François de Joyeuse: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|French churchman (1562–1615)}} |
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[[Image:COA Cardinal de Joyeuse.svg|thumb|Coat of arms]] |
[[Image:COA Cardinal de Joyeuse.svg|thumb|Coat of arms]] |
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| ⚫ | Born at [[Carcassonne]], François de Joyeuse was the second son of Guillaume de Joyeuse<ref>Guillaume de Joyeuse (1520-1592), vicomte de Joyeuse, seigneur de Saint Didier, de Laudun, de Puyvert et d’Arques, maréchal de France.</ref> and Marie Eléanor de Batarnay. As the younger son of a ''[[Lord|seigneur]]'' in an intensely religious family of bishops and soldiers, he was destined for a career in the church. He studied in Toulouse, then at the [[Collège de Navarre]], Paris, and received his doctorate degrees in canon and civil law at the [[University of Orléans]]. |
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==Biography== |
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| ⚫ | His brothers Anne and Claude were captured in 1587 after the [[Battle of Coutras]] and killed in the general massacre that followed. As a result, François became Duke of Joyeuse. In 1590 the title of Duke of Joyeuse was passed to another of his younger brothers, [[Anne Scipion de Joyeuse|Scipion]], who drowned himself in the Tarn after the defeat of Villemur<ref>''Catholic Encyclopedia'' under "Henri, Duc de Joyeuse"</ref> in 1592, then to [[Henri de Joyeuse]], the youngest brother, who died in 1608. The title passed to Henri's daughter [[Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse|Henriette]], who had married [[Henri de Montpensier]] in 1597. |
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| ⚫ | Born at [[Carcassonne]], François de Joyeuse was the second son of [[Guillaume de Joyeuse]]<ref>Guillaume de Joyeuse (1520-1592), vicomte de Joyeuse, seigneur de Saint Didier, de Laudun, de Puyvert et d’Arques, maréchal de France.</ref> and Marie Eléanor de Batarnay. As the younger son of a ''[[Lord|seigneur]]'' in an intensely religious family of bishops and soldiers,<ref>Pierre de Vaissière, ''Messieurs de Joyeuse (1560–1615)'', Paris, 1926.{{page needed|date=June 2017}}</ref> he was destined for a career in the church. He studied in [[Toulouse]], then at the [[Collège de Navarre]], [[Paris]], and received his doctorate degrees in canon and civil law at the [[University of Orléans]]. Thanks to the influence of his elder brother [[Anne de Joyeuse]], a [[favourite]] of King [[Henry III of France]] who created him duke and peer in 1581,<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 1911, under "Joyeuse".</ref> he became a privy councillor to the King and rose rapidly in the church. He was made [[Archbishop of Narbonne]] on 20 October 1581 (with a papal dispensation for not having reached canonical age), a [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] on 12 December 1583 <ref>Bernard Barbiche, "L'influence française à la cour pontificale sous le règne de Henri I", ''Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire'', '''77'''.1 (1965:277-99) p. 281.</ref> (still aged only 21), [[Archbishop of Toulouse]] on 4 November 1588, and [[Archbishop of Rouen]] on 1 December 1604.<ref>See under ''Cardinalate'' on the website [https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1583.htm#Joyeuse Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church].</ref> He was a Knight of the [[Order of the Holy Spirit]]. |
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| ⚫ | His brothers Anne and Claude were captured in 1587 after the [[Battle of Coutras]] and killed in the general massacre that followed. As a result, François became Duke of Joyeuse. In 1590 the title of Duke of Joyeuse was passed to another of his younger brothers, [[Anne Scipion de Joyeuse|Scipion]], who drowned himself in the [[Tarn (river)|Tarn]] after the defeat of Villemur<ref>''Catholic Encyclopedia'' under "Henri, Duc de Joyeuse"</ref> in 1592, then to [[Henri de Joyeuse]], the youngest brother, who died in 1608. The title passed to Henri's daughter [[Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse|Henriette]], who had married [[Henri de Montpensier]] in 1597. |
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| ⚫ | On 16 February 1587 he was appointed by Henry III French minister to the [[Holy See]], [[cardinal protector|cardinal protector of France]];<ref>Bernard Barbiche, "L'influence française à la cour pontificale sous le règne de Henri I", ''Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire'', '''77'''.1 (1965:277-99).</ref> he retained his predecessor's secretary, [[Arnaud d'Ossat]], a skilled diplomat with long experience in Rome who served as liaison with the papacy during Joyeuse's numerous absences. Joyeuse returned to France after King Henry's murder in 1589 and joined the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]]. However, he broke with the League in 1593 to support [[Henry IV of France|Henry of Navarre]] (King Henry IV of France), and returned to [[Rome]] where he obtained papal absolution for Henry from Pope [[Clement VIII]] in 1595. Reappointed cardinal protector in January 1596, he returned to France and was returned to Rome by Henry IV in September 1598, arriving the following February; that year he negotiated the annulment of King Henry's marriage to [[Marguerite de Valois]], opening the way for a second marriage to [[Marie de' Medici]]. |
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François became [[Archbishop of Rouen]] in 1604. After the murder of Henry IV in 1610 he lost influence at the court of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. He died at [[Avignon]], aged 53, while travelling to Rome. |
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François became [[Archbishop of Rouen]] in 1604, though he did not take up residence. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1605. Between 1606 and 1607 he played a decisive role in negotiating a rapprochement between the Papacy and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], at the time of the [[Venetian Interdict]].<ref>Barbiche 1965.{{page needed|date=June 2017}}</ref> After the murder of Henry IV in 1610 he lost influence at the court of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. He died at [[Avignon]], aged 53, while travelling to Rome. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*{{cite web|author-link=Salvador Miranda (historian) |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title= JOYEUSE, François de (1562-1615)|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1583.htm#Joyeuse|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=|publisher=[[Florida International University]]|oclc=53276621}} |
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{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= France}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Joyeuse, Francois de}} |
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[[Category:16th-century French cardinals]] |
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[[Category:Dukes of Joyeuse|Francois]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:02, 27 October 2024
François de Joyeuse (24 June 1562 – 23 August 1615) was a French churchman and politician.[1]
Biography
[edit]Born at Carcassonne, François de Joyeuse was the second son of Guillaume de Joyeuse[2] and Marie Eléanor de Batarnay. As the younger son of a seigneur in an intensely religious family of bishops and soldiers,[3] he was destined for a career in the church. He studied in Toulouse, then at the Collège de Navarre, Paris, and received his doctorate degrees in canon and civil law at the University of Orléans. Thanks to the influence of his elder brother Anne de Joyeuse, a favourite of King Henry III of France who created him duke and peer in 1581,[4] he became a privy councillor to the King and rose rapidly in the church. He was made Archbishop of Narbonne on 20 October 1581 (with a papal dispensation for not having reached canonical age), a cardinal on 12 December 1583 [5] (still aged only 21), Archbishop of Toulouse on 4 November 1588, and Archbishop of Rouen on 1 December 1604.[6] He was a Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.
His brothers Anne and Claude were captured in 1587 after the Battle of Coutras and killed in the general massacre that followed. As a result, François became Duke of Joyeuse. In 1590 the title of Duke of Joyeuse was passed to another of his younger brothers, Scipion, who drowned himself in the Tarn after the defeat of Villemur[7] in 1592, then to Henri de Joyeuse, the youngest brother, who died in 1608. The title passed to Henri's daughter Henriette, who had married Henri de Montpensier in 1597.
On 16 February 1587 he was appointed by Henry III French minister to the Holy See, cardinal protector of France;[8] he retained his predecessor's secretary, Arnaud d'Ossat, a skilled diplomat with long experience in Rome who served as liaison with the papacy during Joyeuse's numerous absences. Joyeuse returned to France after King Henry's murder in 1589 and joined the Catholic League. However, he broke with the League in 1593 to support Henry of Navarre (King Henry IV of France), and returned to Rome where he obtained papal absolution for Henry from Pope Clement VIII in 1595. Reappointed cardinal protector in January 1596, he returned to France and was returned to Rome by Henry IV in September 1598, arriving the following February; that year he negotiated the annulment of King Henry's marriage to Marguerite de Valois, opening the way for a second marriage to Marie de' Medici.
François became Archbishop of Rouen in 1604, though he did not take up residence. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1605. Between 1606 and 1607 he played a decisive role in negotiating a rapprochement between the Papacy and Venice, at the time of the Venetian Interdict.[9] After the murder of Henry IV in 1610 he lost influence at the court of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. He died at Avignon, aged 53, while travelling to Rome.
Notes
[edit]- ^ The early biography is Antoine Aubery, L'histoire du cardinal duc de Joyeuse, Paris, 1654.
- ^ Guillaume de Joyeuse (1520-1592), vicomte de Joyeuse, seigneur de Saint Didier, de Laudun, de Puyvert et d’Arques, maréchal de France.
- ^ Pierre de Vaissière, Messieurs de Joyeuse (1560–1615), Paris, 1926.[page needed]
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, under "Joyeuse".
- ^ Bernard Barbiche, "L'influence française à la cour pontificale sous le règne de Henri I", Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, 77.1 (1965:277-99) p. 281.
- ^ See under Cardinalate on the website Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia under "Henri, Duc de Joyeuse"
- ^ Bernard Barbiche, "L'influence française à la cour pontificale sous le règne de Henri I", Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, 77.1 (1965:277-99).
- ^ Barbiche 1965.[page needed]
External links
[edit]- Miranda, Salvador. "JOYEUSE, François de (1562-1615)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Florida International University. OCLC 53276621.
