subjects.


==Marriage and issue==
==Marriage and issue==
In [[Dessau]] on 24 November 1648, Christian married with [[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]] (b. Dessau, 10 February 1631 - d. Oława, 25 April 1680), daughter of [[John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]]. They had four children:
In [[Dessau]] on 24 November 1648, Christian married with [[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]] (b. Dessau, 10 February 1631 – d. Oława, 25 April 1680), daughter of [[John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]]. They had four children:
#[[Karolina of Legnica-Brieg|Karolina]] (b. Brzeg, 2 December 1652 - d. Wrocław, 24 December 1707), married on 4 July 1672 to Duke Frederick of [[Schleswig]]-[[Holstein]]-[[Sonderburg]]-[[Wiesenburg]].
#[[Karolina of Legnica-Brieg|Karolina]] (b. Brzeg, 2 December 1652 – d. Wrocław, 24 December 1707), married on 4 July 1672 to [[Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg]].
#Louise (b. Oława, 28 July 1657 - d. Oława, 6 February 1660).
#Louise (b. Oława, 28 July 1657 – d. Oława, 6 February 1660).
#[[George William, Duke of Liegnitz|George William]] (b. Oława, 29 September 1660 - d. Brzeg, 21 November 1675).
#[[George William, Duke of Liegnitz|George William]] (b. Oława, 29 September 1660 – d. Brzeg, 21 November 1675).
#Christian Louis (b. 15 January 1664 - d. 27 February 1664).
#Christian Louis (b. 15 January 1664 – d. 27 February 1664).


In his will, Christian left [[Oława]] and [[Wołów]] to his wife as ''Oprawa wdowia'' until her own death.
In his will, Christian left [[Oława]] and [[Wołów]] to his wife as [[dower]] to rule until her own death.


==References==
==References==
* Prince W.K. von Isenburg & D. Schwennicke (1984). ''[[Europäische Stammtafeln]]'' (Vol III, Part I - Table 11), Marburg.
* Prince W.K. von Isenburg & D. Schwennicke (1984). ''[[Europäische Stammtafeln]]'' (Vol III, Part I – Table 11), Marburg.
*[http://wwperson.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/l3/LANG=engl/F=Christian/N=v.Schlesien-Wohlau Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://archive.today/20121217223013/http://wwperson.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/l3/LANG=engl/F=Christian/N=v.Schlesien-Wohlau Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan]
*{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast6.html#G3 |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}
*{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast6.html#G3 |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source needed|date=August 2012}}
*{{MLCC |warning=1 |url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SILESIA.htm#GeorgIIIdied1664 |title-date= |title= SILESIA|date=August 2012}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Piast]]|9 April|1618|28 February|1672}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Piast]]|9 April|1618|28 February|1672}}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[John Christian of Brieg|John Christian]]}}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[John Christian of Brieg|John Christian]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Brzeg]]<br/>''with George III<br/> and Louis IV''|years=1633–1654}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Brzeg]]|regent1=George III|regent2=Louis IV|years=1633–1654}}
{{s-aft | after=[[George III of Brieg|George III]]}}
{{s-aft | after=[[George III of Brieg|George III]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Oława]]<br/> ''with George III<br/> and Louis IV<br/> (until 1654)''|years=1633–1672}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Oława]]|regent1=George III|regent2=Louis IV|years=1633–1672}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]]}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[George Rudolf of Legnica|George Rudolf]]}}
{{s-bef | rows=2 | before=[[George Rudolf of Legnica|George Rudolf]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Legnica]]<br/>''with George III<br/> and Louis IV''|years=1653–1654}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Legnica]]|regent1=George III|regent2=Louis IV|years=1653–1654}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louis IV of Legnica|Louis IV]]}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louis IV of Legnica|Louis IV]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Wołów]]<br/> ''with George III<br/> and Louis IV<br/> (until 1654)''|years=1653–1672}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Wołów]]|regent1=George III|regent2=Louis IV|years=1653–1672|years1=1653|years2=1653}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]]}}
{{s-aft |after=[[Louise of Anhalt-Dessau|Louise]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef | before=[[Louis IV of Legnica|Louis IV]]}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Louis IV of Legnica|Louis IV]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Legnica]]<br/>''with George III<br/> (until 1664)''|years=1663–1672}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Legnica]]|regent1=George III|years=1663–1672|years1=1663–1664}}
{{s-aft | rows=2 |after=[[George William, Duke of Liegnitz|George William]]}}
{{s-aft | rows=2 |after=[[George William, Duke of Liegnitz|George William]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef | before=[[George III of Brieg|George III]]}}
{{s-bef | before=[[George III of Brieg|George III]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Brzeg]]|years=1664–1672}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Duchy of Silesia|Duke of Brzeg]]|years=1664–1672}}
{{end}}
{{s-end}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Dukes of Brzeg]]
[[Category:Dukes of Brzeg]]
[[Category:Dukes of Legnica]]
[[Category:Dukes of Legnica]]
[[Category:People from Silesia]]
[[Category:Silesian nobility]]
[[Category:Dukes of the Holy Roman Empire]]

Latest revision as of 21:59, 26 October 2024

Christian
Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Oława
Christian, Duke of Brieg.
Born19 April 1618
Oława, Silesia
Died28 February 1672
Oława
BuriedChurch of St. John in Legnica
Noble familySilesian Piasts
Spouse(s)Louise of Anhalt-Dessau
IssueKarolina
George William, Duke of Liegnitz
FatherJohn Christian of Brieg
MotherDorothea Sybille of Brandenburg

Christian of Brieg-Legnica (German: Christian von Liegnitz-Brieg, Polish: Chrystian Brzeski-Legnicki, Czech: Kristián Břežsko-Lehnický; 19 April 1618 in Oława – 28 February 1672 in Oława) was a Duke of Liegnitz/Legnica (during 1653–1654 and 1663–1664 with his brothers), Brieg/Brzeg (during 1639–1654 with his brothers), Wohlau/Wołów (during 1653–1654 with his brothers, then alone) and Oława (during 1639–1654 with his brothers, then alone). Since 1664, he was the sole ruler as Duke of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów-Oława. He is descended from the Legnica branch of the Silesian Piasts dynasty.

He was the seventh but third surviving son of John Christian, Duke of Brieg/Brzeg-Liegnitz/Legnica-Wohlau/Wołów-Ohlau/Oława, by his first wife Dorothea Sybille, daughter of John George, Elector of Brandenburg.

Life

[edit]

In his early years, along with his older brothers, Christian made his Grand Tour to Europe, during which he visited the courts of Kings Louis XIII of France and Charles I of England. Upon his return to Silesia, his country was in the middle of the Thirty Years' War. In 1635 the Duke John Christian was sent to Lithuania; at that time, Christian studied in a Calvinist school. During this time, he was allowed to know, among others, King John Casimir of Poland, whose wife Louisa Maria was the godmother of Christian's short-lived second daughter. Also met his first cousin, Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł, whose mother was the sister of Christian's mother. He also knew another future Polish monarch, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki. Through teachings at the school in, Christian could learn and mastered the Polish language.

In 1639 Duke John Christian died and his sons inherited their lands. Christian became in Duke of Brzeg and Oława with their brothers George III and Louis IV; however, the full government of the Duchy was taken by the eldest brother George III.

After finishing the school Christian returned to Silesia, still under the hands of the Swedish army. In 1642 he survived the 4-week siege of Brieg/Brzeg by the Swedish. In December 1645 was captured and imprisoned by the Swedish. Fortunately, Christian managed to escape and notify the Brieg/Brzeg townspeople who have who were their true master. However, the conditions of his short confinement left him in a poor health. Apart from the incident with the Swedish, he was shot in the foot while hunting.

The death of his uncle George Rudolf in 1653 increased the domains of the brothers, added to their lands Legnica and Wołów. One year later (1654), was made the formal division of their domains: George III retain Brieg/Brzeg and Louis IV obtain Liegnitz/Legnica. To Christian, were assigned the two poor and small towns of Wohlau/Wołów and Ohlau/Oława.

In 1663 Louis IV died without surviving issue, and Liegnitz/Legnica was inherited by Christian and George III as co-rulers; however, George III died a few months later (1664) without male heirs and Christian could inherit all the lands of the family for the first time since 1547.

In 1668 Christian presented his candidacy to the Polish throne. However, despite the support for the Polish nobility, he wasn't chosen as King.

Christian died on 28 February 1672, due to a disease called "Swelling water" (Polish: Puchlina wodna). His funeral was held on 31 March 1672 in Liegnitz/Legnica, in the Church of St.John, in a gold-plated coffin, thanks to the contribution of gold coins from his subjects.

Marriage and issue

[edit]

In Dessau on 24 November 1648, Christian married with Louise (b. Dessau, 10 February 1631 – d. Oława, 25 April 1680), daughter of John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau. They had four children:

  1. Karolina (b. Brzeg, 2 December 1652 – d. Wrocław, 24 December 1707), married on 4 July 1672 to Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg.
  2. Louise (b. Oława, 28 July 1657 – d. Oława, 6 February 1660).
  3. George William (b. Oława, 29 September 1660 – d. Brzeg, 21 November 1675).
  4. Christian Louis (b. 15 January 1664 – d. 27 February 1664).

In his will, Christian left Oława and Wołów to his wife as dower to rule until her own death.

References

[edit]
  • Prince W.K. von Isenburg & D. Schwennicke (1984). Europäische Stammtafeln (Vol III, Part I – Table 11), Marburg.
  • Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
  • Marek, Miroslav. "Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source][better source needed]
Christian, Duke of Brieg
Born: 9 April 1618 Died: 28 February 1672
Preceded by Duke of Brzeg
1633–1654
with George III
Louis IV 		Succeeded by
Duke of Oława
1633–1672
with George III
Louis IV 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Legnica
1653–1654
with George III
Louis IV 		Succeeded by
Duke of Wołów
1653–1672
with George III (1653)
Louis IV (1653) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Legnica
1663–1672
with George III (1663–1664) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Brzeg
1664–1672
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