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Coordinates: 45°20′N 05°30′E / 45.333°N 5.500°E / 45.333; 5.500
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{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{About|the French department|the river|Isère (river)}}
{{About|the French department|the river|Isère (river)}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Isere|Iser (disambiguation){{!}}Iser}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Isere|Iser (disambiguation){{!}}Iser}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Isère
| name = Isère
| native_name = {{native name|frp|Isera}}<br/>{{native name|oc|Isèra}}
| native_name = {{native name|frp|Isera}}<br/>{{native name|oc|Isèra}}
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| type = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo2a = Grenoble - Prefecture.jpg
| photo2a = Grenoble - Prefecture.jpg
| photo1a = 2 alpes pano pic sign.jpg
| photo1a = 2 alpes pano pic sign.jpg
| photo3a = Lac de Notre-Dame-de-Commiers 2016-06-04.jpg
| photo3a = Lac de Notre-Dame-de-Commiers 2016-06-04.jpg
| size = 270
| size = 270
| spacing = 2
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Top down: [[Les Deux Alpes]] ski resort, [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Grenoble]], [[Notre-Dame-de-Commiers]] }}
| foot_montage = Top down: [[Les Deux Alpes]] ski resort, [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Grenoble]], [[Notre-Dame-de-Commiers]] }}
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Isère.svg
| image_flag = Flag of Isère.svg
| flag_alt =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Blason département fr Isère.svg
| image_shield = Blason département fr Isère.svg
| shield_alt =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto =
| motto =
| image_map = Isère-Position.svg
| image_map = Isère-Position.svg
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Isère in France
| map_caption = Location of Isère in France
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|45|20|N|05|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:21000000|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|45|20|N|05|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:21000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[France]]
| subdivision_name = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
| established_title =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_date =
| founder =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat_type = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat = [[Grenoble]]
| seat = [[Grenoble]]
| parts_type = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_type = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style = para
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[La Tour-du-Pin]]<br />[[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| p1 = [[La Tour-du-Pin]]<br />[[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_party = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_title = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name = Jean-Pierre Barbier<ref>{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises |date=4 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>
| leader_name = Jean-Pierre Barbier ([[The Republicans (France)|LR]])
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
| area_magnitude =
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2 = 7431
| area_total_km2 = 7431
| area_note =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 846
| elevation_m = 846
| elevation_min_m = 134
| elevation_min_m = 134
| elevation_max_m = 4088
| elevation_max_m = 4088
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_total = 1252912
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|16th]]
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|15th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| population_note =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 38
| blank_info_sec1 = 38
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Isère department|3]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Isère department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Cantons of the Isère department|29]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Cantons of the Isère department|29]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Communes of the Isère department|512]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Communes of the Isère department|512]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
}}


'''Isère''' ({{IPAc-en|US|iː|ˈ|z|ɛər}} {{respell|ee|ZAIR}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Isère|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Isère|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|izɛʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Isère.wav}}; {{lang-frp|Isera}}; {{lang-oc|Isèra}}, {{IPA-oc|iˈsɛɾa|}}) is a landlocked [[Departments of France|department]] in the southeastern French [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]. Named after the river [[Isère (river)|Isère]], it had a population of 1,252,912 in 2016. Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Grenoble]]. It borders [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] to the northwest, [[Ain]] to the north, [[Savoie]] to the east, [[Hautes-Alpes]] to the south, [[Drôme]] and [[Ardèche]] to the southwest and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] to the west.
'''Isère''' ({{IPAc-en|US|iː|ˈ|z|ɛər}} {{respell|ee|ZAIR}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|izɛʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Isère.wav}}; {{langx|frp|Isera}}; {{langx|oc|Isèra}}, {{IPA-oc|iˈsɛɾa}}) is a landlocked [[Departments of France|department]] in the southeastern French [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]. Named after the river [[Isère (river)|Isère]], it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep38.pdf Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère], INSEE</ref> Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Grenoble]]. It borders [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] to the northwest, [[Ain]] to the north, [[Savoie]] to the east, [[Hautes-Alpes]] to the south, [[Drôme]] and [[Ardèche]] to the southwest and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] to the west.

The state covers an area of approximately 7,431 square kilometres (2,869 sq mi), slightly larger than [[Cyprus]], being the fourth largest French department by area.


== History ==
== History ==


Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Dauphiné]].<ref name="BeachRines1912">{{cite book|author1=Frederick Converse Beach|author2=George Edwin Rines|title=The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYJRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT741|year=1912|publisher=Scientific American compiling department|page=741}}</ref> Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Dauphiné]].<ref name="BeachRines1912">{{cite book |author1=Frederick Converse Beach |author2=George Edwin Rines |title=The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYJRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT741 |year=1912 |publisher=Scientific American compiling department |page=741}}</ref> Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].


[[File:Château de Vizille détail face.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Château de Vizille]], which was the seat of the [[Assembly of Vizille]] that followed the 1788 [[Day of the Tiles]] in Grenoble, now houses the [[Musée de la Révolution française]].]]
[[File:Château de Vizille détail face.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Château de Vizille]], which was the seat of the [[Assembly of Vizille]] that followed the 1788 [[Day of the Tiles]] in Grenoble, now houses the [[Musée de la Révolution française]].]]


In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of [[Lyon]], the (hitherto Isère) communes of [[Bron]], [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], [[Vénissieux]] and [[Villeurbanne]] were transferred to [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Revue du Lyonnais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197|year=1865|publisher=L. Boitel|language=fr|page=197}}</ref> In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the [[Urban Community of Lyon]] (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from [[Ain]]) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were [[Chaponnay]], [[Chassieu]], [[Communay]], [[Corbas]], [[Décines-Charpieu]], [[Feyzin]], [[Genas]], [[Jonage]], [[Jons]], [[Marennes, Rhône|Marennes]], [[Meyzieu]], [[Mions]], [[Pusignan]], [[Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Laurent-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu]], [[Saint-Priest, Rhône|Saint-Priest]], [[Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon]], [[Sérézin-du-Rhône]], [[Simandres]], [[Solaize]], [[Ternay, Rhône|Ternay]] and [[Toussieu]].
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of [[Lyon]], the (hitherto Isère) communes of [[Bron]], [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], [[Vénissieux]] and [[Villeurbanne]] were transferred to [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Revue du Lyonnais |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197 |year=1865 |publisher=L. Boitel |language=fr |page=197}}</ref> In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the [[Urban Community of Lyon]] (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from [[Ain]]) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were [[Chaponnay]], [[Chassieu]], [[Communay]], [[Corbas]], [[Décines-Charpieu]], [[Feyzin]], [[Genas]], [[Jonage]], [[Jons]], [[Marennes, Rhône|Marennes]], [[Meyzieu]], [[Mions]], [[Pusignan]], [[Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Laurent-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu]], [[Saint-Priest, Rhône|Saint-Priest]], [[Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon]], [[Sérézin-du-Rhône]], [[Simandres]], [[Solaize]], [[Ternay, Rhône|Ternay]] and [[Toussieu]].<ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/id/JORFTEXT000000880759 Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'Isère et du Rhône], ''[[Journal officiel de la République française]]'' n° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.</ref>


Most recently, on 1 April 1971, [[Colombier-Saugnieu]] was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming ''[[Dauphiné|Dauphinois]] toujours'' ("Always Dauphinois").
Most recently, on 1 April 1971, [[Colombier-Saugnieu]] was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming ''[[Dauphiné|Dauphinois]] toujours'' ("Always Dauphinois").

''Isère'' was also the name of the French ship which delivered the 214 boxes containing the components of the [[Statue of Liberty]].


== Geography ==
== Geography ==


Isère includes a part of the [[French Alps]]. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at 4,088 metres (13,412&nbsp;ft), subsidiary to the 4,102 metres (13,458&nbsp;ft) [[Barre des Écrins]] in the adjoining [[Hautes-Alpes]] department. The summit of [[La Meije]] at 3,988 metres (13,083&nbsp;ft) is also well known. The [[Vercors Plateau]] aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.
Isère includes a part of the [[French Alps]]. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at {{convert|4,088|m|ft|abbr=off}}, subsidiary to the {{convert|4,102|m|ft|abbr=off}} [[Barre des Écrins]] in the adjoining [[Hautes-Alpes]] department. The summit of [[La Meije]] at {{convert|3,988|m|ft|abbr=off}} is also well known. The [[Vercors Plateau]] aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Grenoble]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Grenoble]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 158,198
|-
| [[Saint-Martin-d'Hères]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 37,935
|-
| [[Échirolles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 36,932
|-
| [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 29,993
|-
| [[Bourgoin-Jallieu]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,834
|-
| [[Fontaine, Isère|Fontaine]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 23,211
|-
| [[Voiron]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,372
|}


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
Inhabitants of the department are called ''Isérois'' (masculine) and ''Iséroises'' (feminine).
Inhabitants of the department are called ''Isérois'' (masculine) and ''Iséroises'' (feminine).


Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://splaf.free.fr/38his.html |title=Historique de l'Isère |website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-38 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016 |publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|15=1801|16=435,888|17=1806|18=471,660|19=1831|20=550,258|21=1841|22=588,660|23=1851|24=603,497|25=1861|26=577,748|27=1872|28=575,784|29=1881|30=580,271|31=1891|32=572,145|33=1901|34=568,693|35=1911|36=555,911|37=1921|38=525,522|39=1931|40=584,017|41=1936|42=572,742|43=1946|44=574,019|45=1954|46=626,116|47=1962|48=729,789|49=1968|50=768,490|51=1975|52=860,339|53=1982|54=936,771|55=1990|56=1,016,228|57=1999|58=1,094,006|59=2006|60=1,169,491|61=2011|62=1,215,212|63=2016|64=1,252,912|align=middle|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://splaf.free.fr/ Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France]</ref>}}
|15=1801|16=435,888|17=1806|18=471,660|19=1831|20=550,258|21=1841|22=588,660|23=1851|24=603,497|25=1861|26=577,748|27=1872|28=575,784|29=1881|30=580,271|31=1891|32=572,145|33=1901|34=568,693|35=1911|36=555,911|37=1921|38=525,522|39=1931|40=584,017|41=1936|42=572,742|43=1946|44=574,019|45=1954|46=626,116|47=1962|48=729,789|49=1968|50=768,490|51=1975|52=860,339|53=1982|54=936,771|55=1990|56=1,016,228|57=1999|58=1,094,006|59=2006|60=1,169,491|61=2011|62=1,215,212|63=2016|64=1,252,912}}


== Politics ==
== Politics ==
Line 119: Line 147:
Following the [[2021 French departmental elections|2021 departmental election]], the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:
Following the [[2021 French departmental elections|2021 departmental election]], the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;"
!colspan=2| Group || Seats
!colspan=2| Group || Seats
|-
|-
Line 148: Line 175:
=== Representation in Paris ===
=== Representation in Paris ===
==== National Assembly ====
==== National Assembly ====
In the [[2017 French legislative election|2017 legislative election]], Isère elected the following representatives to the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]:
In the [[2022 French legislative election|2022 legislative election]], Isère elected the following representatives to the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/</ref>!!Party
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français |first=Assemblée |last=Nationale |website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 1st constituency]]
| [[Isère's 1st constituency]]
| [[Olivier Véran]]
| [[Olivier Véran]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| [[Isère's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Isère's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Jean-Charles Colas-Roy]]
| [[Cyrielle Chatelain]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
| [[Europe Ecology – The Greens|EELV]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Isère's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Isère's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Émilie Chalas]]
| [[Élisa Martin]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
Line 174: Line 201:
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| [[Isère's 5th constituency]]
| [[Isère's 5th constituency]]
| [[Catherine Kamowski]]
| [[Jérémie Iordanoff]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
| [[Europe Ecology – The Greens|EELV]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Isère's 6th constituency]]
| [[Isère's 6th constituency]]
| [[Cendra Motin]]
| [[Alexis Jolly]]
| [[National Rally]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Isère's 7th constituency]]
| [[Isère's 7th constituency]]
| [[Monique Limon]]
| [[Yannick Neuder]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 8th constituency]]
| [[Isère's 8th constituency]]
| [[Caroline Abadie]]
| [[Caroline Abadie]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
Line 199: Line 226:
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 10th constituency]]
| [[Isère's 10th constituency]]
| [[Marjolaine Meynier-Millefert]]
| [[Marjolaine Meynier-Millefert]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|}
|}

In [[2022 French legislative election|2024]], all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=France 3 |lang=fr|date=2024-07-07|last=Desmas |first=Margot |title=Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en Isère : Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription |url= https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/isere/grenoble/carte-resultats-des-legislatives-2024-en-isere-decouvrez-tous-les-candidats-elus-circonscription-par-circonscription-2998031.html}}</ref>


==== Senate ====
==== Senate ====
In the [[2017 French Senate election|2017 Senate election]], Isère elected Didier Rambaud ([[La République En Marche!]]), Guillaume Gontard ([[miscellaneous left]]), Frédérique Puissat ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]), Michel Savin ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]) and [[André Vallini]] ([[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]) for the 2017–2023 term.
In the [[2017 French Senate election|2017 Senate election]], Isère elected [[Didier Rambaud]] ([[La République En Marche!]]), [[Guillaume Gontard]] ([[miscellaneous left]]), [[Frédérique Puissat]] ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]), [[Michel Savin]] ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]) and [[André Vallini]] ([[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]) for the 2017–2023 term.


== Culture ==
== Culture ==
[[File:La Grande Chartreuse.JPG|thumb|The [[Grande Chartreuse]]]]
[[File:La Grande Chartreuse.JPG|thumb|The [[Grande Chartreuse]]]]
The [[Grande Chartreuse]] is the mother abbey of the [[Carthusians|Carthusian]] order. It is located 22&nbsp;km (14&nbsp;mi) north of Grenoble.
The [[Grande Chartreuse]] is the mother abbey of the [[Carthusians|Carthusian]] order. It is located {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Grenoble.


As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the [[Franco-Provençal language]] called [[Franco-Provençal language#Dialects|Dauphinois]], while those in the Southern parts spoke the [[Vivaro-Alpine dialect|Vivaro-Alpine]] dialect of [[Occitan]]. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.
As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the [[Franco-Provençal language]] called [[Franco-Provençal language#Dialects|Dauphinois]], while those in the Southern parts spoke the [[Vivaro-Alpine dialect|Vivaro-Alpine]] dialect of [[Occitan language|Occitan]]. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.


== Tourism ==
== Tourism ==
Line 221: Line 250:
<gallery>
<gallery>
Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|[[Grenoble]]
Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|[[Grenoble]]
Les Oeufs d'Huez.jpg|Ski lift at [[Alpe d'Huez]]
Vercors 001.jpg|The [[Grand Veymont]]
Vercors 001.jpg|The [[Grand Veymont]]
Dent de Crolles.jpg|The [[Dent de Crolles]]
Dent de Crolles.jpg|The [[Dent de Crolles]]
Line 227: Line 257:
Lac de Monteynard 3.jpg|[[Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet]]
Lac de Monteynard 3.jpg|[[Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet]]
La Ruchère en Chartreuse.JPG|[[Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers]]
La Ruchère en Chartreuse.JPG|[[Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers]]
Dinnertime,_rue_Fernand-Point_+_Stela!.jpg |Roman stela nicknamed "the pyramid", [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
Marguerite et le temple.jpg|[[Temple of Augustus and Livia]], Vienne
</gallery>
</gallery>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Cantons of the Isère department]]
* [[Cantons of the Isère department]]
* [[Charmant Som]]
* [[Communes of the Isère department]]
* [[Communes of the Isère department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Isère department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Isère department]]
* [[Chartreuse Mountains]]
* [[Grande Sure]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://www.isere.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://www.isere.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{in lang|fr}}
*{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Isère (department) |volume=14 |last=Coolidge |first=William Augustus Brevoort |author-link=W. A. B. Coolidge |page=867 |short=1}}


{{Departments of France}}
{{Departments of France}}

Latest revision as of 13:06, 27 October 2024

This article is about the French department. For the river, see Isère (river).
"Isere" redirects here. Not to be confused with Iser.
Isère
Isera (Arpitan)
Isèra (Occitan)
Department
Top down: Les Deux Alpes ski resort, prefecture building in Grenoble, Notre-Dame-de-Commiers
Flag of Isère
Flag
Coat of arms of Isère
Coat of arms
Location of Isère in France
Location of Isère in France
Coordinates: 45°20′N 05°30′E / 45.333°N 5.500°E / 45.333; 5.500
CountryFrance
RegionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes
PrefectureGrenoble
SubprefecturesLa Tour-du-Pin
Vienne
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilJean-Pierre Barbier[1] (LR)
Area
1
 • Total
7,431 km2 (2,869 sq mi)
Elevation
846 m (2,776 ft)
Highest elevation
4,088 m (13,412 ft)
Lowest elevation
134 m (440 ft)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total
1,291,380
 • Rank15th
 • Density170/km2 (450/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number38
Arrondissements3
Cantons29
Communes512
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR,[3][4] French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.[5] Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.

History

[edit]

Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the former province of Dauphiné.[6] Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône.

The Château de Vizille, which was the seat of the Assembly of Vizille that followed the 1788 Day of the Tiles in Grenoble, now houses the Musée de la Révolution française.

In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of Lyon, the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron, Vaulx-en-Velin, Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône.[7] In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from Ain) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay, Chassieu, Communay, Corbas, Décines-Charpieu, Feyzin, Genas, Jonage, Jons, Marennes, Meyzieu, Mions, Pusignan, Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu, Saint-Priest, Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, Sérézin-du-Rhône, Simandres, Solaize, Ternay and Toussieu.[8]

Most recently, on 1 April 1971, Colombier-Saugnieu was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming Dauphinois toujours ("Always Dauphinois").

Geography

[edit]

Isère includes a part of the French Alps. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at 4,088 metres (13,412 feet), subsidiary to the 4,102 metres (13,458 feet) Barre des Écrins in the adjoining Hautes-Alpes department. The summit of La Meije at 3,988 metres (13,084 feet) is also well known. The Vercors Plateau aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.

Principal towns

[edit]

The most populous commune is Grenoble, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:[5]

Commune Population (2019)
Grenoble 158,198
Saint-Martin-d'Hères 37,935
Échirolles 36,932
Vienne 29,993
Bourgoin-Jallieu 28,834
Fontaine 23,211
Voiron 20,372

Demographics

[edit]

Inhabitants of the department are called Isérois (masculine) and Iséroises (feminine).

Population development since 1801:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801435,888—    
1806471,660+1.59%
1831550,258+0.62%
1841588,660+0.68%
1851603,497+0.25%
1861577,748−0.44%
1872575,784−0.03%
1881580,271+0.09%
1891572,145−0.14%
1901568,693−0.06%
1911555,911−0.23%
1921525,522−0.56%
1931584,017+1.06%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1936572,742−0.39%
1946574,019+0.02%
1954626,116+1.09%
1962729,789+1.93%
1968768,490+0.86%
1975860,339+1.63%
1982936,771+1.22%
19901,016,228+1.02%
19991,094,006+0.82%
20061,169,491+0.96%
20111,215,212+0.77%
20161,252,912+0.61%
source:[9][10]

Politics

[edit]

Departmental politics

[edit]

The President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier of The Republicans (LR) since 2015.

Following the 2021 departmental election, the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:

Group Seats
• The Republicans and allies 26
Socialist Party and allies 13
• Union of Democrats and Independents and allies 5
French Communist Party and allies 5
Europe Ecology – The Greens and allies 4
• Independents 3
• La République En Marche! 2

Representation in Paris

[edit]

National Assembly

[edit]

In the 2022 legislative election, Isère elected the following representatives to the National Assembly:

Constituency Member[11] Party
Isère's 1st constituency Olivier Véran Renaissance
Isère's 2nd constituency Cyrielle Chatelain EELV
Isère's 3rd constituency Élisa Martin La France Insoumise
Isère's 4th constituency Marie-Noëlle Battistel Socialist Party
Isère's 5th constituency Jérémie Iordanoff EELV
Isère's 6th constituency Alexis Jolly National Rally
Isère's 7th constituency Yannick Neuder The Republicans
Isère's 8th constituency Caroline Abadie Renaissance
Isère's 9th constituency Élodie Jacquier-Laforge Democratic Movement
Isère's 10th constituency Marjolaine Meynier-Millefert Renaissance

In 2024, all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.[12]

Senate

[edit]

In the 2017 Senate election, Isère elected Didier Rambaud (La République En Marche!), Guillaume Gontard (miscellaneous left), Frédérique Puissat (The Republicans), Michel Savin (The Republicans) and André Vallini (Socialist Party) for the 2017–2023 term.

Culture

[edit]
The Grande Chartreuse

The Grande Chartreuse is the mother abbey of the Carthusian order. It is located 22 km (14 mi) north of Grenoble.

As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language called Dauphinois, while those in the Southern parts spoke the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.

Tourism

[edit]

Isère features many ski resorts, including the Alpe d'Huez, Les Deux Alpes, the 1968 Winter Olympics resorts of Chamrousse, Villard de Lans, Autrans. Other popular resorts include Les 7 Laux, Méaudre, Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse, Alpe du Grand Serre and Gresse-en-Vercors. At the department level, Isère is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, after Savoie and Haute-Savoie. It also hosts Coupe Icare, an annual festival of free flight, such as paragliding and hang-gliding, held at the world-renowned paragliding site at Lumbin.

Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, the Museum of Grenoble. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble, is also open to visitors.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Isère". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Isère". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère, INSEE
  6. ^ Frederick Converse Beach; George Edwin Rines (1912). The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world. Scientific American compiling department. p. 741.
  7. ^ Revue du Lyonnais (in French). L. Boitel. 1865. p. 197.
  8. ^ Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'Isère et du Rhône, Journal officiel de la République française n° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.
  9. ^ "Historique de l'Isère". Le SPLAF.
  10. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  11. ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
  12. ^ Desmas, Margot (7 July 2024). "Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en Isère : Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription". France 3 (in French).
[edit]
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