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{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Greek Orthodox Metropolis
| name = <big>Italy</big>
| image =
| caption =
| coat =
| coat_size =
| flag = <!-- Flag file name (excluding File: prefix) -->
| flag_alt =
<!---- Locations ---->
| country = [[Italy]] and [[San Marino]]
| territory =
| assistant_bishops =
| border = Orthodox
| headquarters = [[Venice]]
| coordinates =
<!---- Statistics ---->
| area_km2 = <!-- Area in square kilometres, automatically converted -->
| area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted -->
| population =
| population_as_of =
| catholics = <!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese -->
| parishes = 80
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
| schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
<!---- Information ---->
| denomination = [[Eastern Orthodox]]
| rite = [[Byzantine Rite]]
| established = 1991
| dissolved =
| cathedral = [[San Giorgio dei Greci]]
| patron = <!-- Patron saint(s) of the diocese (or archdiocese) -->
| patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" -->
| priests = 50
| music =
<!---- Current leadership ---->
| parent_church = [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
| patriarch = [[Bartholomew I of Constantinople]]
| bishop = [[Polykarpos Stavropoulos]]
| bishop_title = Metropolitan
| metro_archbishop =
| suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one -->
| auxiliary_bishops =
* Bishop Georgios of Krateas
* Bishop Dionysios of Kotieou
* Bishop Athenagoras of Thermae
| vicar_general = Archimandrite Vissarion Vakaros
| archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one-->
<!---- Map ---->
| map_caption =
<!---- Website ---->
| website = [https://ortodossia.it/ ortodossia.it/]
|language=Greek and Italian|governance=[[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]]}}


{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar}}
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar}}
The '''Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy''' (and Malta from {{citation needed span|2005|date=June 2021}} until the creation of the [[Exarchate of Malta]] in 2021),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orthodoxtimes.com/new-exarcate-of-ecumenical-patriarchate-was-created-in-malta/|title=New Exarchate of Ecumenical Patriarchate in Malta &#124; Orthodox Times (En)}}</ref> officially the '''Sacred Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe''' ({{lang-it|Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia ed Esarcato per l'Europa Meridionale}}), is a diocese of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] with [[Episcopal see|see]] in [[Venice]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia e Malta|url=http://www.ortodossia.it/enwiki/w/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=509:amministrazione3&catid=143:informazioni&lang=it|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.ortodossia.it}}</ref> The diocese was created in 1991. The current archbishop and exarch is [[Polykarpos Stavropoulos]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orthodoxtimes.com/exclusive-this-is-the-new-metropolitan-of-italy/|title = Exclusive: This is the new Metropolitan of Italy &#124; Orthodox Times (En)}}</ref>
The '''Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy''' (and Malta from {{citation needed span|2005|date=June 2021}} until the creation of the [[Exarchate of Malta]] in 2021),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orthodoxtimes.com/new-exarcate-of-ecumenical-patriarchate-was-created-in-malta/|title=New Exarchate of Ecumenical Patriarchate in Malta &#124; Orthodox Times (En)}}</ref> officially the '''Sacred Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe''' ({{langx|it|Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia ed Esarcato per l'Europa Meridionale}}), is a [[diocese]] of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] with its [[Episcopal see|see]] in [[Venice]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia e Malta|url=http://www.ortodossia.it/enwiki/w/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=509:amministrazione3&catid=143:informazioni&lang=it|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.ortodossia.it}}</ref> The diocese was created in 1991.
The current archbishop and exarch is [[Polykarpos Stavropoulos]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orthodoxtimes.com/exclusive-this-is-the-new-metropolitan-of-italy/|title = Exclusive: This is the new Metropolitan of Italy &#124; Orthodox Times (En)}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
[[Image:Chiesa di S.Giorgio dei Greci.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Cathedral church of "[[San Giorgio dei Greci|Saint George of the Greeks]]" in Venice]]
[[Image:Chiesa di S.Giorgio dei Greci.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Cathedral church of [[San Giorgio dei Greci|Saint George of the Greeks]] in Venice]]
[[File:Поликарп (Ставропулос).jpg|thumb|200px|Archbishop [[Polykarpos Stavropoulos]]]]
[[File:Поликарп (Ставропулос).jpg|thumb|200px|Archbishop [[Polykarpos Stavropoulos]]]]
The Italo-Byzantine Monastery of St Mary of [[Grottaferrata]], 20 kilometers south of [[Rome]], was founded by Saint Nilus the Younger in 1004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Origins of the Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata - Basilian Monks|url=https://www.abbaziagreca.it/en/origins/origins.asp|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.abbaziagreca.it}}</ref>
After the fall of the Western [[Roman Empire]], many areas of [[Italy]], remained under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire ([[Byzantine Empire]]) until the [[Longobard]] and [[Normans|Norman]] conquest in the 11th century. In 1054, the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]] divided the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] Churches. The Eastern Orthodox bishops were replaced by Catholic bishops, and many Eastern Orthodox churches, monasteries, convents, and priories were suppressed or destroyed.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} By 1200 this division had essentially been realized in Italy by the gradual appointment by the Longobard and Norman kings of Roman Catholic bishops.

The Italo-Byzantine Monastery of St Mary of [[Grottaferrata]], 20 kilometers south of [[Rome]], was founded by Saint Nilus the Younger in 1004,<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Origins of the Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata - Basilian Monks|url=https://www.abbaziagreca.it/en/origins/origins.asp|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.abbaziagreca.it}}</ref> fifty years before the division between the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Church, and remains to this day an [[enclave]] of Byzantine tradition under the Roman jurisdiction. The coming of [[Arbëreshë people|Albanian]] and Greek Orthodox refugees to Southern Italy due to Ottoman conquests in the latter portion of the 1500s contributed to a brief revival of Orthodoxy and Greek culture. Soon the new arrivals were assimilated to the Catholic Church, preserving the [[Byzantine Rite]] and some of their autonomy within the Eastern-rite [[Italo-Albanian Catholic Church]].


After the [[fall of Constantinople]], many Greeks sought refuge in Italy and the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] appointed a series of [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitans]], who resided in [[Venice]] from 1537 to 1797. But it was not until 1539 that the [[Greek community of Venice]] was authorised to begin building the church of San Giorgio dei Greci which still stands in the centre of the city on the canal known as the {{ill|Rio dei Greci|it}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venice Art & Culture: San Giorgio dei Greci|url=https://www.facarospauls.com/apps/venice-art-and-culture/8380/san-giorgio-dei-greci|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.facarospauls.com|language=en}}</ref> The church was completed in 1573 and is the oldest of the churches of the Greek diaspora in western Europe.<ref>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations}}</ref>
After the [[fall of Constantinople]], many Greeks sought refuge in Italy and the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] appointed a series of [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitans]], who resided in [[Venice]] from 1537 to 1797. But it was not until 1539 that the [[Greek community of Venice]] was authorised to begin building the church of San Giorgio dei Greci which still stands in the centre of the city on the canal known as the {{ill|Rio dei Greci|it}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Venice Art & Culture: San Giorgio dei Greci|url=https://www.facarospauls.com/apps/venice-art-and-culture/8380/san-giorgio-dei-greci|access-date=2020-09-17|website=www.facarospauls.com|language=en}}</ref> The church was completed in 1573 and is the oldest of the churches of the Greek diaspora in western Europe.<ref>{{Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations}}</ref>


In 1557, Venice's Greek community had nominated Pachomios, bishop of Zante and Cephalonia, to act in their church as bishop, which he apparently did for one year only.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9004252525|title= A Companion to Venetian History, 1400-1797|language= en|access-date= April 24, 2018|publisher= Eric R. Dursteler|date= July 11, 2013|pages=992|edition=first|isbn= 978-90-04-25251-6}}</ref> In 1577 a Greek Orthodox archbishop resided in Venice who was recognized him as the religious head of the Greek Orthodox community in Venice, though with the non-Venetian title of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia|Archbishop of Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9783896759764|last1= Nili |first1= Cohen|last2= Heldrich |first2= Andreas |author-link1=Nili Cohen|title= The Three Religions: Interdisciplinary Conference of Tel Aviv University and Munich University|language=en|place=Venice|date=October 10, 2002|access-date= April 24, 2018|pages=200|isbn= 9783896759764}}</ref>
In 1557, Venice's Greek community had nominated Pachomios, bishop of Zante and Cephalonia, to act in their church as bishop, which he apparently did for one year only.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9004252525|title= A Companion to Venetian History, 1400-1797|language= en|access-date= April 24, 2018|publisher= Eric R. Dursteler|date= July 11, 2013|pages=992|edition=first|isbn= 978-90-04-25251-6}}</ref> In 1577 a Greek Orthodox archbishop resided in Venice who was recognized him as the religious head of the Greek Orthodox community in Venice, though with the non-Venetian title of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia|Archbishop of Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9783896759764|last1= Nili |first1= Cohen|last2= Heldrich |first2= Andreas |author-link1=Nili Cohen|title= The Three Religions: Interdisciplinary Conference of Tel Aviv University and Munich University|language=en|place=Venice|date=October 10, 2002|access-date= April 24, 2018|pages=200|isbn= 9783896759764}}</ref>

From the [[Napoleonic era]] until 1922 the Orthodox communities in Italy remained disorganized and dependent upon visiting priests and bishops. Since 1991 the Greek Orthodox are under the authority of the Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy by an act of the Holy Synod of the Church of Constantinople (Ecumenical Patriarchate). The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople re-organized the Orthodox churches in Italy: initially under the Exarchate of the Archdiocese of [[Thyatira|Thyateira]] and Great Britain (1922–1963), then under the Archbishop of Austria and Exarch of Hungary (1963–1991), and finally under the newly created Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe in 1991, with its Metropolitan See in Venice.


== Archbishops of Italy ==
== Archbishops of Italy ==
Line 24: Line 79:
* [[Greek Orthodox Church]]
* [[Greek Orthodox Church]]
* [[San Giovanni Theristis]]
* [[San Giovanni Theristis]]
* [[Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta]]


==References==
==References==
Line 41: Line 97:
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Europe]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Europe]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy]]
[[Category:Greek Orthodoxy in Europe]]
[[Category:Greek Orthodoxy by country|Italy]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Italy]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Italy]]
[[Category:Metropolises without suffragan dioceses]]

Latest revision as of 10:36, 27 October 2024

Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Italy
Orthodox
Location
CountryItaly and San Marino
HeadquartersVenice
Statistics
Parishes80
Information
DenominationEastern Orthodox
RiteByzantine Rite
Established1991
CathedralSan Giorgio dei Greci
Secular priests50
LanguageGreek and Italian
Current leadership
Parent churchEcumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
GovernanceEpiscopal
PatriarchBartholomew I of Constantinople
MetropolitanPolykarpos Stavropoulos
Auxiliary Bishops
  • Bishop Georgios of Krateas
  • Bishop Dionysios of Kotieou
  • Bishop Athenagoras of Thermae
Vicar GeneralArchimandrite Vissarion Vakaros
Website
ortodossia.it/


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The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy (and Malta from 2005[citation needed] until the creation of the Exarchate of Malta in 2021),[1] officially the Sacred Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe (Italian: Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia ed Esarcato per l'Europa Meridionale), is a diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople with its see in Venice.[2] The diocese was created in 1991.

The current archbishop and exarch is Polykarpos Stavropoulos.[3]

History

[edit]
Cathedral church of Saint George of the Greeks in Venice
Archbishop Polykarpos Stavropoulos

The Italo-Byzantine Monastery of St Mary of Grottaferrata, 20 kilometers south of Rome, was founded by Saint Nilus the Younger in 1004.[4]

After the fall of Constantinople, many Greeks sought refuge in Italy and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople appointed a series of Metropolitans, who resided in Venice from 1537 to 1797. But it was not until 1539 that the Greek community of Venice was authorised to begin building the church of San Giorgio dei Greci which still stands in the centre of the city on the canal known as the Rio dei Greci [it].[5] The church was completed in 1573 and is the oldest of the churches of the Greek diaspora in western Europe.[6]

In 1557, Venice's Greek community had nominated Pachomios, bishop of Zante and Cephalonia, to act in their church as bishop, which he apparently did for one year only.[7] In 1577 a Greek Orthodox archbishop resided in Venice who was recognized him as the religious head of the Greek Orthodox community in Venice, though with the non-Venetian title of Archbishop of Philadelphia.[8]

Archbishops of Italy

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See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Exarchate of Ecumenical Patriarchate in Malta | Orthodox Times (En)".
  2. ^ "Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia e Malta". www.ortodossia.it. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  3. ^ "Exclusive: This is the new Metropolitan of Italy | Orthodox Times (En)".
  4. ^ "History and Origins of the Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata - Basilian Monks". www.abbaziagreca.it. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  5. ^ "Venice Art & Culture: San Giorgio dei Greci". www.facarospauls.com. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  6. ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34157-4.
  7. ^ A Companion to Venetian History, 1400-1797 (first ed.). Eric R. Dursteler. July 11, 2013. p. 992. ISBN 978-90-04-25251-6. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  8. ^ Nili, Cohen; Heldrich, Andreas (October 10, 2002). The Three Religions: Interdisciplinary Conference of Tel Aviv University and Munich University. Venice. p. 200. ISBN 9783896759764. Retrieved April 24, 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Bibliography

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[edit]
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