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{{Short description|Composition by Antonín Dvořák}}
{{Infobox musical composition
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Mass in D majory <br /> Lužany Mass
| name = Mass in D majory <br /> Lužany Mass
Line 5: Line 6:
| image_upright =
| image_upright =
| caption = Antonín Dvořák
| caption = Antonín Dvořák
| opus = [[Opus number|Op]]. 86
| opus = 86
| catalogue = [[Burghauser number|B.]] 153 and 175
| catalogue = [[Burghauser number|B.]] 153 and 175
| text = [[Mass (music)|mass ordinary]]
| text = [[Mass (music)|mass ordinary]]
| language = [[Latin]]
| language = [[Latin]]
| composed = {{Start date|1887}}
| composed = {{Start date|1887}}
| performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1887|09|11|df=y}}|location=Schloss Lužany}}
| performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1887|09|11|df=y}}|location=[[Lužany (Plzeň-South District)|Lužany]]}}
| published = {{Start date|1893}}
| published = {{Start date|1893}}
| movements = six
| movements = six
Line 16: Line 17:
| instrumental = {{hlist| organ or orchestra }}
| instrumental = {{hlist| organ or orchestra }}
}}
}}
The '''Mass in D major''' ('''''Messe D-Dur'''''), [[Opus number|Op]]. 86, is a [[Mass (music)|mass]] composed by [[Antonín Dvořák]] in 1887. It is also called '''''Lužanská mše''''' (''Lužany Mass'') after {{ill|Schloss Lužany|de}} for which it was written. It was first a work for soloists, choir and organ ([[Burghauser number|B]] 153), and expanded to an orchestra version in 1892 (B 175).
The '''Mass in D major''' ({{langx|de|Messe D-Dur}}), [[Opus number|Op]]. 86, is a [[Mass (music)|mass]] composed by [[Antonín Dvořák]] in 1887. It is also called '''''Lužanská mše''''' (''Lužany Mas''s) after the chapel in [[Lužany (Plzeň-South District)|Lužany]] for which it was written. It was first a work for soloists, choir and organ ([[Burghauser number|B]] 153), and expanded to an orchestra version in 1892 (B 175).


== History ==
== History ==
Antonín Dvořák was commissioned to compose a [[Mass (music)|mass]] by the architect and patron [[Josef Hlávka]] for the inauguration of the chapel that he had built for his summer residence in [[Lužany (Plzeň-South District)|Lužany]].<ref name="AD" /><ref name="Bärenreiter" /> Because of the size of the chapel, the choir had to be small, and no orchestra was possible. Dvořák composed the work from 23 March and 17 June 1887.<ref name="AD" /> On the day of completion, he wrote to Hlávka:{{blockquote|I am pleased to announce that I have finished the work and that I am supremely pleased with the result. I think it will be a work that will fully suit its purpose. It could be called: faith, hope and love for God Almighty, and an expression of thanks for this great gift, for having been given the opportunity successfully to complete a work in praise of the Highest, and in honour of our art. Do not be surprised that I am so devout, but an artist who is not cannot achieve anything like this. Take the examples of Beethoven, Bach, Raphael and many others. I would also like to thank you for giving me the impulse to write a work of this genre, it would hardly have occurred to me otherwise; until now I had only written similar works of larger proportions with considerable means at my disposal.<ref name="AD" />}}
[[File:Zamek Luzany 2.JPG|thumb|upright|Chapel of Schloss Lužany]]
Antonín Dvořák was commissioned to compose a [[Mass (music)|mass]] by the architect and patron [[Josef Hlávka]] for the inauguration of the chapel that he had built for {{ill|Schloss Lužany|de}}, his summer residence.<ref name="AD" /> Due to the size of the chapel, the choir had to be small, and no orchestra was possible. Dvořák composed the work from 23 March and 17 June 1887.<ref name="AD" /> On the day of completion, he wrote to Hlávka:{{quote|Sehr geehrter Herr Rat und lieber Freund! Ich habe die Ehre, Ihnen mitzuteilen, dass ich die Arbeit (die Messe D-Dur) glücklich beendet habe und dass ich große Freude daran habe. Ich denke, es ist ein Werk, das seinen Zweck erfüllen wird. Es könnte heißen: Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe zu Gott dem Allmächtigen und Dank für die große Gabe, die mir gestattete, dieses Werk zum Preis des Allerhöchsten und zur Ehre unserer Kunst glücklich zu beenden. Wundern Sie sich nicht, dass ich so gläubig bin – aber ein Künstler, der es nicht ist, bringt nichts solches zustande. Haben wir denn nicht Beispiele an Beethoven, Bach, Raffael und vielen anderen? Schließlich danke ich auch Ihnen, dass Sie mir die Anregung gaben, ein Werk in dieser Form zu schreiben, denn sonst hätte ich kaum je daran gedacht; bisher schrieb ich Werke dieser Art nur in großem Ausmaße und mit großen Mitteln. Diesmal aber schrieb ich nur mit bescheidenen Hilfsmitteln, und doch wage ich zu behaupten, dass mir die Arbeit gelungen ist.}}


He expressed that he was satisfied with the work for modest forces, which he thought could be subtitled [[Theological virtues|Faith, Hope and Love]] ("Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe"), and be understood as giving thanks to God. He mentioned other artists he regarded as motivated by Christian faith: [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] and [[Raphael]].
He expressed that he was satisfied with the work for modest forces, which he thought could be subtitled [[Theological virtues|Faith, Hope and Love]] ("Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe"), and be understood as giving thanks to God. He mentioned other artists he regarded as motivated by Christian faith: [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] and [[Raphael]].<ref name="AD" />


The mass was first performed at the chapel on 11 September 1887, conducted by the composer. Zdenka Hlávka, the architect's wife, and Dvořák's wife Anna were among the soloists.<ref name="AD" /> The first public performance was on 15 April 1888 at the municipal theatre of [[Plzeň]], now with an ensemble of two [[harmonium]]s, [[cello]] and two [[double basses]], but this instrumentation is lost, and it is unclear if the composer arranged it.
The mass was first performed at the chapel on 11 September 1887, conducted by the composer.<ref name="AD" /> Zdenka Hlávka, the architect's wife, and Dvořák's wife Anna were among the soloists.<ref name="AD" /> The first public performance was on 15 April 1888 at the municipal theatre of [[Plzeň]], now with an ensemble of two [[harmonium]]s, [[cello]] and [[double bass]].<ref name="AD" />


The mass is numbered Op. 76 in the [[Autograph (manuscript)|autograph]], but his publisher [[Fritz Simrock]] gave this number to the [[Symphony No. 5 (Dvořák)|Fifth Symphony]]. Simrock was not interested in the mass. It was published in 1893 by [[Vincent Novello|Novello]] in London as Op. 86, with an orchestration by the composer. This version was first performed on 11 March 1893 at the [[The Crystal Palace|London Crystal Palace]], conducted by [[August Manns]].<ref name="AD" /> The organ version was published by R. Carl in [[Saarbrücken]] in 1963.<ref name="AD" />
The mass is numbered Op. 76 in the [[Autograph (manuscript)|autograph]], but his publisher [[Fritz Simrock]] gave this number to the [[Symphony No. 5 (Dvořák)|Fifth Symphony]]. Simrock was not interested in the mass. It was published in 1893 by [[Vincent Novello|Novello]] in London as Op. 86, with an orchestration by the composer. This version was first performed on 11 March 1893 at the [[The Crystal Palace|London Crystal Palace]], conducted by [[August Manns]].<ref name="AD" /> The organ version was published by R. Carl in [[Saarbrücken]] in 1963.<ref name="AD" /> [[Bärenreiter]] published a [[critical edition]] of the organ version, including the added parts for cello and bass, regarded as authentic by the composer.


== Scoring ==
== Scoring ==
Organ version (1887):
Organ version (1887):<ref name="AD" /><ref name="Bärenreiter" />
* Soloists: [[soprano]], [[alto]], [[tenor]], [[Bass (voice type)|bass]]
* Soloists: [[soprano]], [[alto]], [[tenor]], [[Bass (voice type)|bass]]
* Choir [[SATB]]
* Choir [[SATB]]
* [[Pipe organ|Organ]]
* [[Pipe organ|Organ]]


Orchestral version (1892):
Orchestral version (1892):<ref name="AD" />
* Soloists and small choir SATB
* Soloists and small choir SATB
* 2 [[oboe]]s, 2 [[bassoon]]s, 3 [[Horn (instrument)|horns]], 2 [[trumpet]]s, 3 [[trombone]]s, [[timpani]], [[string instrument]]s, organ<!--
* 2 [[oboe]]s, 2 [[bassoon]]s, 3 [[Horn (instrument)|horns]], 2 [[trumpet]]s, 3 [[trombone]]s, [[timpani]], [[string instrument]]s, organ<!--
Line 40: Line 40:


== Structure ==
== Structure ==
The work is structure as the mass text prescribes, with most parts performed by both soloists and choir. It takes about 40 minutes to perform.<ref name="AD" />
The work is structured as the mass text prescribes, with most parts performed by both soloists and choir. It takes about 40 minutes to perform.<ref name="AD" />


1. Kyrie (Andante con moto)
1. Kyrie (Andante con moto)
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5. Benedictus (Lento)
5. Benedictus (Lento)
6. Agnus Dei (Andante)
6. Agnus Dei (Andante)

The work is intentionally kept simple. It is basically written for choir, with only occasional lines for soloists, and technically not difficult. The composer achieves expressiveness with simple means,<ref name="Bärenreiter" /> such as folksong-like tunes in rich harmonies.<ref name="Carus" />
<!--
<!--
== Werkbeschreibung ==
== Werkbeschreibung ==
Line 61: Line 63:
| website = antonin-dvorak.cz
| website = antonin-dvorak.cz
| access-date = 20 February 2022
| access-date = 20 February 2022
}}</ref>

<ref name="Carus">{{cite web
| url = https://www.carus-verlag.com/en/music-scores-and-recordings/antonin-dvorak-mass-in-d-major-4065100.html
| title = Antonín Dvorák Mass in D major / Organ version op. 86, 1887
| publisher = [[Carus-Verlag]]
| date =
| access-date = 27 February 2022
}}</ref>

<ref name="Bärenreiter">{{cite web
| url = https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA10434/
| title = Dvorák, Antonín / Mass in D major op. 86 / Organ version
| publisher = [[Bärenreiter]]
| date =
| access-date = 27 February 2022
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Line 66: Line 84:


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* [[Lucinde Braun]]: ''Mše D-Dur / Messe in D-Dur Opus 86.'' In: [[Silke Leopold]], {{ill|Ullrich Scheideler|de}}: ''Oratorienführer''. Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-00977-7, pp. 193–194.
* [[Lucinde Braun]]: ''Mše D-Dur / Messe in D-Dur Opus 86.'' In: [[Silke Leopold]], {{ill|Ullrich Scheideler|de}}: ''Oratorienführer''. Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, {{ISBN|3-476-00977-7}}, pp.&nbsp;193–194.
* Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): ''Mše D-Dur.'' (score organ version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,7). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
* Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): ''Mše D-Dur.'' (score organ version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,7). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
* Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): ''Mše D-Dur.'' (score orchestral version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,8). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
* Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): ''Mše D-Dur.'' (score orchestral version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,8). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
* Klaus Burmeister (ed.): ''Dvořák. Messe D-Dur.'' (orgen version using the piano redaction of the orchestral version (= Edition Peters 8765). C. F. Peters, Frankfurt 1996, {{ISMN|979-0-014-10259-3}}.
* Klaus Burmeister (ed.): ''Dvořák. Messe D-Dur.'' (orgen version using the piano redaction of the orchestral version (= Edition Peters 8765). C. F. Peters, Frankfurt 1996, {{ISMN|979-0-014-10259-3}}.
* Joseph Paul Koestner: ''An analysis for performance of Dvořák’s Mass in D.'' (dissertation). Bloomington 1976, {{OCLC|30913014}}.
* Joseph Paul Koestner: ''An analysis for performance of Dvořák’s Mass in D.'' (dissertation). Bloomington 1976, {{OCLC|30913014}}.
* Dirk Möller: ''Messe D-Dur op. 86.'' In: {{ill|Hans Gebhard|de|Hans Gebhard (Kirchenmusiker)}} (ed.): ''Harenberg Chormusikführer''. 2nd edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 2001, ISBN 3-611-00817-6, pp. 265–266.
* Dirk Möller: ''Messe D-Dur op. 86.'' In: {{ill|Hans Gebhard|de|Hans Gebhard (Kirchenmusiker)}} (ed.): ''Harenberg Chormusikführer''. 2nd edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 2001, {{ISBN|3-611-00817-6}}, pp.&nbsp;265–266.
* Alois Maria Müller (ed.): ''Antonín Dvořák: Messe in D-dur op. 76. Für die kirchenmusikalische Praxis bearbeitet. Partitur.'' Robert Carl, Saarbrücken 1963.
* Alois Maria Müller (ed.): ''Antonín Dvořák: Messe in D-dur op. 76. Für die kirchenmusikalische Praxis bearbeitet. Partitur.'' Robert Carl, Saarbrücken 1963.
* [[Kurt Pahlen]]: ''Oratorien der Welt.'' Heyne, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-453-00923-1, pp. 167.
* [[Kurt Pahlen]]: ''Oratorien der Welt.'' Heyne, Munich 1987, {{ISBN|3-453-00923-1}}, pp.&nbsp;167.


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 80: Line 98:


{{Antonín Dvořák|state=collapsed}}
{{Antonín Dvořák|state=collapsed}}
{{Portalbar|Classical Music}}
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Masses (music)]]
[[Category:Masses (music)|Dvorak]]
[[Category:Compositions by Antonín Dvořák]]
[[Category:Compositions by Antonín Dvořák]]
[[Category:1887 compositions]]
[[Category:1887 compositions]]

Latest revision as of 06:23, 27 October 2024

Mass in D majory
Lužany Mass
by Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Dvořák
CatalogueB. 153 and 175
Opus86
Textmass ordinary
LanguageLatin
Composed1887 (1887)
Performed11 September 1887 (1887-09-11): Lužany
Published1893 (1893)
Movementssix
VocalSATB choir and soloists
Instrumental
  • organ or orchestra

The Mass in D major (German: Messe D-Dur), Op. 86, is a mass composed by Antonín Dvořák in 1887. It is also called Lužanská mše (Lužany Mass) after the chapel in Lužany for which it was written. It was first a work for soloists, choir and organ (B 153), and expanded to an orchestra version in 1892 (B 175).

History

[edit]

Antonín Dvořák was commissioned to compose a mass by the architect and patron Josef Hlávka for the inauguration of the chapel that he had built for his summer residence in Lužany.[1][2] Because of the size of the chapel, the choir had to be small, and no orchestra was possible. Dvořák composed the work from 23 March and 17 June 1887.[1] On the day of completion, he wrote to Hlávka:

I am pleased to announce that I have finished the work and that I am supremely pleased with the result. I think it will be a work that will fully suit its purpose. It could be called: faith, hope and love for God Almighty, and an expression of thanks for this great gift, for having been given the opportunity successfully to complete a work in praise of the Highest, and in honour of our art. Do not be surprised that I am so devout, but an artist who is not cannot achieve anything like this. Take the examples of Beethoven, Bach, Raphael and many others. I would also like to thank you for giving me the impulse to write a work of this genre, it would hardly have occurred to me otherwise; until now I had only written similar works of larger proportions with considerable means at my disposal.[1]

He expressed that he was satisfied with the work for modest forces, which he thought could be subtitled Faith, Hope and Love ("Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe"), and be understood as giving thanks to God. He mentioned other artists he regarded as motivated by Christian faith: Beethoven, Bach and Raphael.[1]

The mass was first performed at the chapel on 11 September 1887, conducted by the composer.[1] Zdenka Hlávka, the architect's wife, and Dvořák's wife Anna were among the soloists.[1] The first public performance was on 15 April 1888 at the municipal theatre of Plzeň, now with an ensemble of two harmoniums, cello and double bass.[1]

The mass is numbered Op. 76 in the autograph, but his publisher Fritz Simrock gave this number to the Fifth Symphony. Simrock was not interested in the mass. It was published in 1893 by Novello in London as Op. 86, with an orchestration by the composer. This version was first performed on 11 March 1893 at the London Crystal Palace, conducted by August Manns.[1] The organ version was published by R. Carl in Saarbrücken in 1963.[1] Bärenreiter published a critical edition of the organ version, including the added parts for cello and bass, regarded as authentic by the composer.

Scoring

[edit]

Organ version (1887):[1][2]

Orchestral version (1892):[1]

Structure

[edit]

The work is structured as the mass text prescribes, with most parts performed by both soloists and choir. It takes about 40 minutes to perform.[1]

1. Kyrie (Andante con moto) 2. Gloria (Allegro vivace) 3. Credo (Allegro ma non troppo) 4. Sanctus (Allegro maestoso) 5. Benedictus (Lento) 6. Agnus Dei (Andante)

The work is intentionally kept simple. It is basically written for choir, with only occasional lines for soloists, and technically not difficult. The composer achieves expressiveness with simple means,[2] such as folksong-like tunes in rich harmonies.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Mass in D major ("The Luzany Mass")". antonin-dvorak.cz. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Dvorák, Antonín / Mass in D major op. 86 / Organ version". Bärenreiter. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Antonín Dvorák Mass in D major / Organ version op. 86, 1887". Carus-Verlag. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Lucinde Braun: Mše D-Dur / Messe in D-Dur Opus 86. In: Silke Leopold, Ullrich Scheideler [de]: Oratorienführer. Metzler, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-476-00977-7, pp. 193–194.
  • Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): Mše D-Dur. (score organ version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,7). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
  • Jarmil Burghauser (ed.): Mše D-Dur. (score orchestral version] (= Antonín Dvořák Complete works vol. 2,8). Supraphon, Prague 1970.
  • Klaus Burmeister (ed.): Dvořák. Messe D-Dur. (orgen version using the piano redaction of the orchestral version (= Edition Peters 8765). C. F. Peters, Frankfurt 1996, ISMN 979-0-014-10259-3.
  • Joseph Paul Koestner: An analysis for performance of Dvořák’s Mass in D. (dissertation). Bloomington 1976, OCLC 30913014.
  • Dirk Möller: Messe D-Dur op. 86. In: Hans Gebhard [de] (ed.): Harenberg Chormusikführer. 2nd edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 2001, ISBN 3-611-00817-6, pp. 265–266.
  • Alois Maria Müller (ed.): Antonín Dvořák: Messe in D-dur op. 76. Für die kirchenmusikalische Praxis bearbeitet. Partitur. Robert Carl, Saarbrücken 1963.
  • Kurt Pahlen: Oratorien der Welt. Heyne, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-453-00923-1, pp. 167.
[edit]
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