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Coordinates: 45°20′N 05°30′E / 45.333°N 5.500°E / 45.333; 5.500
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{{short description|Department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{About|the French department|the river|Isère (river)}}
{{About|the French department|the river|Isère (river)}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Isere|Iser (disambiguation){{!}}Iser}}
{{Expand French|Isère (département)|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox department
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Isère
| name = Isère
| native_name =
| native_name = {{native name|frp|Isera}}<br/>{{native name|oc|Isèra}}
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| type = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline = Préfecture de l'Isère - 2011.JPG
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo2a = Grenoble - Prefecture.jpg
| image_alt =
| photo1a = 2 alpes pano pic sign.jpg
| image_caption = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Isère department, in Grenoble
| photo3a = Lac de Notre-Dame-de-Commiers 2016-06-04.jpg
| image_flag =
| size = 270
| flag_alt =
| spacing = 2
| image_shield = Blason departement Isere.svg
| color = #FFFFFF
| shield_alt =
| border = 0
| nickname =
| foot_montage = Top down: [[Les Deux Alpes]] ski resort, [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] building in [[Grenoble]], [[Notre-Dame-de-Commiers]] }}
| motto =
| image_map = Isère-Position.svg
| image_alt =
| map_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_caption = Location of Isère in France
| image_flag = Flag of Isère.svg
| pushpin_map =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield = Blason département fr Isère.svg
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| shield_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| nickname =
| latd = 45|latm = 20|lats = |latNS = N
| motto =
| image_map = Isère-Position.svg
| longd = 05|longm = 30|longs = |longEW = E
| coor_pinpoint =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Isère in France
| coordinates_type = region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:21000000
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| pushpin_map =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates_region = FR
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| coordinates = {{coord|45|20|N|05|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:21000000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| subdivision_name = [[France]]
| founder =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| seat_type = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
| seat = [[Grenoble]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| parts_type = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style = para
| founder =
| p1 = [[La Tour-du-Pin]]<br />[[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| seat_type = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat = [[Grenoble]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| parts_type = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style = para
| leader_title = [[President of the general council|President of the General Council]]
| leader_name = [[André Vallini]]
| p1 = [[La Tour-du-Pin]]<br />[[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| government_footnotes =
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
| leader_party = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| leader_name = Jean-Pierre Barbier<ref>{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises |date=4 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 7431
| area_note =
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_magnitude =
| elevation_m = 846
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}}
| elevation_min_m = 134
| area_total_km2 = 7431
| elevation_max_m = 4088
| area_note =
| population_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| population_total = 1224993
| elevation_m = 846
| population_as_of = 2012
| elevation_min_m = 134
| elevation_max_m = 4088
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|16th]]
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_note =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|15th]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 38
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| population_note =
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Isère department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 38
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[cantons of the Isère department|29]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[communes of the Isère department|533]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Isère department|3]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Cantons of the Isère department|29]]
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Communes of the Isère department|512]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| postal_code_type =
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| postal_code =
| utc_offset1 = +1
| area_code_type =
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| area_code =
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| iso_code =
| postal_code_type =
| website =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
}}


'''Isère''' ({{IPAc-en|US|iː|ˈ|z|ɛər}} {{respell|ee|ZAIR}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Isère |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|izɛʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Isère.wav}}; {{langx|frp|Isera}}; {{langx|oc|Isèra}}, {{IPA-oc|iˈsɛɾa}}) is a landlocked [[Departments of France|department]] in the southeastern French [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]. Named after the river [[Isère (river)|Isère]], it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep38.pdf Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère], INSEE</ref> Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Grenoble]]. It borders [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] to the northwest, [[Ain]] to the north, [[Savoie]] to the east, [[Hautes-Alpes]] to the south, [[Drôme]] and [[Ardèche]] to the southwest and [[Loire (department)|Loire]] to the west.
'''Isère''' ({{IPA-fr|izɛːʁ}}; [[Arpitan]]: ''Isera'', [[Occitan]]: ''Isèra'') is a [[departments of France|department]] in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]] in the east of [[France]] named after the river [[Isère (river)|Isère]].


== History ==
== History ==
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the [[province of France|former province]] of [[Dauphiné]].<ref name="BeachRines1912">{{cite book|author1=Frederick Converse Beach|author2=George Edwin Rines|title=The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYJRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT741|year=1912|publisher=Scientific American compiling department|page=741}}</ref> Its area has been reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].


Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the [[Provinces of France|former province]] of [[Dauphiné]].<ref name="BeachRines1912">{{cite book |author1=Frederick Converse Beach |author2=George Edwin Rines |title=The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYJRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT741 |year=1912 |publisher=Scientific American compiling department |page=741}}</ref> Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development round the edge of [[Lyon]], the (hitherto Isère) communes of [[Bron]], [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], [[Vénissieux]] and [[Villeurbanne]] were transferred to [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Revue du Lyonnais|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197|year=1865|publisher=L. Boitel|language=French|page=197}}</ref> In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the [[Urban Community of Lyon]] (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon / Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with 6 communes from [[Ain]]) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were [[Chaponnay]], [[Chassieu]], [[Communay]], [[Corbas]], [[Décines-Charpieu]], [[Feyzin]], [[Genas]], [[Jonage]], [[Jons]], [[Marennes, Rhône|Marennes]], [[Meyzieu]], [[Mions]], [[Pusignan]], [[Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Laurent-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu]], [[Saint-Priest, Rhône|Saint-Priest]], [[Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon]], [[Sérézin-du-Rhône]], [[Simandres]], [[Solaize]], [[Ternay, Rhône|Ternay]] and [[Toussieu]].


[[File:Château de Vizille détail face.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Château de Vizille]], which was the seat of the [[Assembly of Vizille]] that followed the 1788 [[Day of the Tiles]] in Grenoble, now houses the [[Musée de la Révolution française]].]]
Most recently, on 1 April 1971, [[Colombier-Saugnieu]] was lost to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming "[[Dauphiné|Dauphinois]] toujours" ''(Always Dauphinois)''


In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of [[Lyon]], the (hitherto Isère) communes of [[Bron]], [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], [[Vénissieux]] and [[Villeurbanne]] were transferred to [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Revue du Lyonnais |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA197 |year=1865 |publisher=L. Boitel |language=fr |page=197}}</ref> In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the [[Urban Community of Lyon]] (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from [[Ain]]) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were [[Chaponnay]], [[Chassieu]], [[Communay]], [[Corbas]], [[Décines-Charpieu]], [[Feyzin]], [[Genas]], [[Jonage]], [[Jons]], [[Marennes, Rhône|Marennes]], [[Meyzieu]], [[Mions]], [[Pusignan]], [[Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Laurent-de-Mure]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu]], [[Saint-Priest, Rhône|Saint-Priest]], [[Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon]], [[Sérézin-du-Rhône]], [[Simandres]], [[Solaize]], [[Ternay, Rhône|Ternay]] and [[Toussieu]].<ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/id/JORFTEXT000000880759 Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'Isère et du Rhône], ''[[Journal officiel de la République française]]'' n° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.</ref>
''Isère'' was also the name of the French ship which delivered the 214 boxes holding the [[Statue of Liberty]].

Most recently, on 1 April 1971, [[Colombier-Saugnieu]] was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming ''[[Dauphiné|Dauphinois]] toujours'' ("Always Dauphinois").


== Geography ==
== Geography ==


Isère includes a part of the [[French Alps]]. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at {{convert|4,088|m|ft|abbr=off}}, subsidiary to the {{convert|4,102|m|ft|abbr=off}} [[Barre des Écrins]] in the adjoining [[Hautes-Alpes]] department. The summit of [[La Meije]] at {{convert|3,988|m|ft|abbr=off}} is also well known. The [[Vercors Plateau]] aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.
Isère is part of the current region of [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Rhône (department)|Rhône]], [[Ain]], [[Savoie]], [[Hautes-Alpes]], [[Drôme]], [[Ardèche]], and [[Loire (department)|Loire]].


===Principal towns===
Isère includes a part of the French [[Alps]]. The highest point in the department is the Sub-Peak "Pic Lory" at 4,088 metres, subsidiary to the [[Barre des Écrins]]. The summit of [[La Meije]] at 3,988 metres is also very known. The [[Vercors Plateau]] dominates the west of the department.

The most populous commune is [[Grenoble]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Grenoble]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 158,198
|-
| [[Saint-Martin-d'Hères]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 37,935
|-
| [[Échirolles]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 36,932
|-
| [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 29,993
|-
| [[Bourgoin-Jallieu]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 28,834
|-
| [[Fontaine, Isère|Fontaine]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 23,211
|-
| [[Voiron]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,372
|}


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
Inhabitants of the department are called ''Isérois'' (masculine) and ''Iséroises'' (feminine).


Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://splaf.free.fr/38his.html |title=Historique de l'Isère |website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-38 |title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016 |publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
Inhabitants of the department are called ''Isérois''.
|15=1801|16=435,888|17=1806|18=471,660|19=1831|20=550,258|21=1841|22=588,660|23=1851|24=603,497|25=1861|26=577,748|27=1872|28=575,784|29=1881|30=580,271|31=1891|32=572,145|33=1901|34=568,693|35=1911|36=555,911|37=1921|38=525,522|39=1931|40=584,017|41=1936|42=572,742|43=1946|44=574,019|45=1954|46=626,116|47=1962|48=729,789|49=1968|50=768,490|51=1975|52=860,339|53=1982|54=936,771|55=1990|56=1,016,228|57=1999|58=1,094,006|59=2006|60=1,169,491|61=2011|62=1,215,212|63=2016|64=1,252,912}}


== Politics ==
== Politics ==
=== Departmental politics ===
The President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR) since 2015.


Following the [[2021 French departmental elections|2021 departmental election]], the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:
The President of the General Council is [[André Vallini]] of the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]].


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Group || Seats
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{Socialist Party (France)/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 24
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] and allies ||align="right"| 26
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{Union for a Popular Movement/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] ||align="right"| 14
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] and allies ||align="right"| 13
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous Right/meta/color}}" |
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union of Democrats and Independents}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 7
|[[Union of Democrats and Independents]] and allies ||align="right"| 5
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{French Communist Party/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
! style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |
|[[French Communist Party]] ||align="right"| 6
|[[French Communist Party]] and allies ||align="right"| 5
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous Left/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
! style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
|[[Miscellaneous Left]] ||align="right"| 4
|[[Europe Ecology – The Greens]] and allies ||align="right"| 4
|-
|-
! style="background-color: {{The Greens (France)/meta/color}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
! style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[The Greens (France)|The Greens]] ||align="right"| 3
|[[Independent politician|Independents]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[La République En Marche!]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Representation in Paris ===
== Culture ==
==== National Assembly ====
In the [[2022 French legislative election|2022 legislative election]], Isère elected the following representatives to the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]:


{| class="wikitable"
The [[Grande Chartreuse]] is the mother abbey of the [[Carthusian]] order. It is located 14 miles north of Grenoble.
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français |first=Assemblée |last=Nationale |website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 1st constituency]]
| [[Olivier Véran]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| [[Isère's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Cyrielle Chatelain]]
| [[Europe Ecology – The Greens|EELV]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" |
| [[Isère's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Élisa Martin]]
| [[La France Insoumise]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Isère's 4th constituency]]
| [[Marie-Noëlle Battistel]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Europe Ecology – The Greens}}" |
| [[Isère's 5th constituency]]
| [[Jérémie Iordanoff]]
| [[Europe Ecology – The Greens|EELV]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Isère's 6th constituency]]
| [[Alexis Jolly]]
| [[National Rally]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Isère's 7th constituency]]
| [[Yannick Neuder]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 8th constituency]]
| [[Caroline Abadie]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Isère's 9th constituency]]
| [[Élodie Jacquier-Laforge]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Isère's 10th constituency]]
| [[Marjolaine Meynier-Millefert]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|}


In [[2022 French legislative election|2024]], all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=France 3 |lang=fr|date=2024-07-07|last=Desmas |first=Margot |title=Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en Isère : Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription |url= https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/isere/grenoble/carte-resultats-des-legislatives-2024-en-isere-decouvrez-tous-les-candidats-elus-circonscription-par-circonscription-2998031.html}}</ref>
As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the [[Franco-Provençal language]] called [[Franco-Provençal language#Dialects|Dauphinois]]. It continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.


== Tourism ==
==== Senate ====
In the [[2017 French Senate election|2017 Senate election]], Isère elected [[Didier Rambaud]] ([[La République En Marche!]]), [[Guillaume Gontard]] ([[miscellaneous left]]), [[Frédérique Puissat]] ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]), [[Michel Savin]] ([[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]) and [[André Vallini]] ([[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]) for the 2017–2023 term.


== Culture ==
Isère features many [[ski resort]]s, including the [[Alpe d'Huez]], [[Les Deux Alpes]], the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] resorts of [[Chamrousse]], [[Villard de Lans]], [[Autrans]]. Other popular resorts include [[Les 7 Laux]], [[Le Collet d'Allevard]], [[Méaudre]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse]], [[Alpe du Grand Serre]], [[Gresse-en-Vercors]].
[[File:La Grande Chartreuse.JPG|thumb|The [[Grande Chartreuse]]]]
The [[Grande Chartreuse]] is the mother abbey of the [[Carthusians|Carthusian]] order. It is located {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Grenoble.


As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the [[Franco-Provençal language]] called [[Franco-Provençal language#Dialects|Dauphinois]], while those in the Southern parts spoke the [[Vivaro-Alpine dialect|Vivaro-Alpine]] dialect of [[Occitan language|Occitan]]. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.
Grenoble has a dozen museums, including the most famous created in Grenoble in 1798, the [[Museum of Grenoble]].


== Tourism ==
It is the third largest ski and winter destination of France, after [[Savoie]] and [[Haute-Savoie]], and before [[Hautes-Alpes]]. It also hosts [[Coupe Icare]], an annual festival of free flight, such as [[paragliding]] and [[hang-gliding]], held at the world-renowned paragliding site at [[Lumbin]].
Isère features many [[ski resort]]s, including the [[Alpe d'Huez]], [[Les Deux Alpes]], the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] resorts of [[Chamrousse]], [[Villard de Lans]], [[Autrans]]. Other popular resorts include [[Les 7 Laux]], [[Méaudre]], [[Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse]], [[Alpe du Grand Serre]] and [[Gresse-en-Vercors]]. At the department level, Isère is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, after [[Savoie]] and [[Haute-Savoie]]. It also hosts [[Coupe Icare]], an annual festival of free flight, such as [[paragliding]] and [[hang-gliding]], held at the world-renowned paragliding site at [[Lumbin]].

Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, the [[Museum of Grenoble]]. The [[European Synchrotron Radiation Facility]] (ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble, is also open to visitors.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|[[Grenoble]]
Fontaine trois ordres - Grenoble.JPG|[[Grenoble]]
Les Oeufs d'Huez.jpg|Ski lift at [[Alpe d'Huez]]
File:La Grande Chartreuse.JPG|The [[Grande Chartreuse]]
File:Vercors 001.jpg|The [[Grand Veymont]]
Vercors 001.jpg|The [[Grand Veymont]]
File:Dent de Crolles.jpg|The [[Dent de Crolles]]
Dent de Crolles.jpg|The [[Dent de Crolles]]
Lac du Curtillard et montagne de l'Arpette (août 2020).JPG|[[Le Haut-Bréda]]
File:Tour Du Queyras 03.jpg|[[Queyras]] valley
Tour Du Queyras 03.jpg|[[Queyras]] Valley
File:Lac de Monteynard 3.jpg|[[Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet]]
Lac de Monteynard 3.jpg|[[Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet]]
La Ruchère en Chartreuse.JPG|[[Saint-Christophe-sur-Guiers]]
Dinnertime,_rue_Fernand-Point_+_Stela!.jpg |Roman stela nicknamed "the pyramid", [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]]
Marguerite et le temple.jpg|[[Temple of Augustus and Livia]], Vienne
</gallery>
</gallery>

== Miscellaneous topics ==
[[Poma]] (ski-lifts) and [[Rossignol]] (ski and winter surf company) are headquartered in Isère, near Grenoble.

Other companies include STMicroelectronics France, [[Schneider Electric]] SA, Caterpillar France SAS, Hewlett Packard, Becton Dickinson France SAS, Soitec, Siemens, Teisseire.

Isère produces the following cheeses: [[Bleu du Vercors-Sassenage]], an [[Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée]] cheese, and [[Saint-Marcellin]].


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Cantons of the Isère department]]
* [[Cantons of the Isère department]]
* [[Charmant Som]]
* [[Communes of the Isère department]]
* [[Communes of the Isère department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Isère department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Isère department]]
* [[Chartreuse Mountains]]
* [[Grande Sure]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://www.isere.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://www.isere.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{in lang|fr}}
*{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Isère (department) |volume=14 |last=Coolidge |first=William Augustus Brevoort |author-link=W. A. B. Coolidge |page=867 |short=1}}


{{Departments of France}}
{{Departments of France}}
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[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
[[Category:Departments of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]]
[[Category:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]

Latest revision as of 13:06, 27 October 2024

This article is about the French department. For the river, see Isère (river).
"Isere" redirects here. Not to be confused with Iser.
Isère
Isera (Arpitan)
Isèra (Occitan)
Department
Top down: Les Deux Alpes ski resort, prefecture building in Grenoble, Notre-Dame-de-Commiers
Flag of Isère
Flag
Coat of arms of Isère
Coat of arms
Location of Isère in France
Location of Isère in France
Coordinates: 45°20′N 05°30′E / 45.333°N 5.500°E / 45.333; 5.500
CountryFrance
RegionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes
PrefectureGrenoble
SubprefecturesLa Tour-du-Pin
Vienne
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilJean-Pierre Barbier[1] (LR)
Area
1
 • Total
7,431 km2 (2,869 sq mi)
Elevation
846 m (2,776 ft)
Highest elevation
4,088 m (13,412 ft)
Lowest elevation
134 m (440 ft)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total
1,291,380
 • Rank15th
 • Density170/km2 (450/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number38
Arrondissements3
Cantons29
Communes512
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR,[3][4] French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.[5] Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.

History

[edit]

Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of the former province of Dauphiné.[6] Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône.

The Château de Vizille, which was the seat of the Assembly of Vizille that followed the 1788 Day of the Tiles in Grenoble, now houses the Musée de la Révolution française.

In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge of Lyon, the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron, Vaulx-en-Velin, Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône.[7] In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with six communes from Ain) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay, Chassieu, Communay, Corbas, Décines-Charpieu, Feyzin, Genas, Jonage, Jons, Marennes, Meyzieu, Mions, Pusignan, Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu, Saint-Priest, Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, Sérézin-du-Rhône, Simandres, Solaize, Ternay and Toussieu.[8]

Most recently, on 1 April 1971, Colombier-Saugnieu was transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaiming Dauphinois toujours ("Always Dauphinois").

Geography

[edit]

Isère includes a part of the French Alps. The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at 4,088 metres (13,412 feet), subsidiary to the 4,102 metres (13,458 feet) Barre des Écrins in the adjoining Hautes-Alpes department. The summit of La Meije at 3,988 metres (13,084 feet) is also well known. The Vercors Plateau aesthetically dominates the western part of the department.

Principal towns

[edit]

The most populous commune is Grenoble, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:[5]

Commune Population (2019)
Grenoble 158,198
Saint-Martin-d'Hères 37,935
Échirolles 36,932
Vienne 29,993
Bourgoin-Jallieu 28,834
Fontaine 23,211
Voiron 20,372

Demographics

[edit]

Inhabitants of the department are called Isérois (masculine) and Iséroises (feminine).

Population development since 1801:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801435,888—    
1806471,660+1.59%
1831550,258+0.62%
1841588,660+0.68%
1851603,497+0.25%
1861577,748−0.44%
1872575,784−0.03%
1881580,271+0.09%
1891572,145−0.14%
1901568,693−0.06%
1911555,911−0.23%
1921525,522−0.56%
1931584,017+1.06%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1936572,742−0.39%
1946574,019+0.02%
1954626,116+1.09%
1962729,789+1.93%
1968768,490+0.86%
1975860,339+1.63%
1982936,771+1.22%
19901,016,228+1.02%
19991,094,006+0.82%
20061,169,491+0.96%
20111,215,212+0.77%
20161,252,912+0.61%
source:[9][10]

Politics

[edit]

Departmental politics

[edit]

The President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier of The Republicans (LR) since 2015.

Following the 2021 departmental election, the Departmental Council of Isère (58 seats) was composed as follows:

Group Seats
• The Republicans and allies 26
Socialist Party and allies 13
• Union of Democrats and Independents and allies 5
French Communist Party and allies 5
Europe Ecology – The Greens and allies 4
• Independents 3
• La République En Marche! 2

Representation in Paris

[edit]

National Assembly

[edit]

In the 2022 legislative election, Isère elected the following representatives to the National Assembly:

Constituency Member[11] Party
Isère's 1st constituency Olivier Véran Renaissance
Isère's 2nd constituency Cyrielle Chatelain EELV
Isère's 3rd constituency Élisa Martin La France Insoumise
Isère's 4th constituency Marie-Noëlle Battistel Socialist Party
Isère's 5th constituency Jérémie Iordanoff EELV
Isère's 6th constituency Alexis Jolly National Rally
Isère's 7th constituency Yannick Neuder The Republicans
Isère's 8th constituency Caroline Abadie Renaissance
Isère's 9th constituency Élodie Jacquier-Laforge Democratic Movement
Isère's 10th constituency Marjolaine Meynier-Millefert Renaissance

In 2024, all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.[12]

Senate

[edit]

In the 2017 Senate election, Isère elected Didier Rambaud (La République En Marche!), Guillaume Gontard (miscellaneous left), Frédérique Puissat (The Republicans), Michel Savin (The Republicans) and André Vallini (Socialist Party) for the 2017–2023 term.

Culture

[edit]
The Grande Chartreuse

The Grande Chartreuse is the mother abbey of the Carthusian order. It is located 22 km (14 mi) north of Grenoble.

As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of Isère spoke a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language called Dauphinois, while those in the Southern parts spoke the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan. Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of Isère into the 20th century.

Tourism

[edit]

Isère features many ski resorts, including the Alpe d'Huez, Les Deux Alpes, the 1968 Winter Olympics resorts of Chamrousse, Villard de Lans, Autrans. Other popular resorts include Les 7 Laux, Méaudre, Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse, Alpe du Grand Serre and Gresse-en-Vercors. At the department level, Isère is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, after Savoie and Haute-Savoie. It also hosts Coupe Icare, an annual festival of free flight, such as paragliding and hang-gliding, held at the world-renowned paragliding site at Lumbin.

Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, the Museum of Grenoble. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble, is also open to visitors.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Isère". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Isère". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère, INSEE
  6. ^ Frederick Converse Beach; George Edwin Rines (1912). The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world. Scientific American compiling department. p. 741.
  7. ^ Revue du Lyonnais (in French). L. Boitel. 1865. p. 197.
  8. ^ Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'Isère et du Rhône, Journal officiel de la République française n° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.
  9. ^ "Historique de l'Isère". Le SPLAF.
  10. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  11. ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
  12. ^ Desmas, Margot (7 July 2024). "Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en Isère : Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription". France 3 (in French).
[edit]
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