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{{Short description|Lost gospel called parts of heretical works by Origen}} |
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The '''''Gospel of the Twelve''''' ({{lang-el|''Ευαγγέλιο σύμφωνα με τα Δώδεκα'' }}), also referred to as the ''Gospel of the Apostles'', is a lost gospel preserved in fragments within the writings of the [[Church Fathers]]. This non-[[Canonical]] [[Gospel]] gives an account of the [[New Testament view on Jesus' life|life]] and [[Ministry of Jesus|ministry]] of [[Jesus of Nazareth]]. It details his story from the events of his [[Baptism]] to his [[Resurrection]]. |
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{{For|the Syriac gospel|Gospel of the Twelve Apostles}} |
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[[Image:Origen3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Origen who lists the ''Gospel of the Twelve'']] |
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The '''''Gospel of the Twelve''''' ({{langx|el|τὸ τῶν δώδεκα εὐαγγέλιον}}),<ref>[[Origenes]], ''Homilia in Lucam'' 1 p. 5.2-4 Rauer.</ref> possibly also referred to as the ''Gospel of the Apostles'', is a lost [[gospel]] mentioned by [[Origen]] in ''[[Homilies on Luke]]'' as part of a list of heretical works. |
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[[Schneemelcher]]'s standard edition of the ''New Testament Apocrypha'' states that [[Jerome]] incorrectly identified the ''Gospel of the Twelve'', which he referred to as the ''Gospel according to the Apostles'', with the [[Gospel of the Hebrews]] (''Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2''), whereas Origen clearly distinguished between them (''Homilies on Luke'' 1.1). [[Ambrose]] and [[Bede]] may have also made allusions to it. A relationship has been postulated between this otherwise unknown gospel and the [[Gospel of the Ebionites]].<ref>{{cite book| title=New Testament Apocrypha| publisher=John Knox Press, Wilhelm Schneemelcher and Robert McLachlan Wilson eds.| year=2003| isbn=0-664-22721-X| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDW0PeFSvGEC&q=%22New+Testament+Apocrypha:+Gospels+and+related+writings%22}}, p.166 - "Against Jerome, ... Origen clearly distinguishes between the GH and the Gospel of the Twelve", p.374 - "On the basis of a wrongly interpreted passage in Jerome (''Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2'') an abortive attempt was made to link the Gospel of the Twelve with the Gospel of the Hebrews, but the majority of critics today are inclined to identify it with the Gospel of the Ebionites", cf. Vol 2 Writings relating to the Apostles 2003 p17 "In gnostic and Manichean literature there are references to a Gospel of the Twelve (cf. vol. I, pp.374ff.), where the title is evidently intended to underline the comprehensive revelation content"</ref> |
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==Nazarene Community== |
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==See also== |
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Early [[Jewish Christians]] were often called Nazarenes. The term [[Nazarene (title)|Nazarene]] was first applied to [[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]].<ref>''Gospel of Matthew'' 2:23</ref> After his death, it was the term used to identify the predominantly [[Nazarene (sect)|Jewish sect]] that believed Jesus was the [[Messiah]]. When this sect branched into the [[Gentile]] world, they became known as [[Christian]]s. <ref> F.L. Cross & E.A. Livingston, ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,'' Oxford University Press, 1989. p 957 & 722.</ref> By the [[4th century|fourth century]], Nazarenes were considered [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]]. They adhered to the [[Mosaic law]], but rejected the [[Heresy|heresies]] of the [[Judaizers]].<ref name="The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1992">The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 4. New York, NY : Doubleday, 1992. p. 1049-1052</ref> |
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* [[Jewish-Christian Gospels]] |
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* [[List of Gospels]] |
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''The Gospel of the Apostles'', or ''The Gospel of the Twelve'' was used by the Nazarenes. St. Jerome expressly says that " the Gospel used by the Nazarenes is called the ''Gospel of the Apostles''". That the same Gospel should bear two names, one according to its reputed authors, the other according to the community which used it, is not surprising<ref>Sabine Baring-gould, ''The Lost And Hostile Gospels'', Nabu Press, 2010. p 122</ref> |
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== Justin Martyr == |
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Justin Martyr probably alludes to ''Gospel of the Twelve'' under a slightly different name, ''The Recollections of the Apostles''. He says that these Recollections were a Gospel. He adopted the word used by Xenophon for his recollections of Socrates. What the Memorabilia of Xenophon were concerning the martyred philosopher, that the ''Memorabilia of the Apostles'' were concerning the martyred Redeemer. It is probable that this Hebrew ''Gospel of the Twelve'' was the only one with which Justin Martyr was acquainted. |
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Justin Martyr was a native of Samaria, and his acquaintance with Christianity was probably made in the communities of Nazarenes scattered over Syria. By family he was a Greek, and was therefore by blood inclined to sympathize with the Gentile rather than the Jewish Christians. This double tendency is manifest in his writings. |
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Justin Martyr's Christian training took place in the Nazarene Church, in the orthodox, milder section. He no doubt inherited the traditional prejudice against St. Paul, for he neither mentions him by name, nor quotes any of his writings. That he should have omitted to 1 1 Apol. ii. |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gospel Of The Twelve}} |
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[[it:Vangelo dei Dodici]] |
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[[la:Evangelium iuxta duodecim apostolos]] |
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[[hu:A tizenkét apostol evangéliuma]] |
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[[sl:Evangelij po dvanajsterih]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:57, 27 October 2024
The Gospel of the Twelve (Greek: τὸ τῶν δώδεκα εὐαγγέλιον),[1] possibly also referred to as the Gospel of the Apostles, is a lost gospel mentioned by Origen in Homilies on Luke as part of a list of heretical works.
Schneemelcher's standard edition of the New Testament Apocrypha states that Jerome incorrectly identified the Gospel of the Twelve, which he referred to as the Gospel according to the Apostles, with the Gospel of the Hebrews (Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2), whereas Origen clearly distinguished between them (Homilies on Luke 1.1). Ambrose and Bede may have also made allusions to it. A relationship has been postulated between this otherwise unknown gospel and the Gospel of the Ebionites.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Origenes, Homilia in Lucam 1 p. 5.2-4 Rauer.
- ^ New Testament Apocrypha. John Knox Press, Wilhelm Schneemelcher and Robert McLachlan Wilson eds. 2003. ISBN 0-664-22721-X., p.166 - "Against Jerome, ... Origen clearly distinguishes between the GH and the Gospel of the Twelve", p.374 - "On the basis of a wrongly interpreted passage in Jerome (Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2) an abortive attempt was made to link the Gospel of the Twelve with the Gospel of the Hebrews, but the majority of critics today are inclined to identify it with the Gospel of the Ebionites", cf. Vol 2 Writings relating to the Apostles 2003 p17 "In gnostic and Manichean literature there are references to a Gospel of the Twelve (cf. vol. I, pp.374ff.), where the title is evidently intended to underline the comprehensive revelation content"
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