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:{{About|the 9th-century Byzantine admiral}}
{{About|the 9th-century Byzantine admiral}}
'''Nasar''' ({{lang-el|Νάσαρ}}), originally baptized '''Basil''' ({{lang-el|Βασίλειος}}),<ref name="Winkelmann335">{{harvnb|Winkelmann|Lilie|Ludwig|Pratsch|2000|p=335}}.</ref><ref name="ODB">{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991|p=1439}}.</ref> was a distinguished [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] military leader in the [[Byzantine–Arab Wars|Byzantine–Arab conflicts]] of the latter half of the 9th century.
'''Nasar''' ({{langx|el|Νάσαρ}}), originally baptized '''Basil''' ({{langx|el|Βασίλειος}}),{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}}<ref name="ODB">{{harvnb|Kazhdan|1991|p=1439}}.</ref> was a distinguished [[Byzantine]] military leader in the [[Byzantine–Arab Wars|Byzantine–Arab conflicts]] of the latter half of the 9th century.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Not much is known about Nasar's family. His father Christopher held the supreme court position of ''[[magistros]]'', and he had a brother named Barsanes. On account of his name, the historian [[Michele Amari]] speculated that he was of Syrian, perhaps [[Mardaite]], origin.{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}}
⚫
Little is known about Nasar's family. His father Christopher held the high court rank of ''[[magistros]]'', and he had a brother named Barsanes.<ref name="Winkelmann335"/> Under Emperor [[Michael III]] (r. 842–867), he was appointed ''[[strategos|stratēgos]]'' of the [[Bucellarian Theme]], one of the largest and most important of the Byzantine Empire's ''[[themata]]''. In this capacity, together with the patrician [[Petronas the Patrician|Petronas]], he participated in the [[Battle of Lalakaon]] in 863, where the [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantines]] inflicted a crushing defeat on Umar, the emir of [[Melitene]].<ref name="Winkelmann335"/> On their return to [[Constantinople]], the two generals celebrated a [[Roman triumph|triumph]] in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|Hippodrome]].<ref>{{harvnb|Winkelmann|Lilie|Ludwig|Pratsch|2000|p=336}}.</ref>


⚫
Under Emperor [[Michael III]] (r. 842–867), he was appointed ''[[strategos|stratēgos]]'' of the [[Bucellarian Theme]], one of the largest and most important of the Byzantine Empire's ''[[themata]]''. In this capacity, together with the patrician [[Petronas (general)|Petronas]], he participated in the [[Battle of Lalakaon]] in 863, where the Byzantines inflicted a crushing defeat on [[Umar al-Aqta]], the emir of [[Melitene]].{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}} On their return to [[Constantinople]], the two generals celebrated a [[Roman triumph|triumph]] in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|Hippodrome]].{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}}
⚫
In 879 or 880, Nasar replaced [[Niketas Oryphas]] as the ''[[droungarios]]'' of the [[Byzantine navy]], and was sent by Emperor [[Basil I]] against the Tunisian fleet that was raiding the [[Ionian islands]].<ref name="Dromon">{{harvnb|Pryor|Jeffreys|2006|pp=65–66}}.</ref> His fleet numbered 140 (according to [[Arabs|Arab]] sources) or 45 (according to Byzantine sources) ships. A mutiny of the fleet's rowers forced him to stop for a while at [[Methoni, Messenia|Methoni]], but discipline was restored and Nasar proceeded to score a significant victory in a night battle over the [[Saracens]].<ref name="ODB"/> He then proceeded to raid [[Sicily]], capturing many Arab ships and carrying off much booty and merchandise. Reportedly, the price of [[olive oil]] in the markets of [[Constantinople]] fell sharply as a result.<ref name="ODB"/> He then went on to support the concurrent land operations by the Byzantine generals Prokopios and Leo Apostyppes in southern Italy, before defeating another [[Islam|Muslim]] fleet off [[Punta Stilo]]; at the same time, another Byzantine squadron scored a significant victory at [[Naples]]. These victories were crucial to the restoration of Byzantine control over southern Italy (the future [[Catepanate of Italy]]), compensating to an extent for the effective loss of Sicily following the fall of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] in 878.<ref name="ODB"/><ref name="Dromon"/>

In 879 or 880, Nasar replaced [[Niketas Oryphas]] as the ''[[droungarios tou ploimou]]'', commander of the [[Byzantine navy]]'s Constantinople-based Imperial Fleet, and was sent by Emperor [[Basil I]] against the [[Aghlabid]] fleet that was raiding the [[Ionian islands]].<ref name="Dromon">{{harvnb|Pryor|Jeffreys|2006|pp=65–66}}.</ref> A mutiny of the fleet's rowers forced him to stop for a while at [[Methoni, Messenia|Methoni]], but discipline was restored and the crews strengthened with troops of the local theme. Nasar proceeded to score a significant victory in a [[Battle of Cephalonia|night battle]] over the Aghlabids with the aid of [[Greek fire]].{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}}<ref name="ODB"/>

⚫
Nasar then proceeded to raid [[Sicily]], capturing many [[Arab]] ships and carrying off much booty and merchandise. Reportedly, the price of [[olive oil]] in the markets of Constantinople fell sharply as a result.{{sfn|PmbZ|loc=Nasar (#25490)}}<ref name="ODB"/> He then went on to support the concurrent land operations by the Byzantine generals [[Prokopios (protovestiarios)|Prokopios]] and [[Leo Apostyppes]] in southern Italy, before [[Battle of Stelai|defeating]] another Aghlabid fleet off the coast of [[Calabria]]; at the same time, another Byzantine squadron scored a significant victory at [[Naples]]. These victories were crucial to the restoration of Byzantine control over [[southern Italy]] (the future [[Catepanate of Italy]]), compensating to an extent for the [[Muslim conquest of Sicily|effective loss]] of Sicily following the [[Siege of Syracuse (877–878)|fall]] of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] in 878.<ref name="ODB"/><ref name="Dromon"/>


==References==
==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


===Sources===
==Sources==
*{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Kazhdan|editor-first=Alexander|editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan|encyclopedia=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]|location=New York and Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-19-504652-6}}
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite book|editor-last=Kazhdan|editor-first=Alexander Petrovich|editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan|title=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]|location=New York, New York and Oxford, United Kingdom|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-19-504652-6|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Pryor|first1=John H.|last2=Jeffreys|first2=Elizabeth M.|title=The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204|location=Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-15197-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last = Lilie | editor1-first = Ralph-Johannes | editor2-last = Ludwig | editor2-first = Claudia | editor3-last = Zielke | editor3-first = Beate | editor4-last = Pratsch | editor4-first = Thomas | encyclopedia = Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt | language = German | publisher = De Gruyter | year = 2013 | url = http://www.degruyter.com/view/db/pmbz | ref={{harvid|PmbZ}}| title = Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online }}
*{{cite book|last1=Pryor|first1=John H.|last2=Jeffreys|first2=Elizabeth M.|title=The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204|location=Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-15197-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Winkelmann|first1=Friedhelm|last2=Lilie|first2=Ralph-Johannes|last3=Ludwig |first3=Claudia|last4=Pratsch|first4=Thomas|last5=Rochow|first5=Ilse|last6=Zielke|first6=Beate|chapter=Nasar (#5227)|title=Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit: I. Abteilung (641–867), 3. Band: Leon (#4271) – Placentius (#6265)|display-authors=6|year=2000|location=Berlin, Germany and New York, New York|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-016673-9|chapterurl=http://books.google.gr/books?id=wtLm7NLZJ5wC&lpg=PP1&hl=en&pg=PA335#|pages=335–336|language=German|ref=harv}}
{{refend|2}}


===Further reading===
==Further reading==
⚫
*{{cite journal|last=Vlysidou|first=Vasiliki N.|script-title=el:Συμβολὴ στὴ μελέτη τῆς ἐξωτερικῆς πολιτικῆς τοῦ Βασιλείου Α΄ στὴ δεκαετία 867-877|trans-title=Contribution to the study of Basil I's foreign policy in the decade 867-877|pages=301–315|url=http://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/bz/article/view/3487|journal=Byzantina Symmeikta|year=1981|volume=4|issn=1105-1639|language=Greek|doi=10.12681/byzsym.675|doi-access=free}}
{{refbegin}}
⚫
*{{cite journal|last=Vlysidou|first=Vasiliki N.|title={{polytonic|Συμβολὴ στὴ μελέτη τῆς ἐξωτερικῆς πολιτικῆς τοῦ Βασιλείου Α΄ στὴ δεκαετία 867-877}}|pages=301–315|url=http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz/article/view/675/593|journal=[http://www.byzsym.org/index.php/bz Byzantina Symmeikta]|year=1981|issn=1105-1639|language=Greek|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}


[[Category:9th-century Byzantine people]]
[[Category:9th-century Byzantine military personnel]]
[[Category:Byzantine admirals]]
[[Category:Byzantine admirals]]
[[Category:Byzantine generals]]
[[Category:Byzantine generals]]
[[Category:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars]]

[[el:Νασάρ]]
[[fr:Nasar]]
[[ru:Насар (адмирал)]]

Latest revision as of 02:16, 27 October 2024

This article is about the 9th-century Byzantine admiral. For other uses, see Nasar (disambiguation).

Nasar (Greek: Νάσαρ), originally baptized Basil (Greek: Βασίλειος),[1][2] was a distinguished Byzantine military leader in the Byzantine–Arab conflicts of the latter half of the 9th century.

Biography

[edit]

Not much is known about Nasar's family. His father Christopher held the supreme court position of magistros, and he had a brother named Barsanes. On account of his name, the historian Michele Amari speculated that he was of Syrian, perhaps Mardaite, origin.[1]

Under Emperor Michael III (r. 842–867), he was appointed stratēgos of the Bucellarian Theme, one of the largest and most important of the Byzantine Empire's themata. In this capacity, together with the patrician Petronas, he participated in the Battle of Lalakaon in 863, where the Byzantines inflicted a crushing defeat on Umar al-Aqta, the emir of Melitene.[1] On their return to Constantinople, the two generals celebrated a triumph in the Hippodrome.[1]

In 879 or 880, Nasar replaced Niketas Oryphas as the droungarios tou ploimou, commander of the Byzantine navy's Constantinople-based Imperial Fleet, and was sent by Emperor Basil I against the Aghlabid fleet that was raiding the Ionian islands.[3] A mutiny of the fleet's rowers forced him to stop for a while at Methoni, but discipline was restored and the crews strengthened with troops of the local theme. Nasar proceeded to score a significant victory in a night battle over the Aghlabids with the aid of Greek fire.[1][2]

Nasar then proceeded to raid Sicily, capturing many Arab ships and carrying off much booty and merchandise. Reportedly, the price of olive oil in the markets of Constantinople fell sharply as a result.[1][2] He then went on to support the concurrent land operations by the Byzantine generals Prokopios and Leo Apostyppes in southern Italy, before defeating another Aghlabid fleet off the coast of Calabria; at the same time, another Byzantine squadron scored a significant victory at Naples. These victories were crucial to the restoration of Byzantine control over southern Italy (the future Catepanate of Italy), compensating to an extent for the effective loss of Sicily following the fall of Syracuse in 878.[2][3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f PmbZ, Nasar (#25490).
  2. ^ a b c d Kazhdan 1991, p. 1439.
  3. ^ a b Pryor & Jeffreys 2006, pp. 65–66.

Sources

[edit]
  • Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Leiden, The Netherlands and Boston, Massachusetts: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15197-0.
  • Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Zielke, Beate; Pratsch, Thomas, eds. (2013). "Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online". Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt (in German). De Gruyter.

Further reading

[edit]
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