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{{ infobox noble
{{underconstruction}}
| name = Wenceslaus I
⚫
'''Wenceslaus I of Zator''' ({{lang-pl|'''Wacław I Zatorski'''}}; b. ca. 1418 - d. bef. [[29 July]] [[1468]]), was a Duke of [[Oświęcim]] during 1434-1445 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of [[Zator]] from 1445 until his death.
| title = Duke of Zator, Oświęcim
| image = POL województwo opolskie COA.svg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Coat-of-arms of Upper Silesia (Opole, Oświęcim, Zator, etc).
| noble family = [[Silesian Piasts]] of Opole
| father = [[Casimir I of Oświęcim]]
| mother = Anna of Żagań
| spouse = Maria Kopczowska
| issue = [[Casimir II of Zator|Casimir II]]<br />[[Wenceslaus II of Zator|Wenceslaus II]]<br />[[Jan V of Zator|Jan V]]<br />[[Władysław of Zator|Władysław]]<br />Sophie<br />Katharina<br />Agnes
| birth_date = c. 1418
| birth_place =
| death_date = before 29 July 1468
| death_place =
}}
⚫
'''Wenceslaus I of Zator''' ({{langx|pl|'''Wacław I zatorski'''}}; {{circa| 1418}} – before 29 July 1468), was a Duke of [[Oświęcim]] during 1434–1445 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and [[Duchy of Zator|Duke of Zator]] from 1445 until his death.


He was the eldest son of Duke [[Casimir I of Oświęcim]] by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke [[Henry VIII the Sparrow|Henry VIII of Żagań]].
He was the eldest son of Duke [[Casimir I of Oświęcim]] by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke [[Henry VIII the Sparrow|Henry VIII of Żagań]].


==Life==
==Life==
At the time of his father's death in 1434 Wenceslaus I was already grown enough to asumed the government of the Duchy by himself and to take the guardianship of his younger brothers [[Przemysław of Toszek|Przemysław]] and [[John IV of Oświęcim|Jan IV]].
At the time of his father's death in 1434 Wenceslaus I was already grown enough to assume the government of the Duchy by himself and to take the guardianship of his younger brothers [[Przemysław of Toszek|Przemysław]] and [[Jan IV of Oświęcim|Jan IV]].


For unknown reasons he didn't assisted to the Congress of [[Będzin]] on [[15 October]] [[1434]], were, among other things, were definied the frontiers between [[Lesser Poland]] and [[Silesia]]; which more surprising that there was present his stepmother Margareta.
For unknown reasons he did not attend the Congress of [[Będzin]] on 15 October 1434, where, among other things, were defined the frontiers between [[Lesser Poland]] and [[Silesia]]; which more surprising that there was present his stepmother Margareta.


However, this doesn't mean that the Dukes of Oświęcim avoid contacts with [[Poland]], as already on [[6 October]] [[1438]] in [[Toszek]] they undertook to consider the Polish King [[Casimir IV of Poland|Casimir IV]] as [[King of Bohemia]], despite the fact that at least two other Silesian Dukes were also candidates for the throne. Thanks to their support to King Casimir IV, Wenceslaus I and his brothers received the land of [[Zator]].
However, this doesn't mean that the Dukes of Oświęcim avoided contacts with [[Poland]], as already on 6 October 1438 in [[Toszek]] they undertook to consider the Polish King [[Casimir IV of Poland|Casimir IV]] as [[King of Bohemia]], though at least two other Silesian Dukes were also candidates for the throne. Thanks to their support to King Casimir IV, Wenceslaus I and his brothers received the land of [[Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Zator]].


On [[9 February]] [[1440]] the castellan [[Dziersław z Rytwian]] made a military expedition against the Dukes of Oświęcim, which took place probably due for the treaty of Toszek. The surprise of Wenceslaus I and his brothers was so great that the Polish forces managed to take Zator virtually without resistance. The peace was finally signed on [[26 October]] of that year; under the terms of the peace treaty, Zator returned into the hands of the Dukes of Oświęcim, in return for which Dziersław z Rytwian received the polish town and fortress of [[Barwałd]]. The next step was doing on [[8 January]] [[1441]], when Wenceslaus I was compelled to paid homage to the Polish King and a further disminution of his power in the government on behalf of his younger brothers.
On 9 February 1440, the castellan [[Dziersław z Rytwian]] made a military expedition against the Dukes of Oświęcim, which took place probably due for the treaty of Toszek. The surprise of Wenceslaus I and his brothers was so great that the Polish forces managed to take Zator virtually without resistance. The peace was finally signed on 26 October of that year; under the terms of the peace treaty, Zator returned into the hands of the Dukes of Oświęcim, in return for which Dziersław z Rytwian received the Polish town and fortress of [[Barwałd]]. The next step was done on 8 January 1441, when Wenceslaus I was compelled to pay homage to the Polish king and a further diminution of his power in the government on behalf of his younger brothers.


The common rule of Casimir I's sons over [[Oświęcim]] lasted until [[19 January]] [[1445]], when, at the request of Duke [[Nicholas V of Karniów|Nicholas V]] of [[Krnov|Karniów]]. The Duchy was divided into three separate sections: Jan IV took Oświęcim, Przemysław obtain [[Toszek]] and Wenceslaus I received [[Zator]] —it's unknown why Wenceslaus I, as the oldest son, didn't received the main town of the Duchy and obtain the relative small town of Zator—.
The common rule of Casimir I's sons over [[Oświęcim]] lasted until 19 January 1445, when, at the request of Duke [[Nicholas V of Karniów|Nicholas V]] of [[Krnov|Karniów]], the duchy was divided into three separate sections: Jan IV took Oświęcim, Przemysław obtained [[Toszek]] and Wenceslaus I received [[Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Zator]]; it is unknown why Wenceslaus I, as the oldest son, didn't receive the main town of the Duchy and obtained the relative small town of Zator.


As a Duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I tried to lead a policy of approaching to Poland, despite his still existing ties with the Bohemian Kingdom (he was formally a vassal of Bohemia).
As a duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I tried to lead a policy of approaching to Poland, despite his still existing ties with the Bohemian Kingdom (he was formally a vassal of Bohemia).


In 1448 Wenceslaus I promised to support the Polish efforts to defend the country's frontiers. Five years later, he and his brother Jan IV privately gave their military services to the King.
In 1448, Wenceslaus I promised to support the Polish efforts to defend the country's frontiers. Five years later, he and his brother Jan IV privately gave their military services to the king.


The informal relationship between the Duke of Zator and the Polish crown was confirmed in 1456 when Wenceslaus I paid homage to King Casimir IV. This step was made public only in 1462 in the Congress of [[Głogów]].
The informal relationship between the Duke of Zator and the Polish crown was confirmed in 1456 when Wenceslaus I paid homage to King Casimir IV. This step was made public only in 1462 in the Congress of [[Głogów]].


Wenceslaus I's exact date of death is unknown, but is generally ranked between 1465<ref>[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast8.html#K1A Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast]</ref><ref>[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/stoyan/l1/LANG=span/INDEX=I110891 Chronological Dates in Stoyan]</ref><ref>[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SILESIA.htm#WenzelIdied1465 SILESIA]</ref> and before 29 July 1468.<ref>[http://www.poczet.com/zatorski.htm WACŁAW I ZATORSKI (OŚWIĘCIMSKI)]</ref> His place of burial is also unknown, but presumably was in the Church of Saint Adalbert and Saint George in Zator.<ref>{{Polish|Wacław I Zatorski|4 April 2009}}</ref>
Wenceslaus I's exact date of death is unknown, but is generally ranked between 1465<ref>{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast8.html#K1A |title= Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=August 2012}}<ref>[http://wwperson.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/l3/LANG=engl/F=Wenzel@I./N=v.Schlesien-Zator Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan]</ref> and before 29 July 1468.<ref>[http://www.poczet.com/zatorski.htm WACŁAW I ZATORSKI (OŚWIĘCIMSKI)]</ref> His place of burial is also unknown, but presumably was in the Church of Saint Adalbert and Saint George in Zator.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}


==Marriage and Issue==
==Marriage and issue==
Around 1450 Wenceslaus married with Małgorzata (d. aft. 1468), daughter of Urban Kopczowski called Świrczyna, a noblemen from the [[Duchy of Siewierz]]. This information was provided by the chronicler [[Jan Długosz]].<ref name="Uzupełnienia33">{{cite journal |last1=Sikorski |first1=Andrzej |title=Uwagi do genealogii książąt zatorskich |journal=Rocznik Polskie Towarzystwa Historycznego. Seria Nova |date=1997 |volume=3 |issue=14 |page=33 |url=http://pther.net/PDF/Rocznik_PTHer/Rocznik%20PTHer%20tom03%20ISSN%201230-803X%20.pdf}}</ref> Some historians based on Długosz with no reason wrote that her name was Maria.<ref name="Uzupełnienia33"/> Urban was probably the same person as Urban of Kopczowice (Urban z Kopczowic), mentioned in document form 1457.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sikorski |first1=Andrzej |title=Uwagi do genealogii książąt zatorskich |journal=Rocznik Polskie Towarzystwa Historycznego. Seria Nova |date=1997 |volume=3 |issue=14 |page=34 |url=http://pther.net/PDF/Rocznik_PTHer/Rocznik%20PTHer%20tom03%20ISSN%201230-803X%20.pdf}}</ref>
Wenceslaus been married since around 1450 with Margareta, daughter Kopczowskiego Urbana, derived from the noble land of Siewierskiej. To niedynastyczne małżeństwo zawarte zostało według kronikarza Jana Długosza z miłości, co wśród panujących książąt stanowi wyjątek. This niedynastyczne the marriage was concluded according to chronicler Jan Dlugosz out of love, as the reigning princes is an exception. From this marriage were born four sons (Casimir II, Wenceslas II, John V and Władysława) and three daughters (Sophia, Catherine and Agnes), of which there is, however, are more messages).

According to the chronicler [[Jan Długosz]], this non-dynastic marriage was concluded for love, in an extraordinary exception between the Silesian Dukes and the [[House of Piast]] in general. They had seven children:
#[[Casimir II of Zator|Casimir II]] (b. ca. 1450 – d. 8 January/7 July 1490)
#[[Wenceslaus II of Zator|Wenceslaus II]] (b. ca. 1450/55 – d. bef. 5 October 1487)
#[[Jan V of Zator|Jan V]] (b. bef. 1455 – d. 17 September 1513)
#[[Władysław of Zator|Władysław]] (b. 1455 – d. by 28 May/21 September 1494)
#Sophie (d. ca. 1466)
#Katharina (d. ca. 1466)
#Agnes (d. aft. 21 October 1465).

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Wenceslaus I of Zator'''
|2= 2. [[Casimir I of Oświęcim]]
|3= 3. Anna of Żagań
|4= 4. [[Przemysław of Oświęcim]]
|5=
|6= 6. [[Henry VIII the Sparrow]]
|7= 7. Katharina of Opole
|8= 8. [[Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn]]
|9= 9. Elisabeth of Koźle-Bytom
|10=
|11=
|12= 12. [[Henry V of Iron]]
|13= 13. Anna of Płock
|14= 14. [[Vladislaus II of Opole]]
|15= 15. Elisabeth
|16= 16. [[Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn]]
|17= 17. Euphemia of Czersk-Warsaw
|18= 18. [[Bolesław of Bytom]]
|19= 19. [[Margareta of Sternberg]]
|20=
|22=
|23=
|24= 24. [[Henry IV the Faithful]]
|25= 25. Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
|26= 26. [[Wenceslaus of Płock]]
|27= 27. Elisabeth of Lithuania
|28= 28. [[Bolko II of Opole]]
|29= 29. [[Elisabeth of Świdnica]]
|30= 30. András Lackfi, Voivode of [[Transylvania]] or Nicolae Alexandru Bassaraba, Voivode of [[Wallachia]]
|31=
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Piast]]||{{circa|1418}}|before 29 July|1468}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Casimir I of Oświęcim|Casimir I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Silesia|Duke of Oświęcim]]<br /> ''with Przemysław and Jan IV''|years=1434–1445}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jan IV of Oświęcim|Jan IV]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=new creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Silesia|Duke of Zator]]|years=1445–1468}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Casimir II of Zator|Casimir II]]<br /> [[Wenceslaus II of Zator|Wenceslaus II]]<br /> [[Jan V of Zator|Jan V]]<br /> [[Władysław of Zator|Władysław]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wenceslaus 01 of Zator}}
[[Category:1410s births]]
[[Category:1460s deaths]]
[[Category:Piast dynasty]]

Latest revision as of 10:05, 27 October 2024

Wenceslaus I
Duke of Zator, Oświęcim
Coat-of-arms of Upper Silesia (Opole, Oświęcim, Zator, etc).
Bornc. 1418
Diedbefore 29 July 1468
Noble familySilesian Piasts of Opole
Spouse(s)Maria Kopczowska
IssueCasimir II
Wenceslaus II
Jan V
Władysław
Sophie
Katharina
Agnes
FatherCasimir I of Oświęcim
MotherAnna of Żagań

Wenceslaus I of Zator (Polish: Wacław I zatorski; c. 1418 – before 29 July 1468), was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1445 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of Zator from 1445 until his death.

He was the eldest son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań.

Life

[edit]

At the time of his father's death in 1434 Wenceslaus I was already grown enough to assume the government of the Duchy by himself and to take the guardianship of his younger brothers Przemysław and Jan IV.

For unknown reasons he did not attend the Congress of Będzin on 15 October 1434, where, among other things, were defined the frontiers between Lesser Poland and Silesia; which more surprising that there was present his stepmother Margareta.

However, this doesn't mean that the Dukes of Oświęcim avoided contacts with Poland, as already on 6 October 1438 in Toszek they undertook to consider the Polish King Casimir IV as King of Bohemia, though at least two other Silesian Dukes were also candidates for the throne. Thanks to their support to King Casimir IV, Wenceslaus I and his brothers received the land of Zator.

On 9 February 1440, the castellan Dziersław z Rytwian made a military expedition against the Dukes of Oświęcim, which took place probably due for the treaty of Toszek. The surprise of Wenceslaus I and his brothers was so great that the Polish forces managed to take Zator virtually without resistance. The peace was finally signed on 26 October of that year; under the terms of the peace treaty, Zator returned into the hands of the Dukes of Oświęcim, in return for which Dziersław z Rytwian received the Polish town and fortress of Barwałd. The next step was done on 8 January 1441, when Wenceslaus I was compelled to pay homage to the Polish king and a further diminution of his power in the government on behalf of his younger brothers.

The common rule of Casimir I's sons over Oświęcim lasted until 19 January 1445, when, at the request of Duke Nicholas V of Karniów, the duchy was divided into three separate sections: Jan IV took Oświęcim, Przemysław obtained Toszek and Wenceslaus I received Zator; it is unknown why Wenceslaus I, as the oldest son, didn't receive the main town of the Duchy and obtained the relative small town of Zator.

As a duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I tried to lead a policy of approaching to Poland, despite his still existing ties with the Bohemian Kingdom (he was formally a vassal of Bohemia).

In 1448, Wenceslaus I promised to support the Polish efforts to defend the country's frontiers. Five years later, he and his brother Jan IV privately gave their military services to the king.

The informal relationship between the Duke of Zator and the Polish crown was confirmed in 1456 when Wenceslaus I paid homage to King Casimir IV. This step was made public only in 1462 in the Congress of Głogów.

Wenceslaus I's exact date of death is unknown, but is generally ranked between 1465[1][better source needed][2] and before 29 July 1468.[3] His place of burial is also unknown, but presumably was in the Church of Saint Adalbert and Saint George in Zator.[citation needed]

Marriage and issue

[edit]

Around 1450 Wenceslaus married with Małgorzata (d. aft. 1468), daughter of Urban Kopczowski called Świrczyna, a noblemen from the Duchy of Siewierz. This information was provided by the chronicler Jan Długosz.[4] Some historians based on Długosz with no reason wrote that her name was Maria.[4] Urban was probably the same person as Urban of Kopczowice (Urban z Kopczowic), mentioned in document form 1457.[5]

According to the chronicler Jan Długosz, this non-dynastic marriage was concluded for love, in an extraordinary exception between the Silesian Dukes and the House of Piast in general. They had seven children:

  1. Casimir II (b. ca. 1450 – d. 8 January/7 July 1490)
  2. Wenceslaus II (b. ca. 1450/55 – d. bef. 5 October 1487)
  3. Jan V (b. bef. 1455 – d. 17 September 1513)
  4. Władysław (b. 1455 – d. by 28 May/21 September 1494)
  5. Sophie (d. ca. 1466)
  6. Katharina (d. ca. 1466)
  7. Agnes (d. aft. 21 October 1465).

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source]
  2. ^ Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
  3. ^ WACŁAW I ZATORSKI (OŚWIĘCIMSKI)
  4. ^ a b Sikorski, Andrzej (1997). "Uwagi do genealogii książąt zatorskich" (PDF). Rocznik Polskie Towarzystwa Historycznego. Seria Nova. 3 (14): 33.
  5. ^ Sikorski, Andrzej (1997). "Uwagi do genealogii książąt zatorskich" (PDF). Rocznik Polskie Towarzystwa Historycznego. Seria Nova. 3 (14): 34.
Wenceslaus I of Zator
Born: c. 1418 Died: before 29 July 1468
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Oświęcim
with Przemysław and Jan IV
1434–1445 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
new creation
 Duke of Zator
1445–1468 		Succeeded by
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